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Kubernetes 版本查阅地址： https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases

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1. 实践环境准备

• 服务器虚拟机准备
  IP地址 节点角色 CPU Memory Hostname
• 192.168.211.11 master and etcd >=2c >=2G master
• 192.168.211.12 worker >=2c >=2G node

本实验我这里用的VM是vmware workstation创建的，每个给了2C 2G 20GB配置，大家根据自己的资 源情况，按照上面给的建议最低值创建即可

注意：hostname不能有大写字母，比如Master这样。

2. 软件版本

• 系统类型：centos 7.4 1708
• 内核版本: Linux 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64
• Kubernetes版 本：v1.18.1
• docker版本：19.03.5
• kubeadm版本：v1.18.1
• kubectl版本：Client Version v1.18.1 Server Versionv1.18.0
• kubelet版本：v1.18.1

3. 初始化操作

3.1 配置hostname

hostnamectl set-hostname master 
hostnamectl set-hostname node

3.2 配置/etc/hosts

cat <<EOF > /etc/hosts 
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 
::1        localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 
192.168.211.11 master 
192.168.211.12 node 
EOF

3.3 关闭防火墙、selinux、swap

setenforce  0
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config

systmectl stop firewalld
systmectl disable firewalld

swapoff -a
sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

3.4 加载br_netfilter

平台CLI检查br_netfilter模块是否已加载，如果模块不可用则退出。需要此模块以启用透明伪装并促进虚拟可扩展LAN（VxLAN）流量，以在整个集群中的Kubernetes Pod之间进行通信。如果需要检查是否已加载，请运行：

$ sudo lsmod|grep br_netfilter
br_netfilter 24576 0 
桥155648 2 br_netfilter，ebtable_broute

如果看到类似于所示的输出，则 br_netfilter模块已加载。内核模块通常在需要时加载，因此不太可能需要手动加载此模块。如有必要，您可以手动加载模块并通过运行以下命令将其添加为永久模块：

sudo modprobe br_netfilter
sudo sh -c 'echo "br_netfilter" > /etc/modules-load.d/br_netfilter.conf'

简而言之，开启内核ipv4转发需要加载br_netfilter模块

3.5 配置内核参数

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
echo "* soft nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft nproc 655360"  >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nproc 655360"  >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft  memlock  unlimited"  >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard memlock  unlimited"  >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "DefaultLimitNOFILE=1024000"  >> /etc/systemd/system.conf
echo "DefaultLimitNPROC=1024000"  >> /etc/systemd/system.conf

执行看下最大文件打开数是否是655360 ，如果不是，尝试重新连接终端。

 ulimit -Hn

3.6 配置CentOS YUM源

配置国内tencent yum源地址、epel源地址、国内Kubernetes源地址

yum install -y wget
rm -rf  /etc/yum.repos.d/*
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/epel-7.repo
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg  
EOF
yum clean all && yum makecache

3.7 安装依赖软件包

yum install  -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat curl iptables libseccomp bash-completion yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 net-tools conntrack-tools vim libtool-ltdl

3.8 时间同步配置

Kubernetes是分布式的，各个节点系统时间需要同步对应上。

yum -y install chrony
systemctl enable chronyd.service && systemctl start chronyd.service && systemctl status chronyd.service
chronyc sources

运行date命令看下系统时间，过一会儿时间就会同步

• 时间如果不同步会遇到什么？

3.9 配置节点间ssh互信

配置ssh互信，那么节点之间就能无密访问，方便日后执行自动化部署

ssh-keygen     # 每台机器执行这个命令， 一路回车即可 
ssh-copy-id  node      # 到master上拷贝公钥到其他节点，这里需要输入 yes和密码

• 如果只是master与其他节点做了互信，会有影响吗？

3.10 初始化环境配置检查

• 重启，做完以上所有操作，最好reboot重启一遍
• ping 每个节点hostname 看是否能ping通
• ssh 对方hostname看互信是否无密码访问成功
• 执行date命令查看每个节点时间是否正确
• 执行 ulimit -Hn 看下最大文件打开数是否是655360
• cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux |grep disabled 查看下每个节点selinux是否都是disabled状态

4.部署docker

4.1 remove旧版本docker

yum remove -y docker docker-ce docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine

4.2 设置docker yum源

yum-config-manager  --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/dockerce.repo

