大家可以看到，我们部署一个简单的java项目，其中包含3个容器：

• MySQL
• Nginx
• Java项目
  而稍微复杂的项目，其中还会有各种各样的其它中间件，需要部署的东西远不止3个。如果还像之前那样手动的逐一部署，就太麻烦了。

而Docker Compose就可以帮助我们实现多个相互关联的Docker容器的快速部署。它允许用户通过一个单独的 docker-compose.yml 模板文件（YAML 格式）来定义一组相关联的应用容器。

基本语法

docker-compose.yml文件的基本语法可以参考官方文档：
https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/

docker-compose文件中可以定义多个相互关联的应用容器，每一个应用容器被称为一个服务（service）。由于service就是在定义某个应用的运行时参数，因此与docker run参数非常相似。
举例来说，用docker run部署MySQL的命令如下：

docker run -d \
  --name mysql \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123 \
  -v ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
  -v ./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
  -v ./mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d \
  --network hmall
  mysql

如果用docker-compose.yml文件来定义，就是这样：

version: "3.8"

services:
  mysql:
    image: mysql
    container_name: mysql
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123
    volumes:
      - "./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d"
      - "./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql"
    networks:
      - new
networks:
  new:
    name: hmall

对比如下：

明白了其中的对应关系，相信编写docker-compose文件应该难不倒大家。

商城部署文件：

version: "3.8"

services:
  mysql:
    image: mysql
    container_name: mysql
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123
    volumes:
      - "./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d"
      - "./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql"
      - "./mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d"
    networks:
      - hm-net
  hmall:
    build: 
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: hmall
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    networks:
      - hm-net
    depends_on:
      - mysql
  nginx:
    image: nginx
    container_name: nginx
    ports:
      - "18080:18080"
      - "18081:18081"
    volumes:
      - "./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
      - "./nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html"
    depends_on:
      - hmall
    networks:
      - hm-net
networks:
  hm-net:
    name: hmall

基础命令

编写好docker-compose.yml文件，就可以部署项目了。常见的命令：
https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/

基本语法如下：

docker compose [OPTIONS] [COMMAND]

其中，OPTIONS和COMMAND都是可选参数，比较常见的有：

教学演示：

# 1.进入root目录
cd /root

# 2.删除旧容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa)

# 3.删除hmall镜像
docker rmi hmall

# 4.清空MySQL数据
rm -rf mysql/data

# 5.启动所有, -d 参数是后台启动
docker compose up -d
# 结果：
[+] Building 15.5s (8/8) FINISHED
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                    0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 358B                                                    0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                       0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                         0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/openjdk:11.0-jre-buster             15.4s
 => [1/3] FROM docker.io/library/openjdk:11.0-jre-buster@sha256:3546a17e6fb4ff4fa681c3  0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                       0.0s
 => => transferring context: 98B                                                        0.0s
 => CACHED [2/3] RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && echo   0.0s
 => CACHED [3/3] COPY hm-service.jar /app.jar                                           0.0s
 => exporting to image                                                                  0.0s
 => => exporting layers                                                                 0.0s
 => => writing image sha256:32eebee16acde22550232f2eb80c69d2ce813ed099640e4cfed2193f71  0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/root-hmall                                           0.0s
[+] Running 4/4
 ✔ Network hmall    Created                                                             0.2s
 ✔ Container mysql  Started                                                             0.5s
 ✔ Container hmall  Started                                                             0.9s
 ✔ Container nginx  Started                                                             1.5s

# 6.查看镜像
docker compose images
# 结果
CONTAINER           REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            SIZE
hmall               root-hmall          latest              32eebee16acd        362MB
mysql               mysql               latest              3218b38490ce        516MB
nginx               nginx               latest              605c77e624dd        141MB

# 7.查看容器
docker compose ps
# 结果
NAME                IMAGE               COMMAND                  SERVICE             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS
hmall               root-hmall          "java -jar /app.jar"     hmall               54 seconds ago      Up 52 seconds       0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp
mysql               mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   mysql               54 seconds ago      Up 53 seconds       0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp
nginx               nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   nginx               54 seconds ago      Up 52 seconds       80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:18080-18081->18080-18081/tcp, :::18080-18081->18080-18081/tcp

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