二进制方式部署k8s集群（实践）

二进制部署Kubernetes (二进制部署k8s) 是一种手动安装和配置Kubernetes集群的方法，适用于那些对Kubernetes架构和组件有深入了解的高级用户和管理员。

一个迷人的混蛋2.0

1769人浏览 · 2023-07-24 15:16:13

一个迷人的混蛋2.0 · 2023-07-24 15:16:13 发布

前言

Kubeadm降低部署门槛，但屏蔽了很多细节，遇到问题的时候很难排查。如果想更容易可控，推荐使用二进制包部署Kubernetes集群，虽然手动部署麻烦了点，但是部署期间可以学习很多工作原理，也利于后期维护。

k8s集群控制节点，对集群进行调度管理，接受集群外用户去集群从中请求。

master节点上的主要组件包括：

1、kube-apiserver：集群控制的入口，提供HTTP REST服务，同时交给etcd存储，提供认证、授权、访问控制、API注册和发现等机制。

2、kube-controller-manager：Kubernetes集群中所有的资源对象的自动化控制中心，管理集群中藏柜后台任务，一个资源对应一个控制器。

3、kube-scheduler：负责Pod的调度，选择node节点应用部署。

4、etcd数据库（也可以安装在单独的服务器上）：存储系统，用于保存集群中的相关数据。

node节点上的主要组件包括：

1、kubelet：master派到node节点代表，管理本机容器；一个集群中每个节点上运行的代理，它保证容器都运行在Pod中，负责维护容器的生命周期，同时也负责Volume（CSI）和网络（CNI）的管理。

2、kube-proxy：提供网络代理，负载均衡等操作。

3、容器运行环境（Container runtime）如docker，容器运行环境是负责运行容器的软件

一、二进制部署环境准备

1.1 前期环境准备

软件	版本
操作系统	CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
容器引擎	Docker version 20.10.21, build baeda1f
Kubernetes	Kubernetes V1.20.15

本次部署是单 master服务器：

角色	IP	组件
k8s-master1	192.168.176.140	kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，etcd
k8s-node1	192.168.176.141	kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，etcd
k8s-node2	192.168.176.142	kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，etcd

1.2 操作系统初始化配置(所有节点执行)

关闭系统防火墙，selinux和swap分区

# 关闭系统防火墙
# 临时关闭
systemctl stop firewalld
# 永久关闭
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux
# 永久关闭
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  
# 临时关闭
setenforce 0 

# 关闭swap
# 临时关闭
swapoff -a   
# 永久关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

修改主机名并写入hosts中

# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master1
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2

# 添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.176.140 k8s-master1
192.168.176.141 k8s-node1
192.168.176.142 k8s-node2
EOF

将桥接的IPV4流量传递到iptables的链，以及时间同步

# 将桥接的IPV4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 
EOF
# 生效
sysctl --system  

# 时间同步
# 使用阿里云时间服务器进行临时同步
yum install ntpdate
ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com

二、部署etcd集群

2.1 etcd简介

etcd 是一个分布式键值对存储系统，由coreos 开发，内部采用 raft 协议作为一致性算法，用于可靠、快速地保存关键数据，并提供访问。通过分布式锁、leader选举和写屏障(write barriers)，来实现可靠的分布式协作。etcd 服务作为 Kubernetes 集群的主数据库，在安装 Kubernetes 各服务之前需要首先安装和启动。

2.2 对应服务器信息

节点名称	IP
etcd-1	192.168.176.140
etcd-2	192.168.176.141
etcd-3	192.168.176.142

本次部署为了节省机器，这里与 k8s 节点复用，也可以部署在 k8s 机器之外，只要 apiserver 能连接到就行。

2.3 cfssl证书生成工具准备

cfssl 是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用 json 文件生成证书。下面操作在k8s-master1节点上进行。

# k8s-master1节点执行

# 创建目录存放cfssl工具
mkdir /software-cfssl

下载cfssl相关工具

# 下载相关工具
# 这些都是可执行文件
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -P /software-cfssl/
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -P /software-cfssl/
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -P /software-cfssl/

给cfssl相关工具赋可执行权限，并复制到对应目录下

cd /software-cfssl/
chmod +x *
cp cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
cp cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
cp cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

2.4 自签证书颁发机构(CA)

