0110.Kubeadm.安装k8s1.28
本文详细介绍了如何在Rocky Linux操作系统上，聚焦于基于containerd作为容器运行时的实践，利用kubeadm工具部署Kubernetes 1.28版本集群，并安装dashboard、k9s工具，注册consule服务中心。
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1. 环境准备
1. 操作系统rocky linux 9.3
2. K8S1.28
| K8S集群角色 | IP | 主机名 | 安装的组件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 控制节点 | 192.168.8.21 | k8s-master01 | apiserver、controller-manager、schedule、etcd、kube-proxy、容器运行时 |
| 工作节点 | 192.168.8.22 | k8s-node01 | Kube-proxy、calico、coredns、容器运行时、kubelet |
| 工作节点 | 192.168.8.23 | k8s-node01 | Kube-proxy、calico、coredns、容器运行时、kubelet |
2. 环境搭建
2.1 rocky-k8s-template 网络和主机名配置
# rocky-k8s-template
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl hostname rocky-k8s-template && bash
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl is-active network.service
inactive
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.20/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# reboot
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# ip add show | grep -i ens160
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
inet 192.168.8.20/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# cat /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ens160.nmconnection
[connection]
id=ens160
uuid=435a1f8b-75a9-38c2-ba68-ee4de06d45cb
type=ethernet
autoconnect-priority=-999
interface-name=ens160
timestamp=1705154755
[ethernet]
[ipv4]
address1=192.168.8.20/24,192.168.8.2
dns=8.8.8.8;
method=manual
[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=eui64
method=auto
[proxy]
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
2.2 配置hosts文件
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# echo "192.168.8.21 k8s-master01
192.168.8.22 k8s-node01
192.168.8.23 k8s-node02 " >> /etc/hosts
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.8.21 k8s-master01
192.168.8.22 k8s-node01
192.168.8.23 k8s-node02
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
2.3 关闭swap分区，提升性能
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# more /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 11 08:20:26 2024
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/rl-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=dbc0d512-4e18-4e58-b225-07fd8c9f929f /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/rl-home /home xfs defaults 0 0
#/dev/mapper/rl-swap none swap defaults 0 0
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
2.4 修改机器内核参数
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
2.5 关闭firewalld 和 Selinux
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl --now disable firewalld
Removed "/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service".
Removed "/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service".
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl is-active firewalld.service
inactive
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# reboot
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
2.6 配置阿里云源和安装基本软件包
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
-e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux|g' \
-i.bak \
/etc/yum.repos.d/rocky-*.repo
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# more /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky-addons.repo
[highavailability]
name=Rocky Linux $releasever - High Availability
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.rockylinux.org/mirrorlist?arch=$basearch&repo=HighAvailability-$releasever$rltype
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/HighAvailability/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
countme=1
metadata_expire=6h
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Rocky-9
[highavailability-debug]
name=Rocky Linux $releasever - High Availability - Debug
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.rockylinux.org/mirrorlist?arch=$basearch&repo=HighAvailability-$releasever-debug$rltype
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/HighAvailability/$basearch/debug/tree/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
metadata_expire=6h
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Rocky-9
[highavailability-source]
name=Rocky Linux $releasever - High Availability - Source
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.rockylinux.org/mirrorlist?arch=source&repo=HighAvailability-$releasever-source$rltype
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/HighAvailability/source/tree/
--更多--(21%)
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf makecache
Rocky Linux 9 - BaseOS 2.2 kB/s | 4.1 kB 00:01
Rocky Linux 9 - BaseOS 313 kB/s | 2.2 MB 00:07
Rocky Linux 9 - AppStream 1.3 MB/s | 7.4 MB 00:05
Rocky Linux 9 - Extras 1.8 kB/s | 14 kB 00:07
元数据缓存已建立。
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
# 直接装就行了
dnf install -y device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 wget net-tools nfs-utils
dnf install -y lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libxml2-devel openssl-devel
dnf install -y curl curl-devel unzip sudo ntp libaio-devel wget vim
dnf install -y ncurses-devel autoconf automake zlib-devel python-devel epel-release
dnf install -y openssh-server socat ipvsadm conntrack telnet ipvsadm yum-utils
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
添加仓库自：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
2.7 配置安装k8s组件需要的阿里云repo源
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
2.8 配置时间同步
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf install -y chrony
Docker CE Stable - x86_64 16 kB/s | 33 kB 00:02
Kubernetes 287 B/s | 454 B 00:01
Kubernetes 473 B/s | 2.6 kB 00:05
导入 GPG 公钥 0x13EDEF05:
Userid: "Rapture Automatic Signing Key (cloud-rapture-signing-key-2022-03-07-08_01_01.pub)"
指纹: A362 B822 F6DE DC65 2817 EA46 B53D C80D 13ED EF05
来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
导入 GPG 公钥 0xDC6315A3:
Userid: "Artifact Registry Repository Signer <artifact-registry-repository-signer@google.com>"
指纹: 35BA A0B3 3E9E B396 F59C A838 C0BA 5CE6 DC63 15A3
来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
Kubernetes 1.1 kB/s | 975 B 00:00
导入 GPG 公钥 0x3E1BA8D5:
Userid: "Google Cloud Packages RPM Signing Key <gc-team@google.com>"
指纹: 3749 E1BA 95A8 6CE0 5454 6ED2 F09C 394C 3E1B A8D5
来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
Kubernetes 88 kB/s | 182 kB 00:02
