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引言

在现代软件开发中，代码审查(Code Review)是确保代码质量的关键环节。随着AI技术的发展，我们可以利用大型语言模型(LLM)如DeepSeek结合智能IDE如Cursor来构建高效的代码审查工具，显著提高开发效率。本文将指导你从零开始构建这样一个工具。

技术栈概述

• DeepSeek: 强大的开源大语言模型，擅长代码理解与生成
• Cursor: 内置AI功能的智能代码编辑器，基于VSCode构建
• Node.js: 用于构建工具的后端服务
• TypeScript: 提供类型安全的代码实现

第一阶段：环境准备

1.安装必要工具

# 安装Node.js(推荐v18+)
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

# 安装Cursor编辑器
# 从官网下载: https://cursor.sh/

# 安装项目依赖
mkdir code-review-tool && cd code-review-tool
npm init -y
npm install typescript @types/node axios dotenv express @types/express
npx tsc --init

2.配置DeepSeek API访问
创建.env文件并配置API密钥：

DEEPSEEK_API_KEY=your_api_key_here
DEEPSEEK_API_ENDPOINT=https://api.deepseek.com/v1

第二阶段：核心功能实现

1.创建基础项目结构

code-review-tool/
├── src/
│ ├── analyzer/ # 代码分析逻辑
│ ├── models/ # 数据模型定义
│ ├── services/ # 外部服务接口
│ │ └── deepseek.ts # DeepSeek API封装
│ ├── utils/ # 工具函数
│ └── index.ts # 程序入口
├── .env # 环境变量
├── package.json # 项目配置
└── tsconfig.json # TypeScript配置

2.实现DeepSeek服务接口
创建src/services/deepseek.ts文件:

import axios from 'axios';
import dotenv from 'dotenv';

dotenv.config();

const DEEPSEEK_API_KEY = process.env.DEEPSEEK_API_KEY;
const DEEPSEEK_API_ENDPOINT = process.env.DEEPSEEK_API_ENDPOINT;

export class DeepSeekService {
  async analyzeCode(code: string): Promise<string> {
    try {
      const response = await axios.post(
        `${DEEPSEEK_API_ENDPOINT}/chat/completions`,
        {
          model: "deepseek-coder-7b-instruct",
          messages: [
            {
              role: "system",
              content: "You are a professional code reviewer. Analyze the following code and provide detailed feedback on code quality, potential bugs, and improvement suggestions."
            },
            {
              role: "user",
              content: `Please review this code:\n\n${code}`
            }
          ],
          temperature: 0.3,
          max_tokens: 2000
        },
        {
          headers: {
            'Authorization': `Bearer ${DEEPSEEK_API_KEY}`,
            'Content-Type': 'application/json'
          }
        }
      );

      return response.data.choices[0].message.content;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Error calling DeepSeek API:', error);
      throw new Error('Failed to analyze code');
    }
  }
}

3.实现代码分析器
创建src/analyzer/codeAnalyzer.ts文件:

import { DeepSeekService } from '../services/deepseek';
import fs from 'fs/promises';
import path from 'path';

export class CodeAnalyzer {
  private deepseekService: DeepSeekService;
  
  constructor() {
    this.deepseekService = new DeepSeekService();
  }
  
  async analyzeFile(filePath: string): Promise<string> {
    try {
      // 读取文件内容
      const code = await fs.readFile(filePath, 'utf-8');
      const fileExt = path.extname(filePath);
      
      // 通过DeepSeek分析代码
      const analysisPrompt = this.createLanguageSpecificPrompt(code, fileExt);
      const analysis = await this.deepseekService.analyzeCode(analysisPrompt);
      
      return analysis;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`Error analyzing file ${filePath}:`, error);
      throw error;
    }
  }
  
  private createLanguageSpecificPrompt(code: string, fileExt: string): string {
    // 根据文件类型创建特定的分析提示
    const langMap: Record<string, string> = {
      '.js': 'JavaScript',
      '.ts': 'TypeScript',
      '.py': 'Python',
      '.go': 'Go',
      '.java': 'Java',
      '.cpp': 'C++',
      '.cs': 'C#',
      '.php': 'PHP',
      '.rb': 'Ruby'
    };
    
    const language = langMap[fileExt] || 'Unknown';
    return `Please review this ${language} code and provide a detailed analysis including:\n`
      + `1. Code quality assessment\n`
      + `2. Potential bugs or security issues\n`
      + `3. Performance considerations\n`
      + `4. Specific improvement suggestions\n`
      + `5. Best practices compliance\n\n`
      + `Code:\n\`\`\`${fileExt}\n${code}\n\`\`\``;
  }
}