（1）创建工作目录

# k8s-master1节点执行
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd ~/TLS/etcd/

（2）生成自签证书CA配置

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "YuMingYu",
            "ST": "YuMingYu"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

（3）生成自签CA证书

# k8s-master1节点执行
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

命令执行完，会生成以下几个相关文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 etcd]# ls
ca-config.json  ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem

2.5 使用自签CA签发etcd https证书

（1）创建证书申请文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "192.168.176.140",
    "192.168.176.141",
    "192.168.176.142",
    "192.168.176.143"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "YuMingYu",
            "ST": "YuMingYu"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

注：192.168.176.143为方便后期扩容预留ip，本次单master部署请忽略。

（2）生成证书

# k8s-master1节点执行
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

查看当前生成的一些相关证书

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 etcd]# ls
ca-config.json  ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem  server.csr  server-csr.json  server-key.pem  server.pem

2.6 下载etcd二进制文件

# 下载etcd二进制文件
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.7 部署etcd集群

以下操作在 k8s-master1 上面操作，为简化操作，待会将 k8s-master1 节点生成的所有文件拷贝到其他节点。

（1）创建工作目录并解压二进制文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
# 将安装包放在~目录下
cd ~
tar -xf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# etcd,etcdctl为可执行文件
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

2.8 创建etcd配置文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.176.140:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.176.140:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.176.140:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.176.140:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.176.140:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.176.141:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.176.142:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

配置说明：

ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一

ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录

ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通讯监听地址

ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址

ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token

ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

2.9 systemd管理etcd

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.10 将master1、node1和node2三台服务器做ssh免密

ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub k8s-master1
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub k8s-node1
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub k8s-node2

2.11 将master1节点所有生成的文件拷贝到node1节点和node2节点

# k8s-master1节点执行
#!/bin/bash
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
for i in {1..2}
do
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.176.14$i:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.176.14$i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
done

查看下master1节点的树形结构

tree /opt/etcd/

查看etcd服务是否显示存在

tree /usr/lib/systemd/system/ | grep etcd

以上两个命令同时在node1和node2两个节点执行，查看下对应的文件是否拷贝成功。

2.12 修改node1节点和node2节点中etcd.conf配置文件

修改其节点名称和当前服务器IP

vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf

# k8s-node1节点执行
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.176.141:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.176.141:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.176.141:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.176.141:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.176.140:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.176.141:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.176.142:2380"  
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf

# k8s-node2节点执行
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.176.142:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.176.142:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.176.142:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.176.142:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.176.140:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.176.141:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.176.142:2380"  
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

2.13 启动etcd并设置开机自启

etcd需要多个节点同时启动，单个启动会卡住。下面每个命令在三台服务器上同时执行。

# k8s-master1、k8s-node1和k8s-node2节点执行
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd

2.14 检查etcd集群状态

执行etcdctl cluster-health，验证etcd是否正确启动

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.176.140:2379,https://192.168.176.141:2379,https://192.168.176.142:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table
+------------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
|           ENDPOINT           | HEALTH |    TOOK     | ERROR |
+------------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://192.168.176.140:2379 |   true |  9.679688ms |       |
| https://192.168.176.142:2379 |   true |  9.897207ms |       |
| https://192.168.176.141:2379 |   true | 11.282224ms |       |
+------------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+

通过执行etcdctl cluster-health，在三个节点进行验证，若都为以上状态，则证明etcd部署完成。

如果和上面的结果不符，可通过下面的命令查看etcd日志，对错误进行排查

less /var/log/message
journalctl -u etcd

三、安装Docker(操作在所有节点执行)

3.1 下载并解压二进制包

cd ~
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
tar -xf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin/

3.2 配置镜像加速

mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

3.3 docker.service配置

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --selinux-enabled=false --insecure-registry=127.0.0.1
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
#TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3.4 启动docker并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
systemctl status docker

查看状态如下：

四、部署master节点

4.1 生成kube-apiserver证书

（1）自签证书(CA)

# k8s-master1节点执行
cd ~/TLS/k8s

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

生成证书：

# k8s-master1节点执行
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

查看生成的证书文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# ls
ca-config.json  ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem

（2）使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver https证书

创建证书申请文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.176.140",
      "192.168.176.141",
      "192.168.176.142",
      "192.168.176.143",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

注：192.168.176.143为后期扩容预留ip，本次单master部署忽略即可。

生成证书：

# k8s-master1节点执行
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

查看生成的证书文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# ls
ca-config.json  ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem  server.csr  server-csr.json  server-key.pem  server.pem