软件包 chrony-4.3-1.el9.x86_64 已安装。
依赖关系解决。
无需任何处理。
完毕！
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# head -n 5 /etc/chrony.conf
# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
# Please consider joining the pool (https://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).
server ntp.aliyun.com iburst
# Use NTP servers from DHCP.
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
2.9 安装并配置contarinerd服务
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf install containerd.io-1.6.6 -y
上次元数据过期检查：0:05:16 前，执行于 2024年01月13日 星期六 22时59分52秒。
依赖关系解决。
===================================================================================================================================
软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
===================================================================================================================================
安装:
containerd.io x86_64 1.6.6-3.1.el9 docker-ce-stable 32 M
事务概要
===================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载：32 M
安装大小：125 M
下载软件包：
containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el9.x86_64.rpm 3.6 MB/s | 32 MB 00:08
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 3.6 MB/s | 32 MB 00:08
Docker CE Stable - x86_64 2.2 kB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
导入 GPG 公钥 0x621E9F35:
Userid: "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"
指纹: 060A 61C5 1B55 8A7F 742B 77AA C52F EB6B 621E 9F35
来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
导入公钥成功
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
准备中 : 1/1
安装 : containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el9.x86_64 1/1
运行脚本: containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el9.x86_64 1/1
验证 : containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el9.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el9.x86_64
完毕！
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# mkdir -p /etc/containerd
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
把SystemdCgroup = false修改成SystemdCgroup = true
把sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6"修改成sandbox_image="registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7"
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# cat > /etc/crictl.yaml <<EOF
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl enable containerd --now
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service.
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
config_path = "/etc/containerd/certs.d"
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# mkdir /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/ -p
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# vim /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml
#写入如下内容：
[host."https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com",host."https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
capabilities = ["pull","push"]
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl restart containerd
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
2.10 安装docker
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf install docker-ce -y
上次元数据过期检查：0:16:58 前，执行于 2024年01月13日 星期六 22时59分52秒。
依赖关系解决。
===================================================================================================================================
软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
===================================================================================================================================
安装:
docker-ce x86_64 3:24.0.7-1.el9 docker-ce-stable 24 M
安装依赖关系:
docker-ce-cli x86_64 1:24.0.7-1.el9 docker-ce-stable 7.1 M
安装弱的依赖:
docker-buildx-plugin x86_64 0.11.2-1.el9 docker-ce-stable 13 M
docker-ce-rootless-extras x86_64 24.0.7-1.el9 docker-ce-stable 3.9 M
docker-compose-plugin x86_64 2.21.0-1.el9 docker-ce-stable 13 M
事务概要
===================================================================================================================================
安装 5 软件包
总下载：60 M
安装大小：252 M
下载软件包：
(1/5): docker-ce-cli-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 786 kB/s | 7.1 MB 00:09
(2/5): docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 997 kB/s | 13 MB 00:13
(3/5): docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 642 kB/s | 3.9 MB 00:06
(4/5): docker-ce-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 1.1 MB/s | 24 MB 00:20
(5/5): docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 1.6 MB/s | 13 MB 00:08
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 2.8 MB/s | 60 MB 00:21
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
准备中 : 1/1
安装 : docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64 1/5
运行脚本: docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64 1/5
安装 : docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64 2/5
运行脚本: docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64 2/5
安装 : docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 3/5
运行脚本: docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 3/5
安装 : docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 4/5
运行脚本: docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 4/5
安装 : docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 5/5
运行脚本: docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 5/5
验证 : docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64 1/5
验证 : docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 2/5
验证 : docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 3/5
验证 : docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 4/5
验证 : docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64 5/5
已安装:
docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64 docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64
docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64
完毕！
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl enable docker --now
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# echo '{
"registry-mirrors":["https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}' > /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# more /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors":["https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","
https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.
