集群方式

一主两从

安装方式

本次使用kubeam

环境准备

准备3台2核2G(最低要求), 操作系统为ubuntu22.04的物理机(虚拟机也可以)

主域名解析

同时在3台机子上进行下列操作, ip地址改成自己的,使用ifconfig命令查看

sudo vim /etc/hosts

# 下列列表粘贴到文件中
# 这里仅供测试使用, 企业用dns服务器
192.168.40.135 master
192.168.40.136 node1
192.168.40.137 node2

网络时间同步

需要保证3台机器上的时间是同步的, 这里我们使用Chrony,
Chrony是一个开源自由的网络时间协议 NTP 的客户端和服务器软软件。它能让计算机保持系统时钟与时钟服务器（NTP）同步，因此让你的计算机保持精确的时间，Chrony也可以作为服务端软件为其他计算机提供时间同步服务。

# 下载
sudo apt install chrony

# 启动
sudo systemctl start chronyd
sudo systemctl enable chronyd

# 显示当前时间
date

关闭系统服务

为了防止机器之间的请求被防火墙拦截, 需要把3台机器的防火墙都关了(这里是为了省事, 测试环境中使用, 上线时请开放对应所需端口), 另外我们要把iptables也关了

# 关闭防火墙
sudo ufw disable

# 关闭iptables
sudo iptables -F

sudo iptables -X

sudo iptables -Z

sudo iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT

sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

sudo modprobe -r ip_tables

禁用swap分区

旧版本的k8s需要关掉swap分区, 1.28 版开始支持swap,所以1.28版本往后可以不用管

sudo vim /etc/fstab

# 注释掉有关swap的那一行

修改linux的内核参数

sudo vim /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
# 将以下内容插入
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip-forward = 1

# 重新加载配置
sudo sysctl -p

# 加载网桥过滤模块
sudo modprobe br_netfilter

# 查看网桥过滤模块是否加载成功
lsmod | grep br_netfilter

配置ipvs的功能

sudo apt install ipset ipvsadm

# 配置ipvsadm 添加模块
sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << EOF
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
EOF

# 创建加载模块脚本
cat << EOF | tee ipvs.sh
#!/bin/sh
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

# 执行脚本
sudo sh ipvs.sh

# 验证
lsmod | grep ip_vs

重启系统

每台机器都重启一下系统,以使上面配置生效
sudo reboot

Docker

安装

由于docker现在已经被禁用, 这里我们使用国内源下载

# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
# step 2: 安装GPG证书
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
# Step 3: 写入软件源信息
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
# Step 4: 更新并安装Docker-CE
sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce
 
# 安装指定版本的Docker-CE:
# Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本:
# apt-cache madison docker-ce
#   docker-ce | 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
#   docker-ce | 17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
# Step 2: 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION例如上面的17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial)
# sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce=[VERSION]

docker换国内源

sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

目前国内docker还能用的源

{
  "registry-mirrors": [
      "https://docker.m.daocloud.io", 
      "https://noohub.ru", 
      "https://huecker.io",
      "https://dockerhub.timeweb.cloud" 
  ]
}

重启docker, 使其配置生效

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

安装k8s

# 安装基础环境
sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl software-properties-common apt-transport-https curl
sudo curl -s https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
# 执行配置k8s阿里云源  
sudo sh -c "echo 'deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list"

# 执行更新
sudo apt-get update -y
# 安装kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet  
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet=1.23.1-00 kubeadm=1.23.1-00 kubectl=1.23.1-00
# 阻止自动更新(apt upgrade时忽略)。所以更新的时候先unhold，更新完再hold。
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

准备集群镜像

docker在国内拉取所需镜像

#从国内镜像拉取
sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.23.8
sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.8
sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.23.8
sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.23.8
sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6
sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.1-0
sudo docker pull coredns/coredns:1.8.6

docker给镜像打标签

#将拉取下来的images重命名为kubeadm config所需的镜像名字
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.23.8 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.23.8
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.8 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.8
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.23.8 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.23.8
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.23.8 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.23.8
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.1-0 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.1-0
sudo docker tag coredns/coredns:1.8.6 k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.6

以上操作在每台机器上都必须做

部署master

kubeam-config.yaml, 这里advertiseAddress改成自己master的地址

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.40.135
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name: master
  taints: null
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.23.1
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 
scheduler: {}
---
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
cgroupDriver: systemd

启动

sudo kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml

启动完成后执行下列指令

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

coredns如果出现CrashLoopBackOff的错误的解决方案

这里可能会遇到coredns启动不成功的问题

编辑/etc/resolv.conf, 将nameserver后面跟着的地址改成master的地址

网络插件安装

kubectl apply -f flannel.yaml

flannel.yaml

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    k8s-app: flannel
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "EnableNFTables": false,
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
    k8s-app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
        image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.5.1-flannel1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
        image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.25.4
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.25.4
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate

Node 连接主机

sudo kubeadm join 192.168.40.135:6443 --token ijidj9.372c0a4xkbcbbsec --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:62be027a15f6708883177c471428e47378854e536bb8d93cfcc81f33fd147cc8

这个只是示例, master启动完成后会有展示一行类似的命令, copy到从机上运行即可, 如果找不到命令
可在主机上执行sudo kubeadm token create --print-join-command获取命令

结果

在主机上执行下列命令, 如果结果如下图, 则集群已经配成功

kubectl get nodes