4.2 下载并解压二进制包

下载的 k8s 软件包到服务器上。将 kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager 和 kube-scheduler 文件复制到 /opt/kubernetes/bin 目录。

# k8s-master1节点执行
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.20.15/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

检查是否复制完成

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# tree /opt/kubernetes/bin

[root@k8s-master1 ~]# tree /usr/bin/  | grep  kubectl

4.3 部署kube-apiserver

（1）创建配置文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.176.140:2379,https://192.168.176.141:2379,https://192.168.176.142:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.176.140 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.176.140 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-issuer=api \\
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF

--logtostderr：启用日志，设置为false表示将日志写入文件，不写入stderr。

--v：日志等级。

--log-dir：日志目录。

--etcd-servers：etcd集群地址，指定etcd服务的URL。

--bind-address：监听地址，API Server绑定主机的安全IP地址，设置0.0.0.0表示绑定所有IP地址。

--secure-port：https安全端口，API Server绑定主机的安全端口号，默认为8080。

--advertise-address：集群通告地址。

--allow-privileged：启动授权。

--service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段，Kubernetes集群中Service的虚拟IP地址范围，以

CIDR格式表示，例如10.0.0.0/24，该IP范围不能与物理机的IP地址有重合。

--enable-admission-plugins ：准入控制模块，Kubernetes集群的准入控制设置，各控制模块以插件的形式依次生效。

--authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理。

--enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制。

--token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件。

--service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围，Kubernetes集群中Service可使用的物理机端口号范围，默认值为30000～32767。

--kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书。

--tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书。

1.20版本必须加的参数：

--service-account-issuer、--service-account-signing-key-file

--etcd-xxxfile：连接etcd集群证书。

--audit-log-xxx：审计日志。

启动聚合层网关配置：

--requestheader-client-ca-file、--proxy-client-cert-file、

--proxy-client-key-file、--requestheader-allowed-names、

-requestheader-extra-headers-prefix、--requestheader-group-headers、

--requestheader-username-headers、--enable-aggregator-routing

--storage-backend：指定etcd的版本，从Kubernetes 1.6开始，默认为etcd 3。

（2）拷贝刚才生成的证书

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

（3）启用TLS bootstrapping机制

TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver 启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes 引入了 TLS bootstraping 机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet 会以一个低权限用户自动向 apiserver 申请证书，kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。

创建上述配置文件中 token 文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
4136692876ad4b01bb9dd0988480ebba,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF

格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组

token也可自行生成替换：

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

（4）systemd管理apiserver

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

（5）启动kube-apiserver并设置开机启动

# k8s-master1节点执行
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver 
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver

查看kube-apiserver状态：

4.4 部署kube-controller-manager

（1）创建配置文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF

--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件，设置与API Server连接的相关配置。

--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举(HA)

--cluster-signing-cert-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，apiserver保持一致

--cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，apiserver保持一致

（2）生成kubeconfig文件

[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: LS0t
    server: https://192.168.176.140:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kube-controller-manager
  name: default
current-context: default
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kube-controller-manager
  user:
    client-certificate-data: LS0t
    client-key-data: LS0t

创建证书请求文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s

# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing", 
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

生成 kube-controller-manager 证书：

# 生成证书
# k8s-master1节点执行
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

查看生成的证书文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# ls kube-controller-manager*
kube-controller-manager.csr       kube-controller-manager-key.pem
kube-controller-manager-csr.json  kube-controller-manager.pem

生成 kubeconfig 文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.176.140:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
  --client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-controller-manager \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
# 会生成kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig文件

（3） systemd管理controller-manager

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=kube-apiserver.service
Requires=kube-apiserver.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

查看kube-controller-manager.service服务是否添加成功

ls  /usr/lib/systemd/system/  | grep kube-controller-manager

（4）启动kube-controller-manager并设置开机自启

# k8s-master1节点执行
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager 
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager

查看kube-controller-manager状态

4.5 部署 kube-scheduler

（1）创建配置文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF

[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: LS0t
    server: https://192.168.176.140:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kube-scheduler
  name: default
current-context: default
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kube-scheduler
  user:
    client-certificate-data: LS0t
    client-key-data: LS0t