com"]
}
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl restart docker
2.11 安装初始化K8s软件包
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf install docker-ce -y
上次元数据过期检查：0:16:58 前，执行于 2024年01月13日 星期六 22时59分52秒。
依赖关系解决。
===================================================================================================================================
软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
===================================================================================================================================
安装:
docker-ce x86_64 3:24.0.7-1.el9 docker-ce-stable 24 M
安装依赖关系:
docker-ce-cli x86_64 1:24.0.7-1.el9 docker-ce-stable 7.1 M
安装弱的依赖:
docker-buildx-plugin x86_64 0.11.2-1.el9 docker-ce-stable 13 M
docker-ce-rootless-extras x86_64 24.0.7-1.el9 docker-ce-stable 3.9 M
docker-compose-plugin x86_64 2.21.0-1.el9 docker-ce-stable 13 M
事务概要
===================================================================================================================================
安装 5 软件包
总下载：60 M
安装大小：252 M
下载软件包：
(1/5): docker-ce-cli-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 786 kB/s | 7.1 MB 00:09
(2/5): docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 997 kB/s | 13 MB 00:13
(3/5): docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 642 kB/s | 3.9 MB 00:06
(4/5): docker-ce-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 1.1 MB/s | 24 MB 00:20
(5/5): docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 1.6 MB/s | 13 MB 00:08
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 2.8 MB/s | 60 MB 00:21
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
准备中 : 1/1
安装 : docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64 1/5
运行脚本: docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64 1/5
安装 : docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64 2/5
运行脚本: docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64 2/5
安装 : docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 3/5
运行脚本: docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 3/5
安装 : docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 4/5
运行脚本: docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 4/5
安装 : docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 5/5
运行脚本: docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 5/5
验证 : docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64 1/5
验证 : docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 2/5
验证 : docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 3/5
验证 : docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 4/5
验证 : docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64 5/5
已安装:
docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64 docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64
docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64 docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64
完毕！
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl enable docker --now
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# echo '{
"registry-mirrors":["https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}' > /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# more /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors":["https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","
https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.