4.3 列出docker版本

yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

4.4 安装docker 指定18.06.1

yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64

4.5 配置镜像加速器和docker数据存放路径

tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{  
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://q2hy3fzi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], 
  "graph": "/tol/docker-data" 
} 
EOF

4.6 启动docker

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker && systemctl status docker

5 安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

这一步是所有节点都得安装（包括node节点）
工具说明

• kubeadm: 部署集群用的命令
• kubelet: 在集群中每台机器上都要运行的组件，负责管理pod、容器的生命周期
• kubectl: 集群管理工具

5.1 yum 安装 并启动

yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

注意：kubelet 服务会暂时启动不了，先不用管它。

6 镜像下载准备

6.1 初始化获取要下载的镜像列表

使用kubeadm来搭建Kubernetes，那么就需要下载得到Kubernetes运行的对应基础镜像，比如：kubeproxy、kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager等等 。那么有什么方法可以得知要下载哪些镜像 呢？从kubeadm v1.11+版本开始，增加了一个kubeadm config print-default 命令，可以让我们方便 的将kubeadm的默认配置输出到文件中，这个文件里就包含了搭建K8S对应版本需要的基础配置环境。另 外，我们也可以执行 kubeadm config images list 命令查看依赖需要安装的镜像列表。

$  kubeadm config images list
W0417 00:57:50.788202  129664 configset.go:202] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io]
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.18.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.18.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.18.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.18.1
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0
k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.7

注意：这个列表显示的tag名字和镜像版本号，从Kubernetes v1.12+开始，镜像名后面不带 amd64, arm, arm64, ppc64le 这样的标识了

6.2 生成默认kubeadm.conf文件

$ kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.conf 

6.3 绕过墙下载镜像方法

注意这个配置文件默认会从google的镜像仓库地址k8s.gcr.io下载镜像，如果你没有科学上网，那么就会 下载不来。因此，我们通过下面的方法把地址改成国内的，比如用阿里的：

sed -i "s/imageRepository: .*/imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers/g" kubeadm.conf

6.4 指定kubeadm安装的Kubernetes版本

sed -i "s/kubernetesVersion: .*/kubernetesVersion: v1.18.1/g" kubeadm.conf

6.5 下载需要用到的镜像

kubeadm.conf修改好后，我们执行下面命令就可以自动从国内下载需要用到的镜像了：

$ kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.conf
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.18.1
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.18.1
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.18.1
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.18.1
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.3-0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.7

自动下载v1.81需要用到的镜像，执行 docker images 可以看到下载好的镜像列表

$ docker images 
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy                v1.18.1             4e68534e24f6        8 days ago          117MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager   v1.18.1             d1ccdd18e6ed        8 days ago          162MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver            v1.18.1             a595af0107f9        8 days ago          173MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause                     3.2                 80d28bedfe5d        2 months ago        683kB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd                      3.4.3-0             303ce5db0e90        5 months ago        288MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns                   1.6.7               67da37a9a360        2 months ago        43.8MB

6.6 docker tag 镜像

镜像下载好后，我们还需要tag下载好的镜像，让下载好的镜像都是带有 k8s.gcr.io 标识的，目前我们从阿 里下载的镜像 标识都是，如果不打tag变成k8s.gcr.io，那么后面用kubeadm安装会出现问题，因为 kubeadm里面只认 google自身的模式。我们执行下面命令即可完成tag标识更换：

$ cat tag.sh 
#!/bin/bash

newtag=k8s.gcr.io
for i in $(docker images | grep -v TAG |awk '{print $1 ":" $2}')
do
   image=$(echo $i | awk -F '/' '{print $3}')
   docker tag $i $newtag/$image
   docker rmi $i
done
$ bash tag.sh

6.7 查看修改tag后的镜像列表

k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy                             v1.18.1             4e68534e24f6        8 days ago          117MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager                v1.18.1             d1ccdd18e6ed        8 days ago          162MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver                         v1.18.1             a595af0107f9        8 days ago          173MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler                         v1.18.1             6c9320041a7b        8 days ago          95.3MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause                     3.2                 80d28bedfe5d        2 months ago        683kB
k8s.gcr.io/coredns                   1.6.7               67da37a9a360        2 months ago        43.8MB
k8s.gcr.io/etcd                      3.4.3-0             303ce5db0e90        5 months ago        288MB

注意：另外节点，重复上面的操作下载即可。

7 部署master节点

7.1 kubeadm init 初始化master节点

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.18.1 --pod-network-cidr=172.22.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.211.11