（2）生成kubeconfig文件

创建证书请求文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s

# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

生成 kube-scheduler 证书：

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

查看生成的证书文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# ls kube-scheduler*
kube-scheduler.csr  kube-scheduler-csr.json  kube-scheduler-key.pem  kube-scheduler.pem

生成 kubeconfig 文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.176.140:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
  --client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-scheduler \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
# 会生成 kube-scheduler.kubeconfig文件

（3）systemd管理scheduler

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=kube-apiserver.service
Requires=kube-apiserver.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

（4）启动kube-scheduler并设置开机启动

# k8s-master1节点执行
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler

查看kube-scheduler状态

至此，Master上所需的服务就全部启动完成。

（5）生成 kubectl 连接集群的证书

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s

cat > admin-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# k8s-master1节点执行
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

查看生成的证书文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# ls admin*
admin.csr  admin-csr.json  admin-key.pem  admin.pem

生成 kubeconfig 文件：

# k8s-master1节点执行
mkdir /root/.kube

KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.176.140:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
  --client-certificate=./admin.pem \
  --client-key=./admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=cluster-admin \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
# 会生成/root/.kube/config文件

（6）通过 kubectl 工具查看当前集群组件状态

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# kubectl get cs

查看状态如上所示，说明master节点部署的组件运行正常。

（7）授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书

# k8s-master1节点执行
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

五、部署Work Node

5.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件

在所有 work node 创建工作目录：

# k8s-master1、k8s-node1和k8s-node2节点执行
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

从 master 节点 k8s-server 软件包中拷贝到所有 work 节点：

# k8s-master1节点执行
#进入到k8s-server软件包目录
#!/bin/bash 
cd ~/kubernetes/server/bin
for i in {0..2}
do
scp kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.176.14$i:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
done

5.2 部署kubelet

（1）创建配置文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master1 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
# 会生成kubelet.kubeconfig文件

--hostname-override：显示名称，集群唯一(不可重复)，设置本Node的名称。

--network-plugin：启用CNI。

--kubeconfig ：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接 apiserver。设置与 API Server 连接的相关配置，可以与 kube-controller-manager 使用的 kubeconfig 文件相同。

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: LS0t
    server: https://192.168.176.140:6443
  name: default-cluster
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: default-cluster
    namespace: default
    user: default-auth
  name: default-context
current-context: default-context
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: default-auth
  user:
    client-certificate: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet-client-current.pem
    client-key: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet-client-current.pem

--bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书。
--config：配置文件参数。
--cert-dir：kubelet证书目录。
--pod-infra-container-image ：管理Pod网络容器的镜像 init container

（2）配置文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local 
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

（3）生成kubelet初次加入集群引导kubeconfig文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.176.140:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="4136692876ad4b01bb9dd0988480ebba" # 与token.csv里保持一致  /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv 

# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --token=${TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
# 会生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件

（4）systemd管理kubelet

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

看下kubelet服务是否创建

[root@k8s-master1 ~]# ls  /usr/lib/systemd/system/  | grep kubelet

（5）启动kubelet并设置开机启动

# k8s-master1节点执行
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl status kubelet

查看kubelet状态：

（6）允许kubelet证书申请并加入集群

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 查看kubelet证书请求
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-_ljl7ZmiNPDjavyhJA6aMJ4bnZHp7WAml3XPEn8BzoM   28s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 允许kubelet节点申请
# node-csr-_ljl7ZmiNPDjavyhJA6aMJ4bnZHp7WAml3XPEn8BzoM是上面生成的
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-_ljl7ZmiNPDjavyhJA6aMJ4bnZHp7WAml3XPEn8BzoM
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-_ljl7ZmiNPDjavyhJA6aMJ4bnZHp7WAml3XPEn8BzoM approved

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 查看申请
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE     SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-_ljl7ZmiNPDjavyhJA6aMJ4bnZHp7WAml3XPEn8BzoM   2m31s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued

查看节点：

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 查看节点
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1   NotReady   <none>   62s   v1.20.15

由于网络插件还没有部署，节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady。

5.3 部署kube-proxy

（1）创建配置文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

（2）配置参数文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master1
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
EOF

（3）创建证书请求文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s

# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

（4）生成kube-proxy证书文件

# 生成证书
# k8s-master1节点执行
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

（5）查看生成的证书文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# ls kube-proxy*
kube-proxy.csr  kube-proxy-csr.json  kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem

（6）生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.54.101:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
  