com"]
}
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf install -y kubelet-1.28.1 kubeadm-1.28.1 kubectl-1.28.1
上次元数据过期检查：0:02:16 前，执行于 2024年01月13日 星期六 23时17分45秒。
依赖关系解决。
===================================================================================================================================
软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
===================================================================================================================================
安装:
kubeadm x86_64 1.28.1-0 kubernetes 11 M
kubectl x86_64 1.28.1-0 kubernetes 11 M
kubelet x86_64 1.28.1-0 kubernetes 21 M
安装依赖关系:
cri-tools x86_64 1.26.0-0 kubernetes 8.6 M
kubernetes-cni x86_64 1.2.0-0 kubernetes 17 M
事务概要
===================================================================================================================================
安装 5 软件包
总下载：68 M
安装大小：290 M
下载软件包：
(1/5): 3f5ba2b53701ac9102ea7c7ab2ca6616a8cd5966591a77577585fde1c434ef74-cri-tools-1.26.0-0.x86_64. 1.0 MB/s | 8.6 MB 00:08
(2/5): 2e9cd5948c00117eb7bb23870ecc7c550c63bebe9d7e96c2879727a96f16d9f3-kubeadm-1.28.1-0.x86_64.rp 906 kB/s | 11 MB 00:12
(3/5): 29fac258a278e5eceae13f53eb196fb17f29c5d4df1f130b79070efdf1d44ded-kubectl-1.28.1-0.x86_64.rp 902 kB/s | 11 MB 00:12
(4/5): e4eb1fb2afc8e3bf3701b8c2d1e1aff5d1b6112c4993f4068d9eb4058c5394a1-kubelet-1.28.1-0.x86_64.rp 2.0 MB/s | 21 MB 00:10
(5/5): 0f2a2afd740d476ad77c508847bad1f559afc2425816c1f2ce4432a62dfe0b9d-kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-0.x86 1.4 MB/s | 17 MB 00:11
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 2.8 MB/s | 68 MB 00:24
Kubernetes 3.3 kB/s | 2.6 kB 00:00
导入 GPG 公钥 0x13EDEF05:
Userid: "Rapture Automatic Signing Key (cloud-rapture-signing-key-2022-03-07-08_01_01.pub)"
指纹: A362 B822 F6DE DC65 2817 EA46 B53D C80D 13ED EF05
来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
导入公钥成功
导入 GPG 公钥 0xDC6315A3:
Userid: "Artifact Registry Repository Signer <artifact-registry-repository-signer@google.com>"
指纹: 35BA A0B3 3E9E B396 F59C A838 C0BA 5CE6 DC63 15A3
来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
导入公钥成功
Kubernetes 1.2 kB/s | 975 B 00:00
导入 GPG 公钥 0x3E1BA8D5:
Userid: "Google Cloud Packages RPM Signing Key <gc-team@google.com>"
指纹: 3749 E1BA 95A8 6CE0 5454 6ED2 F09C 394C 3E1B A8D5
来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
导入公钥成功
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
准备中 : 1/1
安装 : kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-0.x86_64 1/5
安装 : kubelet-1.28.1-0.x86_64 2/5
安装 : kubectl-1.28.1-0.x86_64 3/5
安装 : cri-tools-1.26.0-0.x86_64 4/5
安装 : kubeadm-1.28.1-0.x86_64 5/5
运行脚本: kubeadm-1.28.1-0.x86_64 5/5
验证 : cri-tools-1.26.0-0.x86_64 1/5
验证 : kubeadm-1.28.1-0.x86_64 2/5
验证 : kubectl-1.28.1-0.x86_64 3/5
验证 : kubelet-1.28.1-0.x86_64 4/5
验证 : kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-0.x86_64 5/5
已安装:
cri-tools-1.26.0-0.x86_64 kubeadm-1.28.1-0.x86_64 kubectl-1.28.1-0.x86_64 kubelet-1.28.1-0.x86_64 kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-0.x86_64
完毕！
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]#
2.12 模版制作完成
做好快照
链接克隆k8s-master01节点虚拟机
链接克隆k8s-node01节点虚拟机
链接克隆k8s-node01节点虚拟机
2.13 个性化修改k8s-master01
1. 修改主机名、ip、配置主机间免密登录
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# hostnamectl hostname k8s-master01 && bash
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.21/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
root@k8s-master01 ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:xT2LsFhmujlLh5G9hdby6GrA5nSBSw0NNEIbrKBxU4E root@k8s-master01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| o++*+ |
|o E+... . . |
|o+.. + = o o |
|o o oO * . o |
| o .=.S + . |
| * .* * |
| + o* + . |
| ...= |
| .o.. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# ssh-copy-id k8s-master01
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'k8s-master01 (192.168.8.21)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:yiAsdeU/IZl0MnnicAdE9OYKCRLeQ1yUFt1J8yKrAfo.
