K8s系列---【KubeSphere平台的安装-基于K8s集群】

验证上面是否执行成功：在master节点执行kubectl get nodes命令查看node1和node2是否加入进来了，如果状态是NotReady，可以执行kubectl get pod -A查看各个pod的状态是否READY，一般5分钟左右就好了。在master节点执行ip a命令，查看自己master节点的ipv4地址，并把替换掉下面最后一行中的ip172.31.0.4,然后直接复制下面命

StrongCertain

1034人浏览 · 2024-01-04 16:59:31

StrongCertain · 2024-01-04 16:59:31 发布

K8s系列—【KubeSphere平台的安装-基于K8s集群】
一、Kubernetes上安装KubeSphere
安装步骤
选择4核8G（master）、8核16G（node1）、8核16G（node2）三台机器，按量付费进行实验，CentOS7.9,查看系统版本cat /etc/redhat-release，安全组开放k8s-port的30000-32767端口

安装Docker

安装Kubernetes

安装KubeSphere前置环境

安装KubeSphere

1.安装docker
下面的命令可以直接复制所有，也可以新建一个shell脚本，把命令粘进去以脚本方式执行。

sudo yum remove docker*
sudo yum install -y yum-utils

#配置docker的yum地址
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo


#安装指定版本
sudo yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7 containerd.io-1.4.6

#	启动&开机启动docker
systemctl enable docker --now

# docker加速配置
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  #可以换成自己的镜像地址
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://82m9ar63.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

2、安装Kubernetes
2.1、基本环境
每个机器使用内网ip互通

每个机器配置自己的hostname，不能用localhost

给三个节点分别设置hostname,设置完之后重新用shell工具连接

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2

把下面配置在三个节点分别直接粘贴执行，或者粘贴到shell脚本中执行

# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

#关闭swap
swapoff -a  
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

#允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system

2.2、安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
在master节点执行ip a命令，查看自己master节点的ipv4地址，并把替换掉下面最后一行中的ip172.31.0.4,然后直接复制下面命令或者以shell脚本执行，分别在三个节点执行下面命令。

#配置k8s的yum源地址
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
   http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF


#安装 kubelet，kubeadm，kubectl
sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9

#启动kubelet
sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

#所有机器配置master域名
echo "172.31.0.4  k8s-master" >> /etc/hosts

上面命令在三台机器上执行完毕后，需要验证是否安装成功。分别在三台机器上执行ping k8s-master命令，若都能ping通，说明安装成功。

3、初始化master节点
3.1 初始化

把下面第二行的ip地址172.31.0.4换成自己master节点的ip，需要下载镜像，比较慢，多等一会。

kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.31.0.4 \
--control-plane-endpoint=k8s-master \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

主节点

kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.110.181 \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

3.2 记录关键信息

记录上一步master执行完成后的日志

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:
#若想要使用多个master节点，执行下面这条命令
  kubeadm join k8s-master:6443 --token 3vckmv.lvrl05xpyftbs177 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1dc274fed24778f5c284229d9fcba44a5df11efba018f9664cf5e8ff77907240 \
    --control-plane 

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join k8s-master:6443 --token 3vckmv.lvrl05xpyftbs177 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1dc274fed24778f5c284229d9fcba44a5df11efba018f9664cf5e8ff77907240

3.3 在master节点执行上一步日志中的第3、4、5行的命令(直接去3.2的日志中去复制，不要复制下面的命令)。

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

执行完上面的命令后，需要执行kubect get nodes命令验证，若执行完出来了nodes的信息，说明执行成功。

3.4 安装Calico网络插件

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml -O

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.20/manifests/calico.yaml

3.5 加入worker节点

在k8s-node1和k8s-node2节点分别执行3.2日志中的最后两行命令(直接去3.2的日志中去复制，不要复制下面的命令)。

kubeadm join k8s-master:6443 --token 3vckmv.lvrl05xpyftbs177 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1dc274fed24778f5c284229d9fcba44a5df11efba018f9664cf5e8ff77907240

验证上面是否执行成功：在master节点执行kubectl get nodes命令查看node1和node2是否加入进来了，如果状态是NotReady，可以执行kubectl get pod -A查看各个pod的状态是否READY，一般5分钟左右就好了。

