云服务器-异地部署集群服务-Kubernetes(K8S)-Kubeadm安装方式-完整篇
一、前言云服务器,在跨区域安装Kubernetes(K8S)集群服务时,会将内网IP注册进集群,导致节点间网络不通有三种方案解决:绑定弹性网卡二进制安装虚拟网卡+kubeadm安装1.1 绑定弹性网卡**方案:**服务器绑定弹性网卡,网卡绑弹性IP,集群时,直接绑定此IP,然后再注册集群即可这种方式部分主机不支持安装,比如我买的抢占式实例。如果你的云主机支持的话,建议直接上弹...
文章目录
一、前言
此方法安装集群后,无法再添加控制节点,不推荐使用。
请看下篇文章:
云服务器-异地部署集群服务-Kubernetes(K8S)-Kubeadm-外部ETCD服务-多master节点-安装篇
1.0 问题
云服务器,在跨区域安装Kubernetes(K8S)集群服务时,会将内网IP注册进集群,导致节点间网络不通
有三种方案解决:
- 绑定弹性网卡
- 二进制安装
- 虚拟网卡+
kubeadm
安装
1.1 绑定弹性网卡
方案: 服务器绑定弹性网卡,网卡绑弹性IP,集群时,直接绑定此IP,然后再注册集群即可
这种方式部分主机不支持安装,比如我买的抢占式实例。
如果你的云主机支持的话,建议直接上弹性网卡,省得麻烦
1.2 二进制安装
方案: 配置中指定公网和私网IP
这种方式非常繁琐,需要配置各种证书,需要的朋友可以看我第一篇博客
云服务器-异地部署集群服务-Kubernetes(K8S)-网络篇
1.3 虚拟网卡+kubeadm
安装
方案: 虚拟一张网卡,IP用当前节点的公网IP,然后使用此IP注册进集群
这种方案比二进制安装简单很多,不过仍然需要修改一些配置
本文讲第3种安装方式
二、 准备(所有节点)
此步骤参考尚硅谷的视频
以系统版本centos7.6
版本为例
2.1 调整内核参数
cat > k8s.conf <<EOF
#开启网桥模式
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
#开启转发
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
##关闭ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
EOF
cp k8s.conf /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
2.2 调整系统时区
# 设置系统时区为 中国/上海
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
# 将当前的UTC时间写入硬件时钟
timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
# 重启依赖于系统时间的服务
systemctl restart rsyslog
systemctl restart crond
2.3 关闭系统不需要的服务
#关闭邮件服务
systemctl stop postfix && systemctl disable postfix
2.4 设置rsyslogd
和systemd journald
默认有两个日志服务,使用journald
关闭rsyslogd
mkdir /var/log/journal # 持久化保存日志的目录
mkdir /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d
cat > /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/99-prophet.conf <<EOF
[Journal]
# 持久化
Storage=persistent
# 压缩历史日志
Compress=yes
SysnIntervalSec=5m
RateLimitInterval=30s
RateLimitBurst=1000
# 最大占用空间 10G
SystemMaxUse=10G
# 单日志文件最大 200M
SystemMaxFileSize=200M
# 日志保存时间 2 周
MaxRetentionSec=2week
# 不将日志转发到 syslog
ForwardToSyslog=no
EOF
systemctl restart systemd-journald
2.5 ipvs
前置条件准备
ipvs
转发效率比iptables
更高,看上去也比iptables
舒服
# step1
modprobe br_netfilter
# step2
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
# step3
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
2.6 Docker
安装
# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# Step 2: 添加软件源信息
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# Step 3: 更新并安装Docker-CE
yum makecache fast
yum -y install docker-ce
# Step 4: 开启Docker服务
systemctl start docker
# 创建 `/etc/docker`目录
mkdir -p /etc/docker
# 配置 `daemon`
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
}
}
EOF
# 启动docker
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker
2.7 关闭swap分区
swapoff -a
2.8 Kubeadm
、Kubelet
、Kubectl
安装
# 添加源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
# 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
# 设置为开机自启
systemctl enable kubelet
2.9 云服务器控制面板打开相应端口
-
10250/10260
TCP
端口:给kube-schedule
、kube-controll
,kube-proxy
、kubelet
等使用 -
6443
TCP
端口:给kube-apiserver
使用 -
2379
2380
2381
TCP
商品:ETCD
使用 -
8472
UDP
端口:vxlan
使用端口
三、安装
3.1 建立虚拟网卡(所有节点)
# step1 ,注意替换你的公网IP进去
cat > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1 <<EOF
BOOTPROTO=static
DEVICE=eth0:1
IPADDR=你的公网IP
PREFIX=32
TYPE=Ethernet
USERCTL=no
ONBOOT=yes
EOF
# step2 如果是centos8,需要重启
systemctl restart network
# step3 查看新建的IP是否进去
ip addr
3.2 修改kubelet
启动参数(重点,所有节点都要操作)
# 此文件安装kubeadm后就存在了
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
# 注意,这步很重要,如果不做,节点仍然会使用内网IP注册进集群
# 在末尾添加参数 --node-ip=公网IP
# Note: This dropin only works with kubeadm and kubelet v1.11+
[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
# This is a file that "kubeadm init" and "kubeadm join" generates at runtime, populating the KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS variable dynamically
EnvironmentFile=-/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
# This is a file that the user can use for overrides of the kubelet args as a last resort. Preferably, the user should use
# the .NodeRegistration.KubeletExtraArgs object in the configuration files instead. KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS should be sourced from this file.