This host key is known by the following other names/addresses:
~/.ssh/known_hosts:1: k8s-node01
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@k8s-master01's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'k8s-master01'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# reboot
# 做快照
2.14 个性化修改k8s-node01
1. 修改主机名、ip、配置主机间免密登录
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# hostnamectl hostname k8s-node01 && bash
[root@k8s-node01 ~]#
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.22/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
[root@k8s-node01 ~]#
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:qhxs57BvQwFGEOj+8tOI6mZcVliW7CZ4w66o9a/zjUQ root@k8s-node01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| .o+o . |
|. o= |
|. o.=. |
| o * +. |
|. o = E.S |
| . = ... |
|o B B.+ |
|.O B.Xoo |
|O.o.BB*.. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@k8s-node01 ~]#
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# ssh-copy-id k8s-node01
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'k8s-node01 (192.168.8.22)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:yiAsdeU/IZl0MnnicAdE9OYKCRLeQ1yUFt1J8yKrAfo.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@k8s-node01's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'k8s-node01'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# reboot
# 做快照
2.15 个性化修改k8s-node02
1. 修改主机名、ip、配置主机间免密登录
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# hostnamectl hostname k8s-node02 && bash
[root@k8s-node02 ~]#
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.23/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
[root@k8s-node02 ~]#
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:nRI3t0tgIpB3lhn+U9Gd1pxEsYWoz7jg31uybJEWM74 root@k8s-node02
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| .. .+ .ooB*|
| ....= ..o+*|
| ..o+ =.o .. |
| . B.*+. |
| S ==o= |
| ...oB. |
| . . ooo. |
| . .oE+ |
| ...=. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@k8s-node02 ~]#
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# ssh-copy-id k8s-node02
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'k8s-node02 (192.168.8.23)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:yiAsdeU/IZl0MnnicAdE9OYKCRLeQ1yUFt1J8yKrAfo.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@k8s-node02's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'k8s-node02'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# reboot
# 做快照
2.16 kubeadm 初始化k8s集群
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim kubeadm.yaml
#修改一下配置
advertiseAddress: 192.168.8.21
criSocket: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock #指定containerd容器运行时
name: k8s-master01
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kubernetesVersion: 1.28.1
#添加这个
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
#增加如下配置
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs
---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim kubeadm.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.yaml --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.28.1
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
W0114 00:36:01.648821 2721 checks.go:835] detected that the sandbox image "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7" of the container runtime is inconsistent with that used by kubeadm. It is recommended that using "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9" as the CRI sandbox image.
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.8.21]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.8.21 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.8.21 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 16.505449 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane 18m v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
2.17 扩容k8s集群-添加第一个工作节点
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token cb9i30.s9gpcklxol2ewz3j --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token cb9i30.s9gpcklxol2ewz3j --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
[root@k8s-node01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane 22m v1.28.1
k8s-node01 NotReady <none> 68s v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node01 node-role.kubernetes.io/work=worknode
node/k8s-node01 labeled
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane 28m v1.28.1
k8s-node01 NotReady work 6m54s v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
2.18 扩容k8s集群-添加第二个工作节点
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token cb9i30.s9gpcklxol2ewz3j --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node02 node-role.kubernetes.io/work=worknode
node/k8s-node02 labeled
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane 28m v1.28.1
k8s-node01 NotReady work 6m54s v1.28.1
k8s-node02 NotReady work 3m46s v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
2.19 安装kubernetes网络组件Calico
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-6554b8b87f-2zv9c 0/1 Pending 0 36m
coredns-6554b8b87f-9cv9c 0/1 Pending 0 36m
etcd-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 1 (22m ago) 36m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 1 (22m ago) 36m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 1 (22m ago) 36m
kube-proxy-6d7dr 1/1 Running 0 12m
kube-proxy-br956 1/1 Running 1 (22m ago) 36m
kube-proxy-rdh9g 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 1 (22m ago) 36m
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 11h
kube-node-lease Active 11h
kube-public Active 11h
kube-system Active 11h
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
# 官⽹地址：https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/getting-started/kubernetes/quickstart
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
namespace/tigera-operator created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpfilters.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/caliconodestatuses.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipreservations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/apiservers.operator.tigera.io created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/imagesets.operator.tigera.io created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/installations.operator.tigera.io created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/tigerastatuses.operator.tigera.io created
serviceaccount/tigera-operator created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/tigera-operator created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/tigera-operator created
deployment.apps/tigera-operator created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ls
公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面 anaconda-ks.cfg calico.yaml kubeadm.yaml 'New Folder'
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 11h
kube-node-lease Active 11h
kube-public Active 11h
kube-system Active 11h
tigera-operator Active 84s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n tigera-operator
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
tigera-operator-55585899bf-gq5lq 1/1 Running 0 6m15s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget --no-check-certificate https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/custom-resources.yaml
--2024-01-14 12:27:14-- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/custom-resources.yaml
正在解析主机 raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)... 185.199.109.133, 185.199.110.133, 185.199.108.133, ...
