安装和使用nfs

安装和配置nfs服务器

首先，我们需要准备一个 NFS 服务器来提供存储服务。可以使用一个现有的 NFS 服务器或者自己搭建一个。

# 在 Ubuntu 上安装 NFS 服务器
apt update
apt install nfs-kernel-server

创建共享目录

mkdir /root/nfs

编辑 /etc/exports文件,配置共享目录

echo "/root/nfs *(insecure,rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)" >> /etc/exports

# 重新加载 NFS 配置
exportfs -a
# 启动 NFS 服务
systemctl start nfs-kernel-server
systemctl enable nfs-kernel-server

使用nfs

pod内直接使用nfs

创建pod描述yaml文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
    - image: nginx
      name: nginx
      volumeMounts:
        - name: html
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  volumes:
    - name: html
      nfs:
        server: 10.206.16.4   #nfs服务器的ip
        path: /root/nfs/nginx #nfs共享目录,目录必须存在,否则pod创建会失败

pod创建成功后，在nfs服务器的/root/nfs/nginx目录下创建一个index.html文件，然后进入pods里nginx容器里挂载目录下也可以看到相关文件

nfs StorageClass

使用StorageClass可以根据PVC动态的创建PV，减少管理员手工创建PV的工作。安装nfs大体分下面3步

1. 创建 RBAC 的权限控制文件

vim rbac.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  namespace: dev #这里的namespace可根据自己的需求修改,但与下面的namespace需保持一致
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    namespace: dev
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  namespace: dev
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  namespace: dev
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    namespace: dev
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

#创建namespace
kubectl create namespace dev
#应用rbac资源文件
kubectl apply -f rbac.yaml

2. 部署NFS-Subdir-External-Provisioner

vim deploy.yaml

注意修改下面配置文件中的server ip和path路径

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  namespace: dev
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nfs-client-provisioner
  strategy:
    type: Recreate        #设置升级策略为删除再创建(默认为滚动更新)
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-client-provisioner
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner  #上一步创建的ServiceAccount名称
      containers:
        - name: nfs-client-provisioner
          image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/mydlq/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.0
          volumeMounts:
            - name: nfs-client-root
              mountPath: /persistentvolumes
          env:
            - name: PROVISIONER_NAME  # Provisioner的名称,以后设置的storageclass要和这个保持一致
              value: storage-nfs
            - name: NFS_SERVER        # NFS服务器地址,需和valumes参数中配置的保持一致
              value: 10.206.16.5
            - name: NFS_PATH          # NFS服务器数据存储目录,需和valumes参数中配置的保持一致
              value: /root/nfs
            - name: ENABLE_LEADER_ELECTION
              value: "true"
      volumes:
        - name: nfs-client-root
          nfs:
            server: 10.206.16.5        # NFS服务器地址
            path: /root/nfs        # NFS共享目录

kubectl apply -f deploy.yaml

3. 创建 NFS StorageClass

vim nfs-storageclass.yaml

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  namespace: dev
  name: nfs-storage
  annotations:
    storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "false"  ## 是否设置为默认的storageclass
provisioner: storage-nfs                                   ## 动态卷分配者名称，必须和上面创建的deploy中环境变量“PROVISIONER_NAME”变量值一致
parameters:
  archiveOnDelete: "true"                                 ## 设置为"false"时删除PVC不会保留数据,"true"则保留数据

kubectl apply -f nfs-storageclass.yaml

查看创建的nfs存储类

kubectl get sc

下面是使用nfs存储类动态创建pv的一个示例

vim nginx.yaml

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-pvc
spec:
  accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
  storageClassName: "nfs-storage"
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 10Mi
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: www
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
        - name: www
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: nfs-pvc

查看pvc/pv

进入pod容器nginx挂载的目录上，创建一个文件，在nfs服务器的目录下也可查看到

---

---

---

安装和使用ingress

ingress也是k8s里的一种资源，默认k8s是不带ingress的，需要我们单独安装，在 Kubernetes 中，有很多不同的 Ingress 控制器可以选择，例如 Nginx、Traefik、HAProxy、Envoy 等等。不同的控制器可能会提供不同的功能、性能和可靠性，可以根据实际需求来选择合适的控制器，下面以Nginx Ingress Controller为示例

安装文档

安装ingress

安装过程很简单，先获取下面的文件，然后对文件中关于镜像和Service.ingress-nginx-controller的type修改即可，具体步骤如下

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v1.8.2/deploy/static/provider/cloud/deploy.yaml

cat deploy.yaml |grep image:

需要修改镜像的位置有3个地方，将文件中上面位置的内容修改为下面的内容

第一个镜像时将前面的仓库源和镜像名都改了,版本号不变，哈希值删除。第二三两个镜像只需将仓库源地址修改，哈希值删除即可

#修改前
image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.8.2@sha256:74834d3d25b336b62cabeb8bf7f1d788706e2cf1cfd64022de4137ade8881ff2
image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v20230407@sha256:543c40fd093964bc9ab509d3e791f9989963021f1e9e4c9c7b6700b02bfb227b
image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v20230407@sha256:543c40fd093964bc9ab509d3e791f9989963021f1e9e4c9c7b6700b02bfb227b

#修改后
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:v1.8.2
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-webhook-certgen:v20230407
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-webhook-certgen:v20230407

然后就是修改文件中Service.ingress-nginx-controller的type的值，默认为LoadBalancer,vim查找一下LoadBalancer即可，将LoadBalancer修改为NodePort

修改完成后应用文件

kubectl apply -f deploy.yaml

查看查看资源创建情况

kubectl get all -n ingress-nginx

ingress的简单使用

先创建一个test.yaml,用来描述service和deployment,下面是文件内容

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: hello-server
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: hello-server
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: hello-server
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-demo
  name: nginx-demo
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-demo
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-demo
  name: nginx-demo
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx-demo
  ports:
  - port: 8000
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: hello-server
  name: hello-server
spec:
  selector:
    app: hello-server
  ports:
  - port: 8000
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80

创建ingress-test.yaml文件用来代理上面的service

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-test
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - host: "nginx.com"
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Prefix
        path: "/"
        backend:
          service:
            name: nginx-demo
            port:
              number: 8000
  - host: "hello.com"
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Prefix
        path: "/hello"  # 把请求会转给下面的服务，下面的服务一定要能处理这个路径，不能处理就是404
        backend:
          service:
            name: hello-server
            port:
              number: 8000

创建ingress资源

kubectl apply -f ingress-test.yaml 

查看创建的ingress资源

kubectl get ing

访问nginx.com代理的服务

成功访问

访问hello.com代理的服务

报错404，因为hello.com代理的hello-server服务对应的pod没有hello的请求路径，我们修改一下,进入到hello-server的pod，在/usr/share/nginx/html下新建一个hello的文件

先查看pod名

进入pod并创建文件

访问ingress

结语

写这些，仅记录自己学习使用k8s的过程。如果有什么错误的地方，还请大家批评指正。最后，希望小伙伴们都能有所收获。