实践：Linux下安装mysql8.0
实践阿里云ESC服务器下载安装mysql8.0
目录
3、mysql5.7以后就没有my.cnf了，所以我们创建一个。（个人觉得方便一些）
前言
为教需要学习怎么使用Linux和安装mysql的朋友特此写的一篇文章。
同时也是为了记录自己的学习脚印。
本人在阿里云买了一台崭新的ESC服务器来写这篇文章
服务器操作系统：Alibaba Cloud Linux 3.2104 64位
一、下载mysql8.0安装包
1、在local创建mysql文件夹
cd /usr/local
mkdir mysql
cd mysql
2、使用wget下载mysql8.0的xz安装包
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
二、解压mysql8.0安装包
1、解压
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
2、重命名解压后的mysql文件夹（名字太长了）
mv mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql8.0
3、创建data存储文件
cd mysql8.0
mkdir data
三、创建用户和用户组，并赋予权限
1、创建用户和用户组
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
2、给用户赋予权限
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql8.0
四、初始化mysql信息
1、切换到mysql8.0安装路径下
Tip：绝对路径：cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql8.0/bin
cd bin
2、初始化mysql基本信息
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql8.0 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql8.0/data/ --initialize
3、获取到临时mysql密码
五、添加mysqld服务到系统
1、将mysqld服务添加到系统中
cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql8.0
cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
2、授权以及添加服务
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql
3、mysql5.7以后就没有my.cnf了，所以我们创建一个。（个人觉得方便一些）
cd /etc
sudo vim my.cnf
# Example MySQL config file for small systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon
# doesn't use much resources.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
#password = k0Ui&wV(Z3yt
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
#配置mysql的文件夹 和 mysql data目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql8.0
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql8.0/data
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16K
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 4
sort_buffer_size = 64K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
net_buffer_length = 2K
thread_stack = 128K
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
server-id = 1
# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
#binlog_format=mixed
# Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be
# written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that
# there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional
# tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM
# t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master.
#binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
*设置my.cnf权限
sudo chmod 664 /etc/my.cnf
4、启动mysql服务（启动服务注意my.cnf文件中配置的3306端口是否被占用）
service mysql start
如果出现下面报错（1）
解决
将/var/lock/subsys/下mysql文件删除
如果出现下面报错（2）
先cat去查看这个err文件，端口占用解决方法
lsof -i tcp:3306
kill 26788
5、查看mysql服务状态
service mysql status
6、将mysql命令添加到服务
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/mysql8.0/bin/mysql /usr/bin
六、登录mysql
1、登录 密码使用之前随机生成的密码
mysql mysql -uroot -p
如果出现以下错误：
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libtinfo.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
执行：
## 软连接出一个新的文件
sudo ln -s /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6.1 /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5
## 执行完上条指令后，重新进行登录即可
./mysql -u root -p
2、修改管理员密码 其中123456是新的密码自己设置
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
3、重新加载缓存，使密码生效
flush privileges;
4、退出mysql，用新密码尝试登录管理员
七、修改mysql配置，使其可以用工具远程登录
mysql -uroot -p123456
use mysql
update user set host='%' where user='root';
// 赋予root全部权限
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%'
如果报错
重新执行：
update user set host='%' where user='root';
再：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
为什么第二遍可以，应该是跟mysql缓存有关。
最后：
flush privileges;
云服务器不能远程连接mysql，解决
如果是买的云服务器，例如：阿里云服务器的，请到设置mysql(3306)安全策略
总结
到此就已经完成了在Linux中mysql8.0的所有安装。希望对大家有所帮助。
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