正在连接 raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)|185.199.109.133|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：810 [text/plain]
正在保存至: “custom-resources.yaml”
custom-resources.yaml 100%[=========================================================>] 810 --.-KB/s 用时 0s
2024-01-14 12:27:21 (1.61 MB/s) - 已保存 “custom-resources.yaml” [810/810])
[root@k8s-node01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cp custom-resources.yaml custom-resources.yaml.bak
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim custom-resources.yaml
#更改以下内容
cidr: 10.244.0.0/16 # 更改
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml
installation.operator.tigera.io/default created
apiserver.operator.tigera.io/default created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
calico-system Active 15s
default Active 11h
kube-node-lease Active 11h
kube-public Active 11h
kube-system Active 11h
tigera-operator Active 51m
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# scp calico.yaml root@192.168.8.22:~/
The authenticity of host '192.168.8.22 (192.168.8.22)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:yiAsdeU/IZl0MnnicAdE9OYKCRLeQ1yUFt1J8yKrAfo.
This host key is known by the following other names/addresses:
~/.ssh/known_hosts:1: k8s-master01
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.8.22' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.8.22's password:
calico.yaml 100% 239KB 26.3MB/s 00:00
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# scp calico.yaml root@192.168.8.23:~/
The authenticity of host '192.168.8.23 (192.168.8.23)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:yiAsdeU/IZl0MnnicAdE9OYKCRLeQ1yUFt1J8yKrAfo.
This host key is known by the following other names/addresses:
~/.ssh/known_hosts:1: k8s-master01
~/.ssh/known_hosts:4: 192.168.8.22
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.8.23' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.8.23's password:
calico.yaml 100% 239KB 29.1MB/s 00:00
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
serviceaccount/calico-cni-plugin created
configmap/calico-config created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpfilters.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/caliconodestatuses.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipreservations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-cni-plugin created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-cni-plugin created
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
#* 注意需要良好的网络: 不然可能需要很久才能成功，多等一会儿
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n calico-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-846b7b4574-fs4kk 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 85s
calico-node-gcxdz 0/1 Init:ErrImagePull 0 85s
calico-node-mp7gb 0/1 Init:ImagePullBackOff 0 85s
calico-node-nl4jx 0/1 Init:0/2 0 85s
calico-typha-76977b894c-c2dg2 0/1 ImagePullBackOff 0 85s
calico-typha-76977b894c-tgrmx 0/1 ErrImagePull 0 82s
csi-node-driver-27rll 0/2 ContainerCreating 0 85s
csi-node-driver-4cz4t 0/2 ContainerCreating 0 85s
csi-node-driver-zprng 0/2 ContainerCreating 0 85s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-6554b8b87f-2zv9c 1/1 Running 1 (84m ago) 13h
coredns-6554b8b87f-9cv9c 1/1 Running 1 (84m ago) 13h
etcd-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 3 (84m ago) 13h
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 3 (84m ago) 13h
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 4 (84m ago) 13h
kube-proxy-6d7dr 1/1 Running 2 (84m ago) 12h
kube-proxy-br956 1/1 Running 3 (84m ago) 13h
kube-proxy-rdh9g 1/1 Running 2 (84m ago) 12h
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 4 (84m ago) 13h
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=calico-node --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-node-kkgmc 1/1 Running 0 9m11s
kube-system calico-node-wvds9 1/1 Running 0 9m11s
kube-system calico-node-zqgkw 1/1 Running 0 9m11s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
2.20 master节点安装Dashboard
# 我的主节点解析端口，访问不到，这里采用node1节点scp过去
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
The connection to the server raw.githubusercontent.com was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# wget --no-check-certificate https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
--2024-01-14 13:57:42-- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
正在解析主机 raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)... 185.199.110.133, 185.199.111.133, 185.199.108.133, ...