这里我们定义POD的网段为: 172.22.0.0/16 ，然后api server地址就是master本机IP地址

7.1.1 初始化报错

1.Switch cgroup driver, from cgroupfs to systemd

[root@master ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.18.0 --pod-network-cidr=172.22.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.211.11
W0416 17:58:21.037057   11830 configset.go:202] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io]
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.18.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
	[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
	[ERROR NumCPU]: the number of available CPUs 1 is less than the required 2
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher

解决方法：

$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{  
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],   #添加此行
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://q2hy3fzi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], 
  "graph": "/tol/docker-data" 
} 
$ systemctl restart docker

7.1.2 初始化成功

$ kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.18.0 --pod-network-cidr=172.22.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.211.11
W0416 18:07:20.031658   12701 configset.go:202] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io]
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.18.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.211.11]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [master localhost] and IPs [192.168.211.11 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [master localhost] and IPs [192.168.211.11 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
W0416 18:07:25.968262   12701 manifests.go:225] the default kube-apiserver authorization-mode is "Node,RBAC"; using "Node,RBAC"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
W0416 18:07:25.969958   12701 manifests.go:225] the default kube-apiserver authorization-mode is "Node,RBAC"; using "Node,RBAC"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 20.507370 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.18" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 16l83a.e1tpcgkmze0i3fuy
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
#保存初始化node用到的命令
kubeadm join 192.168.211.11:6443 --token 16l83a.e1tpcgkmze0i3fuy \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:233a3d9c6c0ed466642c08293e0bf2bb217359d414d3ccb0bf25afa1c00b7ca3 

7.2 验证测试

配置kubectl命令

mkdir -p /root/.kube
cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config

获取pods列表命令
其中coredns pod处于Pending状态，这个先不管

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

查看集群的健康状态：

$ kubectl get cs 
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok     

---

8 部署calico网络 （在master上执行）

calico官网
calico详细介绍
calico介绍：Calico是一个纯三层的方案，其好处是它整合了各种云原生平台(Docker、Mesos 与 OpenStack 等)，每个 Kubernetes 节点上通过 Linux Kernel 现有的 L3 forwarding 功能来实现 vRouter 功能。

8.1calico官方镜像 下载、标签修改、删除

docker pull calico/node:v3.1.4
docker pull calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker pull calico/typha:v3.1.4
docker tag calico/node:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/node:v3.1.4
docker tag calico/cni:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker tag calico/typha:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/typha:v3.1.4
docker rmi calico/node:v3.1.4
docker rmi calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker rmi calico/typha:v3.1.4

8.2 下载执行rbac-kdd.yaml文件

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/rbac-kdd.yaml -O
kubectl apply -f rbac-kdd.yaml

8.3 下载、配置calico.yaml文件

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubernetes-datastore/policy-only/1.7/calico.yaml -O

8.4 修改配置

8.4.1 修改ConfigMap

把ConfigMap 下的 typha_service_name 值由none变成 calico-typha

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: calico-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  # You must set a non-zero value for Typha replicas below.
  typha_service_name: "calico-typha"

8.4.2 修改Deployment

设置 Deployment 类目的 spec 下的replicas值

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: calico-typha
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: calico-typha
spec:
  # Number of Typha replicas.  To enable Typha, set this to a non-zero value *and* set the
  # typha_service_name variable in the calico-config ConfigMap above.
  #
  # We recommend using Typha if you have more than 50 nodes.  Above 100 nodes it is essential
  # (when using the Kubernetes datastore).  Use one replica for every 100-200 nodes.  In
  # production, we recommend running at least 3 replicas to reduce the impact of rolling upgrade.
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 2

8.4.3 修改 定义POD网段

我们找到CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR，然后值修改成之前定义好的POD网段，我这里是172.22.0.0/16

- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
  value: "172.22.0.0/16"

8.4.4 开启bird模式

把 CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND 值设置为 bird ，这个值是设置BGP网络后端模式

 - name: CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND
   value: "bird"