4、安装KubeSphere前置环境
4.1参考文档：nfs安装教程

4.2 安装metrics-server（集群指标监控组件）

这里其实在安装kubesphere的时候也会自动安装，但是容易下载失败，所以这里提前手动安装。

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
  ---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
  name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - metrics.k8s.io
    resources:
      - pods
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  ---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
      - nodes
      - nodes/stats
      - namespaces
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  ---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server-auth-reader
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: metrics-server
    namespace: kube-system
  ---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: metrics-server
    namespace: kube-system
  ---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:metrics-server
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: metrics-server
    namespace: kube-system
  ---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
    - name: https
      port: 443
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: https
  selector:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  ---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      containers:
        - args:
            - --cert-dir=/tmp
            - --kubelet-insecure-tls
            - --secure-port=4443
            - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
            - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
          #这里可以自己把metrics-server做到自己的阿里云镜像里面，并把下面替换成自己的镜像地址
          image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/metrics-server:v0.4.3
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /livez
              port: https
              scheme: HTTPS
            periodSeconds: 10
          name: metrics-server
          ports:
            - containerPort: 4443
              name: https
              protocol: TCP
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /readyz
              port: https
              scheme: HTTPS
            periodSeconds: 10
          securityContext:
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 1000
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-dir
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: metrics-server
      volumes:
        - emptyDir: {}
          name: tmp-dir
  ---
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: APIService
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
  group: metrics.k8s.io
  groupPriorityMinimum: 100
  insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
  service:
    name: metrics-server
    namespace: kube-system
  version: v1beta1
  versionPriority: 100

验证metrics-server是否安装成功：

执行命令：kubectl get pod -A,查看metrics-server是否Running。
执行命令: kubectl top nodes,查看集群所有节点的cpu和内存资源使用情况。
执行命令：kubectl top pods -A,查看所有命名空间的pod的资源使用情况。
至此，kubeSphere的前置工作已完成！

4、安装kubeSphere

https://kubesphere.io/zh/docs/v3.3/installing-on-kubernetes/introduction/overview/

4.1 下载核心文件，若下载不了，可以直接从下面的链接中复制

https://www.yuque.com/leifengyang/oncloud/gz1sls#EbmTY

yum install -y  wget

wget https://github.com/kubesphere/ks-installer/releases/download/v3.1.1/kubesphere-installer.yaml

wget https://github.com/kubesphere/ks-installer/releases/download/v3.1.1/cluster-configuration.yaml

yum install -y vim 

vim cluster-configuration.yaml
 #修改spec.etcd.monitoring的值为true
 #修改spec.etcd.endpointIps的值为master节点的内网ip
 #修改spec.common.redis.enabled的值为true
 #修改spec.common.openldap的值为true,开启轻量级目录协议
 #修改spec.alerting.enabled的值为true
 #修改spec.auditing.enabled的值为true
 #修改spec.devops.enabled的值为true
 #修改spec.events.enabled的值为true
 #修改spec.logging.enabled的值为true
 #修改spec.network.networkpolicy.enabled的值为true
 #修改spec.network.ippool.type的值为calico
 #修改spec.openpitrix.store.enabled的值为true，开启应用商店
 #修改spec.servicemesh.enabled的值为true,开启微服务治理功能
 #修改spec.kubeedge.enabled的值为true,开启边缘服务，可以不打开，体验不到

4.2 执行安装命令

kubectl apply -f kubesphere-installer.yaml

kubectl apply -f cluster-configuration.yaml

验证：执行kubectl get pod -A,查看ks-installer是否Runnig，大概3分钟左右会Running。

4.3 查看安装进度,大概15分钟

kubectl logs -n kubesphere-system $(kubectl get pod -n kubesphere-system -l app=ks-install -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -f

在master节点执行kubectl get pod -A,等所有的pod都是正常运行之后再访问。

拓展：

如何确定pod是拉取镜像慢？还是其他原因导致的pod起不来呢？

kubectl describe pod -n kubesphere-monitoring-system(名称空间) alertmanager-main-1（pod名字）

查看日志，如果最后一行卡在Pulling image “prom/alertmanager:v0.21.0”,这种等就行了。如果不是，就查看具体原因，分析后再处理。

这里注意：prometheus-k8s-0会Bind etcd的时候失败

kubectl describe pod -n kubesphere-monitoring-system prometheus-k8s-0

解决etcd监控证书找不到的问题：再等5分钟左右

kubectl -n kubesphere-monitoring-system create secret generic kube-etcd-client-certs  --from-file=etcd-client-ca.crt=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt  --from-file=etcd-client.crt=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt  --from-file=etcd-client.key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key