正在连接 raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)|185.199.110.133|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：7621 (7.4K) [text/plain]
正在保存至: “recommended.yaml”
recommended.yaml 100%[=========================================================>] 7.44K 3.77KB/s 用时 2.0s
2024-01-14 13:57:47 (3.77 KB/s) - 已保存 “recommended.yaml” [7621/7621])
[root@k8s-node01 ~]#
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# scp recommended.yaml root@192.168.8.21:~/
recommended.yaml 100% 7621 4.2MB/s 00:00
[root@k8s-node01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
dashboard-metrics-scraper-5657497c4c-zqqrv 1/1 Running 1 (89s ago) 5m7s 10.244.85.194 k8s-node01 <none> <none>
kubernetes-dashboard-78f87ddfc-rlm7c 1/1 Running 0 5m7s 10.244.58.194 k8s-node02 <none> <none>
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-dashboard ClusterIP 10.99.254.186 <none> 443/TCP 4m44s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard edit service kubernetes-dashboard
# 改这条语句type: NodePort
service/kubernetes-dashboard edited
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.97.79.12 <none> 443:31746/TCP 14m
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl 10.99.254.115:443
Client sent an HTTP request to an HTTPS server.
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.99.254.115 <none> 443:30850/TCP 2m59s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin-rb created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.99.254.115 <none> 443:30850/TCP 2m59s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin-rb created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
没有得到令牌用下面这种方法
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo 'apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin-sa
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard' >> dashboard-admin-sa.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-sa.yaml
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin-sa created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# more dashboard-admin-sa.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin-sa
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo 'apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin-token
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token' >> dashboard-admin-token.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-token.yaml
The Secret "dashboard-admin-token" is invalid: metadata.annotations[kubernetes.io/service-account.name]: Required value
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# more dashboard-admin-token.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin-token
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim dashboard-admin-token.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-token.yaml
secret/dashboard-admin-token created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret dashboard-admin-token -n kubernetes-dashboard -o jsonpath="{.data.token}" | base64 --decode)
echo $TOKEN
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkpyT29ObFhKUzNiVF9tMTBMcF81WE52QUhjYVpPWGQwTnk0UFFVeUZDWDAifQ.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.NkUajc7zmilZkQbjFCzO_3XyfcooB9xeQz64VwI7qwne7ZNmHrrvM8CTstoezFFYgpbHYAzfKpnPIcRi46910FG02KVhxIDE8D9jZI3syOdchVox3iMoTgVp3nMPQV1ILIdRiS7sheEFsTJEkIznRdCkaPajC7NmdIIRce5X77d86Iye6FTOIFNkATnViaELk11TzeU288PEMjfc8WT8yjUc75pWBqCxADgyZU1jCyXfJcR5lRMMQCmc89kpbAL2uMSP44buFLX6t4jGELBIlqlJQ7wqrgBzKmFuEmbf0X2SbylkYM46n7pq8eBttOyg_7SMz52wj4weWru3pZ78w
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
2.21 部署consul注册中心
2.21.1 先拉取镜像
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# crictl pull docker.io/library/consul:1.11.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# crictl images
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# crictl pull docker.io/library/consul:1.11.1
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# crictl images
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# crictl pull docker.io/library/consul:1.11.1
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# crictl images
2.21.2 创建所需文件夹
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/userconfig
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/data
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/userconfig
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/data
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/userconfig
[root@k8s-k8s-node02 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/data
2.21.3 创建命名空间
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create namespace public-service
2.21.4 创建yaml文件
参考文档: https://blog.csdn.net/WuLex/article/details/127738998
# 在k8s-master01节点上 vim public-service-ns.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: public-service
# 在k8s-master01节点上 vim consul-client.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: consul-client-config
namespace: public-service
data:
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: consul