4.创建命令行工具入口
创建src/index.ts作为主入口文件:

import { CodeAnalyzer } from './analyzer/codeAnalyzer';
import path from 'path';

async function main() {
  const args = process.argv.slice(2);
  
  if (args.length < 1) {
    console.log('Usage: npx ts-node src/index.ts <file_path>');
    process.exit(1);
  }
  
  const filePath = path.resolve(args[0]);
  const analyzer = new CodeAnalyzer();
  
  try {
    console.log(`Analyzing file: ${filePath}`);
    const analysis = await analyzer.analyzeFile(filePath);
    
    console.log('\n===== CODE REVIEW RESULTS =====\n');
    console.log(analysis);
    console.log('\n===============================\n');
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Error:', error);
    process.exit(1);
  }
}

main();

第三阶段：与Cursor集成

1.创建Cursor扩展
在Cursor中，我们可以通过创建自定义命令来集成我们的代码审查工具。
在Cursor中，通过以下步骤整合:

1. 打开Cursor首选项
2. 导航至"扩展"部分
3. 创建新的命令绑定

{
  "key": "ctrl+alt+r",
  "command": "workbench.action.terminal.sendSequence",
  "args": {
    "text": "npx ts-node ${workspaceFolder}/code-review-tool/src/index.ts \"${file}\"\n"
  }
}

2.增强功能：添加Web界面
创建src/server.ts文件，实现简单的Web界面:

import express from 'express';
import { CodeAnalyzer } from './analyzer/codeAnalyzer';
import path from 'path';

const app = express();
const port = process.env.PORT || 3000;

app.use(express.json());
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, '../public')));

app.post('/api/analyze', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const { code, language } = req.body;
    
    if (!code) {
      return res.status(400).json({ error: 'No code provided' });
    }
    
    // 创建临时文件进行分析
    const tempFilePath = path.join(__dirname, '../temp', `temp_code${language ? '.' + language : ''}`);
    const analyzer = new CodeAnalyzer();
    
    // 直接分析代码字符串
    const analysisPrompt = `Please review this code:\n\`\`\`${language || ''}\n${code}\n\`\`\``;
    const analysis = await analyzer.analyzeCode(analysisPrompt);
    
    res.json({ analysis });
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Error:', error);
    res.status(500).json({ error: 'Failed to analyze code' });
  }
});

app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Server running at http://localhost:${port}`);
});

创建简单的前端页面public/index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>DeepSeek Code Review Tool</title>
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <style>
    #editor {
      height: 300px;
      border: 1px solid #ddd;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 8px;
    }
    #analysis {
      white-space: pre-wrap;
      max-height: 500px;
      overflow-y: auto;
      padding: 15px;
      background: #f8f9fa;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="container mt-5">
    <h1>DeepSeek Code Review Tool</h1>
    <div class="row mt-4">
      <div class="col-md-12">
        <div class="form-group">
          <label for="language">Language:</label>
          <select id="language" class="form-control">
            <option value="js">JavaScript</option>
            <option value="ts">TypeScript</option>
            <option value="py">Python</option>
            <option value="java">Java</option>
            <option value="go">Go</option>
            <option value="cpp">C++</option>
          </select>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group mt-3">
          <label for="editor">Paste your code:</label>
          <textarea id="editor" class="form-control"></textarea>
        </div>
        <button id="analyzeBtn" class="btn btn-primary mt-3">Analyze Code</button>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row mt-4">
      <div class="col-md-12">
        <h3>Analysis Results:</h3>
        <div id="analysis" class="mt-2">Results will appear here...</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    document.getElementById('analyzeBtn').addEventListener('click', async () => {
      const code = document.getElementById('editor').value;
      const language = document.getElementById('language').value;
      
      if (!code.trim()) {
        alert('Please enter some code to analyze');
        return;
      }
      
      document.getElementById('analysis').textContent = 'Analyzing...';
      
      try {
        const response = await fetch('/api/analyze', {
          method: 'POST',
          headers: {
            'Content-Type': 'application/json'
          },
          body: JSON.stringify({ code, language })
        });
        
        const data = await response.json();
        
        if (response.ok) {
          document.getElementById('analysis').textContent = data.analysis;
        } else {
          document.getElementById('analysis').textContent = `Error: ${data.error}`;
        }
      } catch (error) {
        document.getElementById('analysis').textContent = `Error: ${error.message}`;
      }
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

第四阶段：高级功能扩展

1.批量文件分析
扩展codeAnalyzer.ts以支持批量文件分析:

// 添加到CodeAnalyzer类中
async analyzeDirectory(dirPath: string, fileExtensions: string[] = []): Promise<Record<string, string>> {
  const results: Record<string, string> = {};
  
  try {
    const files = await fs.readdir(dirPath);
    
    for (const file of files) {
      const filePath = path.join(dirPath, file);
      const stats = await fs.stat(filePath);
      
      if (stats.isDirectory()) {
        // 递归分析子目录
        const subResults = await this.analyzeDirectory(filePath, fileExtensions);
        Object.assign(results, subResults);
      } else if (stats.isFile()) {
        const ext = path.extname(file);
        // 如果没有指定扩展名或该文件扩展名在指定列表中
        if (fileExtensions.length === 0 || fileExtensions.includes(ext)) {
          try {
            const analysis = await this.analyzeFile(filePath);
            results[filePath] = analysis;
          } catch (error) {
            results[filePath] = `Error analyzing file: ${error.message}`;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    
    return results;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(`Error analyzing directory ${dirPath}:`, error);
    throw error;
  }
}

2. 代码问题自动修复建议
   增强DeepSeekService类，添加代码修复功能：

// 添加到DeepSeekService类中
async suggestCodeFixes(code: string, issues: string): Promise<string> {
  try {
    const response = await axios.post(
      `${DEEPSEEK_API_ENDPOINT}/chat/completions`,
      {
        model: "deepseek-coder-7b-instruct",
        messages: [
          {
            role: "system",
            content: "You are an expert programmer that helps fix code issues. Provide corrected code snippets based on identified problems."
          },
          {
            role: "user",
            content: `This is the original code:\n\n${code}\n\nThese issues were identified:\n\n${issues}\n\nPlease provide fixed code with explanations for each change:`
          }
        ],
        temperature: 0.2,
        max_tokens: 2000
      },
      {
        headers: {
          'Authorization': `Bearer ${DEEPSEEK_API_KEY}`,
          'Content-Type': 'application/json'
        }
      }
    );

    return response.data.choices[0].message.content;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Error calling DeepSeek API for code fixes:', error);
    throw new Error('Failed to suggest code fixes');
  }
}

3.团队规范集成
创建src/analyzer/teamStandardsChecker.ts集成团队编码规范：

import fs from 'fs/promises';
import path from 'path';
import { DeepSeekService } from '../services/deepseek';

export class TeamStandardsChecker {
  private standards: string = '';
  private deepseekService: DeepSeekService;
  
  constructor(standardsFilePath?: string) {
    this.deepseekService = new DeepSeekService();
    this.loadStandards(standardsFilePath);
  }
  
  private async loadStandards(filePath?: string) {
    try {
      if (filePath) {
        this.standards = await fs.readFile(filePath, 'utf-8');
      } else {
        // 默认标准
        this.standards = `
        - Use meaningful variable and function names
        - Ensure proper error handling
        - Write unit tests for all functions
        - Comment complex logic
        - Follow DRY principle (Don't Repeat Yourself)
        - Maximum line length: 100 characters
        - Proper indentation (2 spaces)
        `;
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Error loading team standards:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }
  
  async checkCompliance(code: string, language: string): Promise<string> {
    try {
      const prompt = `
        Please check if this ${language} code follows our team standards:
        
        Team Standards:
        ${this.standards}
        
        Code to review:
        \`\`\`${language}
        ${code}
        \`\`\`
        
        Provide a detailed analysis of compliance with each standard and suggest specific changes to make the code compliant.
      `;
      
      return await this.deepseekService.analyzeCode(prompt);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Error checking standards compliance:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }
}

第五阶段：部署与使用

1.构建项目

# 编译TypeScript
npx tsc

# 启动服务器
node dist/server.js

2.使用Cursor的AI功能增强代码审查
在Cursor中，可以使用内置AI功能来进一步增强代码审查体验:

1. 按下Ctrl+K打开命令面板
2. 选择"Ask Cursor AI"
3. 输入提示: “Review the current file using DeepSeek best practices”

3.使用快捷键调用代码审查工具
通过之前设置的快捷键Ctrl+Alt+R，在Cursor中对当前文件进行代码审查。

总结

通过本教程，我们成功构建了一个基于DeepSeek和Cursor的智能代码审查工具。该工具具有以下特性：

• 单文件代码质量分析
• 批量代码审查功能
• 代码问题自动修复建议
• 团队编码规范检查
• Web界面支持
• 与Cursor编辑器的无缝集成

随着你的需求增长，可以进一步扩展该工具，例如添加实时协作功能、集成CI/CD流程，或使用更高级的DeepSeek模型进行更专业的分析。

这套工具不仅能提高代码质量，还能帮助团队成员学习最佳实践，提升整个团队的编程水平。