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
# 会生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

（7）systemd管理kube-proxy

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
Requires=network.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

（8）启动kube-proxy并设置开机自启

# k8s-master1节点执行
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy

查看kube-proxy状态：

5.4 部署网络组件(Calico)

Calico 是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案，是目前 Kubernetes 主流的网络方案。

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/archive/v3.14/manifests/calico.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system

等 Calico Pod 都 Running，节点也会准备就绪。

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get nodes

5.5 授权apiserver访问kubelet

# k8s-master1节点执行
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes
EOF

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

六、新增加Work Node

6.1 把部署好的相关文件复制到新节点

# k8s-master1节点执行
#!/bin/bash 

for i in {1..2}; do scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.176.14$i:/opt/; done

for i in {1..2}; do scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.176.14$i:/usr/lib/systemd/system; done

for i in {1..2}; do scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.176.14$i:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/; done

6.2 删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件

# k8s-node1和k8s-node2节点执行
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

注：删除的文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个 Node 是不同的。

6.3 修改主机名

# k8s-node1和k8s-node2节点执行
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf

# k8s-node1和k8s-node2节点执行
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml

6.4 启动并设置开机自启

# k8s-node1和k8s-node2节点执行
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl status kubelet kube-proxy

查看kubelet kube-proxy状态：

上述命令在node2同样执行，需要显示和上述相同状态才算成功。

6.5 在master上同意新的Node kubelet证书申请

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 查看证书请求
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE    SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-EAPxdWuBmwdb4CJQeWRfDLi2cvzmQZ9VIh3uSgcz1Lk   98s    kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
node-csr-_ljl7ZmiNPDjavyhJA6aMJ4bnZHp7WAml3XPEn8BzoM   79m    kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
node-csr-e2BoSziWYL-gcJ-0BIcXXY1-wmR8YBlojENV6-FpIJU   102s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 同意node加入
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-EAPxdWuBmwdb4CJQeWRfDLi2cvzmQZ9VIh3uSgcz1Lk
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-EAPxdWuBmwdb4CJQeWRfDLi2cvzmQZ9VIh3uSgcz1Lk approved

[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-e2BoSziWYL-gcJ-0BIcXXY1-wmR8YBlojENV6-FpIJU
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-e2BoSziWYL-gcJ-0BIcXXY1-wmR8YBlojENV6-FpIJU approved

6.6 查看Node状态(要稍等会才会变成ready，会下载一些初始化镜像)

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
k8s-master1   Ready    <none>   81m    v1.20.15
k8s-node1     Ready    <none>   98s    v1.20.15
k8s-node2     Ready    <none>   118s   v1.20.15

至此，3 个节点的k8s集群搭建完成。

七、部署Dashboard

7.1 创建kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件

# k8s-master1节点执行
# 创建kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#vim kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.2.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

# 部署
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

查看部署情况：

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

创建 service account 并绑定默认 cluster-admin 管理员集群角色。

# k8s-master1节点执行
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

# k8s-master1节点执行
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin created
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
Name:         dashboard-admin-token-cd77q
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: c713b50a-c11d-4708-9c7b-be7835bf53b9

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1359 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6ImJoMTlpTE1idkRiNHpqcHoxanctaGoxVFRrOU80S1pQaURqbTJnMy1xUE0ifQ.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.BV0LA43Wqi3Chxpz9GCyl1P0C924CZ5FAzFSfN6dNmC0kKEdK-7mPzWhoLNdRxXHTCV-INKU5ZRCnl5xekmIKHfONtC-DbDerFyhxdpeFbsDO93mfH6Xr1d0nVaapMh9FwQM0cOtyIWbBWkXzVKPu8EDVkS-coJZyJoDoaTlHFZxaTx3VkrxK_eLz-a9HfWfEjPVKgCf6XJgOt9y0tcCgAA9DEhpbNbOCTM7dvLD_mIwPm8HIId8-x0jkr4cNQq6wLcULhSPZg4gghYZ8tlLrjixzhYahz4Q1RuhYDCbHKLj4PLltXZTkJ3GHo4upG3ehto7A6zuhKGL21KzDW80NQ

访问地址：https://NodeIP:30425

使用输出的 token 登陆 Dashboard (如访问提示 https 异常，可使用火狐浏览器)

至此，Dashboard和单master节点的k8s集群均部署完成。

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