8.5 部署calico.yaml文件

上面参数设置调优完毕，我们执行下面命令彻底部署calico

 kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

8.6 查看状态

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

这里calico-typha 没起来，那是因为我们的node 计算节点还没启动和安装。

9 部署node节点

9.1 下载安装镜像（在node上执行）

node上也是需要下载安装一些镜像的，需要下载的镜像为：kube-proxy:v1.13、pause:3.1、caliconode:v3.1.4、calico-cni:v3.1.4、calico-typha:v3.1.4

docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
docker pull calico/node:v3.1.4
docker pull calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker pull calico/typha:v3.1.4

docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kubeproxy:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag calico/node:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/node:v3.1.4
docker tag calico/cni:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker tag calico/typha:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/typha:v3.1.4

docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
docker rmi calico/node:v3.1.4
docker rmi calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker rmi calico/typha:v3.1.4

9.2 把node加入集群里 （kubeadm init 生成）

[root@node ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.211.11:6443 --token 16l83a.e1tpcgkmze0i3fuy \
>     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:233a3d9c6c0ed466642c08293e0bf2bb217359d414d3ccb0bf25afa1c00b7ca3 
W0416 21:07:26.704823   21506 join.go:346] [preflight] WARNING: JoinControlPane.controlPlane settings will be ignored when control-plane flag is not set.
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.18" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

两个节点运行的参数命令一样，运行完后，我们在master节点上运行 kubectl get nodes 命令查看node 是否正常

kubectl get nodes

如何我们忘了保存 kubeadm init 生成的 kubeadm join 命令，可以通过以下命令显示：

$ kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 127.0.0.1:6443 --token fzqdec.hsq4iggqbb1l31mr --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b6f897fa33f2847841c8f1f18045c56e0f33dd2c8476044f82270067a39d96df

到此，集群的搭建完成了90%，剩下一个是搭建dashboard

10 部署dashboard

部署dashboard之前，我们需要生成证书，不然后面会https访问登录不了。

10.1 生成私钥和证书签名请求

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/certs
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/kubernetes/certs
[root@master certs]# ls
[root@master certs]# openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out dashboard.pass.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.................+++
..................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@master certs]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1751 4月  16 21:15 dashboard.pass.key
[root@master certs]# openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in dashboard.pass.key -out dashboard.key
writing RSA key
[root@master certs]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1679 4月  16 21:16 dashboard.key
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1751 4月  16 21:15 dashboard.pass.key
[root@master certs]# rm -rf dashboard.pass.key 
[root@master certs]# openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:
State or Province Name (full name) []:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:
Email Address []:

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@master certs]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  952 4月  16 21:18 dashboard.csr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1679 4月  16 21:16 dashboard.key

生成SSL证书

openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt

dashboard.crt文件是适用于仪表板和dashboard.key私钥的证书。

$  ll /etc/kubernetes/certs/
总用量 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1103 4月  16 21:20 dashboard.crt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  952 4月  16 21:18 dashboard.csr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1679 4月  16 21:16 dashboard.key

创建secret

kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/certs -n kube-system

注意/etc/kubernetes/certs 是之前创建crt、csr、key 证书文件存放的路径

10.2 下载dashboard镜像、tag镜像（在全部节点上）

$ vim dashboard.sh
#!/bin/bash
tag=v2.0.0-rc7
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kubernete/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:$tag
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kubernete/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v$tag k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard:$tag
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kubernete/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:$tag
$ bash dashboard.sh

10. 3 下载 kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 部署文件（在master上执行）

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml -O

10.4 修改配置

10.4.1 修改镜像版本

sed -i "s/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0/kubernetes-dashboard:$tag/g" kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

10.4.2 把Secret 注释

因为上面我们已经生成了密钥认证了，我们用我们自己生成的。

#apiVersion: v1
#kind: Secret
#metadata:
#  labels:
#    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
#  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs	
#  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
#type: Opaque
#
#---

10.4.3 配置443端口映射到外部主机30005上

metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30005  #添加
  type: NodePort     #添加
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

10.5 创建dashboard的pod

  kubectl create -f  kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

10.6 查看服务运行情况

 kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
 kubectl --namespace kubesystem get pods -o wide
 kubectl get services kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system 
 netstat -ntlp|grep 30005

10.7 Dashboard BUG处理

点击跳过

$ vim kube-dashboard-access.yaml
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  labels: 
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

执行让kube-dashboard-access.yaml

 kubectl create -f kube-dashboard-access.yaml

然后重新登录界面刷新下，解决问题，如果产生一下问题。
问题
Server Error 404. It will give you 3 seconds to redirect back to the login page.
Kubernetes dashboard the server could not find the requested resource

问题原因：dashboard版本过低所致。
将dashboard版本升级
Deleted version 1.10.1 and switched to v2.0.0-beta8
然后重新登录界面刷新下。