一，主要分为5个步骤

1，获取驱动
首先下载自己mysql版本的jar包
下载地址：MySQL :: Download Connector/J
将下载好的jar包复制到jdk的安装目录下的jre下的lib下的ext目录下
mysql.5及以下的版本获取驱动是Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
mysql.8及以上的版本获取驱动是Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
2，连接数据库
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0613?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8","root","123");

db0613是自己创建的数据库，root表示数据库用户名，123表示数据库密码

？useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 编码集
3，创建命令执行对象
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
String sqlUpdate = "delete from student where stu_id = 1001";
String sqlQuery = "select * from student";
4，通过执行对象执行SQL语句
statement.executeUpdate(sqlUpdate);  //增删改
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sqlQuery);  //查询
5，释放资源
if(resultSet != null){
  resultSet.close();
}
if(statement != null){
  statement.close();
}
if(connection != null){
  connection.close();
}

 二，具体的代码实现

1，增删改

package com.jdbc.test;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
 * 增删改操作
 */
public class UpdateJdbc {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //加载驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        System.out.println("加载驱动成功");
        //连接数据库
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0613?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8","root","123");
        System.out.println("连接数据库成功");
        //创建命令执行对象
        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
        String sql = "insert into student values(1007,'小春','1','1900-2-2','0','0','0')";
        System.out.println("创建命令执行对象成功");
        //执行对象执行SQL语句
        stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
        System.out.println("执行对象执行SQL语句成功");
        //关闭资源
        if (stmt != null) {
            stmt.close();
            stmt=null;
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            conn.close();
            conn=null;
        }
        System.out.println("关闭资源成功");
    }
}

2，查询

package com.jdbc.test;

import com.jdbc.bean.Student;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 查询操作
 */
public class QueryJdbc {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //加载驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        System.out.println("加载驱动成功");
        //连接数据库
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0613?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8","root","123");
        System.out.println("连接数据库成功");
        //创建命令执行对象
        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
        String sql = "select * from student";

        System.out.println("创建命令执行对象成功");
        //执行对象执行SQL语句
        //ResultSet只保存了一个地址
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
        while (rs.next()) {
            int stu_id = rs.getInt("stu_id");
            String stu_name = rs.getString("stu_name");
            String stu_sex = rs.getString("stu_sex");
            Date stu_both = rs.getDate("stu_both");
            String stu_addr = rs.getString("stu_addr");
            String stu_rec = rs.getString("stu_rec");
            String stu_pwd = rs.getString("stu_pwd");
            Student student = new Student(stu_id,stu_name,stu_sex,stu_both,stu_addr,stu_rec,stu_pwd);
            list.add(student);
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
        System.out.println("执行对象执行SQL语句成功");
        //关闭资源
        if (rs != null) {
            rs.close();
            rs = null;
        }
        if (stmt != null) {
            stmt.close();
            stmt = null;
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            conn.close();
            conn=null;
        }
        System.out.println("关闭资源成功");
    }
}

3，封装后的增删改查

package com.jdbc.dao;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 *
 */
public class BaseDao<E> {
    private static final String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0613?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8";
    private static final String USERNAME = "root";
    private static final String PASSWORD = "123";
    private Connection conn  = null;
    private Statement stmt = null;
    protected ResultSet rs = null;

    //加载驱动，只加载一次
    static {
        try {
            Class.forName(DRIVER);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    //连接数据库
    public void getConn() {
        try {
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL,USERNAME,PASSWORD);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    //创建命令执行对象
    public void getStmt() {
        try {
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    //关闭资源
    public void closeRes() {
        if (rs != null) {
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        if (stmt != null) {
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }

    //增删改
    public void update(String sql) throws Exception {
        getConn();
        getStmt();
        stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
        closeRes();
    }

    //查询
    public List<E> query(String sql) throws SQLException {
        getConn();
        getStmt();
        rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        List<E> list = new ArrayList<>();
        rsList(list);
        closeRes();
        return list;
    }

    public void rsList(List<E> list) throws SQLException {

    }
}

4，具体的实现

package com.jdbc.dao;

import com.jdbc.bean.Student;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

/**
 *
 */
public class StudentDao extends BaseDao<Student>{
    public List<Student> findAll() throws SQLException {
        String sql = "select * from student";
        return super.query(sql);
    }

    public List<Student> findStudentById(String stu_id) throws SQLException {
        String sql = "select * from student where stu_id = "+stu_id+"";
        return super.query(sql);
    }

    public List<Student> addStudent(Student stu) throws SQLException {
        String sql = "insert into student values('"+stu.getStu_id()+"')";
        return super.query(sql);
    }

    @Override
    public void rsList(List<Student> list) throws SQLException {
        while (rs.next()) {
            int stu_id = rs.getInt("stu_id");
            String stu_name = rs.getString("stu_name");
            String stu_sex = rs.getString("stu_sex");
            Date stu_both = rs.getDate("stu_both");
            String stu_addr = rs.getString("stu_addr");
            String stu_rec = rs.getString("stu_rec");
            String stu_pwd = rs.getString("stu_pwd");
            Student student = new Student(stu_id,stu_name,stu_sex,stu_both,stu_addr,stu_rec,stu_pwd);
            list.add(student);
        }
    }
}

5，测试类

package com.jdbc.test;

import com.jdbc.bean.Student;
import com.jdbc.dao.StudentDao;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 测试
 */
public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String sql = "select * from student";
        List<Student> list = new StudentDao().findAll();
        for(Student lists : list){
            System.out.print(lists.getStu_id()+"\t\t");
            System.out.print(lists.getStu_name()+"\t\t");
            System.out.print(lists.getStu_sex()+"\t\t");
            System.out.print(lists.getStu_both()+"\t\t");
            System.out.print(lists.getStu_addr()+"\t\t");
            System.out.print(lists.getStu_rec()+"\t\t");
            System.out.println(lists.getStu_pwd()+"\t\t");
        }

    }
}

6，测试结果