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/kubelet
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS --node-ip=47.74.22.13
3.3 使用kubeadm
初始化主节点(主节点)
如果网络问题,不能下载相关镜像
请先手动导入!!!
# 主节点相关镜像
[root@master images]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.18.0 43940c34f24f 4 weeks ago 117MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager v1.18.0 d3e55153f52f 4 weeks ago 162MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler v1.18.0 a31f78c7c8ce 4 weeks ago 95.3MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.18.0 74060cea7f70 4 weeks ago 173MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.2 80d28bedfe5d 2 months ago 683kB
k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.6.7 67da37a9a360 3 months ago 43.8MB
k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.4.3-0 303ce5db0e90 6 months ago 288MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.11.0-amd64 ff281650a721 15 months ago 52.6MB
# step1 添加配置文件,注意替换下面的IP
cat > kubeadm-config.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.18.0
apiServer:
certSANs: #填写所有kube-apiserver节点的hostname、IP、VIP
- master #请替换为hostname
- 47.74.22.13 #请替换为公网
- 175.24.19.12 #请替换为私网
- 10.96.0.1 #不要替换,此IP是API的集群地址,部分服务会用到
controlPlaneEndpoint: 47.74.22.13:6443 #替换为公网IP
networking:
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
--- 将默认调度方式改为ipvs
apiVersion: kubeproxy-config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
featureGates:
SupportIPVSProxyMode: true
mode: ipvs
EOF
# step2 如果是1核心或者1G内存的请在末尾添加参数(--ignore-preflight-errors=all),否则会初始化失败
# 同时注意,此步骤成功后,会打印,两个重要信息
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml
# 信息1 上面初始化成功后,将会生成kubeconfig文件,用于请求api服务器,请执行下面操作
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# 信息2 此信息用于后面工作节点加入主节点使用
kubeadm join 47.74.22.13:6443 --token sdfs.dsfsdfsdfijdth \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:sdfsdfsdfsdfsdfsdfsdfsdfg9a460f44b118050091245c1d
3.4 修改kube-apiserver
参数(主节点)
# 修改两个信息,添加--bind-address和修改--advertise-address
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
annotations:
kubeadm.kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver.advertise-address.endpoint: 47.74.22.13:6443
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
component: kube-apiserver
tier: control-plane
name: kube-apiserver
namespace: kube-system
spec:
containers:
- command:
- kube-apiserver
- --advertise-address=47.74.22.13 #修改为公网IP
- --bind-address=0.0.0.0 #添加此参数
- --allow-privileged=true
- --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC
- --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
- --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction
- --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true
- --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
- --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt
- --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key
- --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379
- --insecure-port=0
- --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.crt
- --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.key
- --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
- --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.crt
- --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.key
- --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client
- --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt
- --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-
- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group
- --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
- --secure-port=6443
- --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub
- --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12
- --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt
- --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key
image: k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.18.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 8
httpGet:
host: 175.24.19.12
path: /healthz
port: 6443
scheme: HTTPS
initialDelaySeconds: 15
timeoutSeconds: 15
name: kube-apiserver
resources:
requests:
cpu: 250m
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
name: ca-certs
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /etc/pki
name: etc-pki
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/pki
name: k8s-certs
readOnly: true
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
volumes:
- hostPath:
path: /etc/ssl/certs
type: DirectoryOrCreate
name: ca-certs
- hostPath:
path: /etc/pki
type: DirectoryOrCreate
name: etc-pki
- hostPath:
path: /etc/kubernetes/pki
type: DirectoryOrCreate
name: k8s-certs
status: {}
3.5 工作节点加入集群(工作节点)
如果网络问题,不能下载相关镜像
请先手动导入!!!
