On an Ubuntu VM (running on Windows) I would like to install Minikube. My PC in running behind a corporate proxy. Using Proxifier I manage to access Internet and run Docker on Ubuntu. Unfortunately it looks like Minikube can't reach the internet...

minikube start
Starting local Kubernetes v1.9.4 cluster...
Starting VM...
Downloading Minikube ISO

The ISO can't be downloaded but it runs into a TLS handshake timeout...

You mentioned you could establish proxy using Proxifier. So, you could possibly try something like this to force Minikube use Proxifier proxy as well

export NO_PROXY="$NO_PROXY,192.168.0.0/16" # set the no_proxy env variable in the current shell.
minikube start --docker-env "HTTPS_PROXY=http://proxy:808" --docker-env "HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy:808" --docker-env "NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16" # start minikube and pass the same no_proxy setting to docker

Specifying 192.168.0.0/16 as the range of ipaddresses that shouldn't go through the proxy as this is the range (I think) that minikube generate it's IP addresses in (and I'm certain that I don't have anything else in that range)

More details is available on Minikube’s Github issue https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/2706