## 工作节点相关镜像
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.18.0 43940c34f24f 4 weeks ago 117MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.2 80d28bedfe5d 2 months ago 683kB
k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.6.7 67da37a9a360 3 months ago 43.8MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.11.0-amd64 ff281650a721 15 months ago 52.6MB
# 需要虚拟IP和kubelet启动参数都改成功后,再执行
kubeadm join 47.74.22.13:6443 --token sdfs.dsfsdfsdfijdth \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:sdfsdfsdfsdfsdfsdfsdfsdfg9a460f44b118050091245c1d
3.6 检查是否加入集群(主节点)
# 成功后,INTERNAL-IP均显示公网IP
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes -o wide
3.7 修改flannel
文件并安装(主节点)
# 下载flannel的yaml配置文件
# 共修改两个地方,一个是args下,添加
args:
- --public-ip=$(PUBLIC_IP) # 添加此参数,申明公网IP
- --iface=eth0 # 添加此参数,绑定网卡
# 然后是env下
env:
- name: PUBLIC_IP #添加环境变量
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: status.podIP
...略
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --public-ip=$(PUBLIC_IP) # 添加此参数,申明公网IP
- --iface=eth0 # 添加此参数,绑定网卡
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: PUBLIC_IP #添加环境变量
valueFrom: #
fieldRef: #
fieldPath: status.podIP #
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
... 略
#创建flannel
kubectl apply -f flannel.yaml
3.8 检查网络是否连通(主节点)
# 检查pod是否都是ready状态
kubectl get pods -o wide --all-namespaces
...
# 手动创建一个pod
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
# 查看pod的ip
kubectl get pods -o wide
# 主节点或其它节点,ping一下此ip,看看是否能ping通
# 没有的话,查看2.9章节中说明的端口是否打开
3.9 手动开启配置,开启ipvs
转发模式(主节点)
# 前面都成功了,但是有时候默认并不会启用`IPVS`模式,那就手动修改一下,只修改一处
# 修改后,如果没有及时生效,请删除kube-proxy,会自动重新创建,然后使用ipvsadm -Ln命令,查看是否生效
# ipvsadm没有安装的,使用yum install ipvsadm安装
kubectl edit configmaps -n kube-system kube-proxy
---
apiVersion: v1
data:
config.conf: |-
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
clientConnection:
acceptContentTypes: ""
burst: 0
contentType: ""
kubeconfig: /var/lib/kube-proxy/kubeconfig.conf
qps: 0
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
configSyncPeriod: 0s
conntrack:
maxPerCore: null
min: null
tcpCloseWaitTimeout: null
tcpEstablishedTimeout: null
detectLocalMode: ""
enableProfiling: false
healthzBindAddress: ""
hostnameOverride: ""
iptables:
masqueradeAll: false
masqueradeBit: null
minSyncPeriod: 0s
syncPeriod: 0s
ipvs:
excludeCIDRs: null
minSyncPeriod: 0s
scheduler: ""
strictARP: false
syncPeriod: 0s
tcpFinTimeout: 0s
tcpTimeout: 0s
udpTimeout: 0s
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: ""
mode: "ipvs" # 如果为空,请填入`ipvs`
nodePortAddresses: null
oomScoreAdj: null
portRange: ""
showHiddenMetricsForVersion: ""
udpIdleTimeout: 0s
winkernel:
enableDSR: false
networkName: ""
...
3.10 移除虚拟网卡
注意: 此步骤,可以不执行,因为实测不移除,节点间的网络也通了,如果是centos8
网络不通,再执行下面的操作,移除虚拟虚拟网卡
# 移除虚拟网卡
mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0\:1 /root/
# 重启
reboot
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