namespace: public-service
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: consul
component: client
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: consul
component: client
spec:
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- key: "component"
operator: In
values:
- client
topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
containers:
- name: consul
image: consul:1.11.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 8500
name: http
- containerPort: 8600
name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 8600
name: dns-udp
protocol: UDP
- containerPort: 8301
name: serflan
- containerPort: 8302
name: serfwan
- containerPort: 8300
name: server
env:
- name: POD_IP
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: status.podIP
- name: NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
args:
- "agent"
- "-advertise=$(POD_IP)"
- "-bind=0.0.0.0"
- "-datacenter=dc1"
- "-config-dir=/consul/userconfig"
- "-data-dir=/consul/data"
- "-disable-host-node-id=true"
- "-domain=cluster.local"
- "-retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
- "-retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
- "-retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
- "-client=0.0.0.0"
resources:
limits:
cpu: "50m"
memory: "32Mi"
requests:
cpu: "50m"
memory: "32Mi"
lifecycle:
preStop:
exec:
command:
- /bin/sh
- -c
- consul leave
volumeMounts:
- name: data
mountPath: /consul/data
- name: user-config
mountPath: /consul/userconfig
volumes:
- name: user-config
configMap:
name: consul-client-config
- name: data
emptyDir: {}
securityContext:
fsGroup: 1000
# volumeClaimTemplates:
# - metadata:
# name: data
# spec:
# accessModes:
# - ReadWriteMany
# storageClassName: "gluster-heketi-2"
# resources:
# requests:
# storage: 10Gi
# 在k8s-master01节点上 vim consul-server.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: consul
namespace: public-service
spec:
rules:
- host: 192.168.8.21
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: consul-ui
servicePort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: consul-ui
namespace: public-service
labels:
app: consul
component: server
spec:
selector:
app: consul
component: server
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 8500
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: consul-dns
namespace: public-service
labels:
app: consul
component: dns
spec:
selector:
app: consul
ports:
- name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
port: 53
targetPort: dns-tcp
- name: dns-udp
protocol: UDP
port: 53
targetPort: dns-udp
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: consul-server
namespace: public-service
labels:
app: consul
component: server
spec:
selector:
app: consul
component: server
ports:
- name: http
port: 8500
targetPort: 8500
- name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
port: 8600
targetPort: dns-tcp
- name: dns-udp
protocol: "UDP"
port: 8600
targetPort: dns-udp
- name: serflan-tcp
protocol: TCP
port: 8301
targetPort: 8301
- name: serflan-udp
protocol: UDP
port: 8301
targetPort: 8302
- name: serfwan-tcp
protocol: TCP
port: 8302
targetPort: 8302
- name: serfwan-udp
protocol: UDP
port: 8302
targetPort: 8302
- name: server
port: 8300
targetPort: 8300
publishNotReadyAddresses: true
clusterIP: None
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: consul-server-config
namespace: public-service
data:
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
metadata:
name: consul-server
namespace: public-service
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: consul
component: server
minAvailable: 2
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: consul-server
namespace: public-service
spec:
serviceName: consul-server
replicas: 3
updateStrategy:
type: RollingUpdate
selector:
matchLabels:
app: consul
component: server
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: consul
component: server
spec:
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- key: "component"
operator: In
values:
- server
topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
containers:
- name: consul
image: consul:1.11.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 8500
name: http
- containerPort: 8600
name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 8600
name: dns-udp
protocol: UDP
- containerPort: 8301
name: serflan
- containerPort: 8302
name: serfwan
- containerPort: 8300
name: server
env:
- name: POD_IP
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: status.podIP
- name: NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
args:
- "agent"
- "-server"
- "-advertise=$(POD_IP)"
- "-bind=0.0.0.0"
- "-bootstrap-expect=3"
- "-datacenter=dc1"
- "-config-dir=/consul/userconfig"
- "-data-dir=/consul/data"
- "-disable-host-node-id"
- "-domain=cluster.local"
- "-retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
- "-retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
- "-retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
- "-client=0.0.0.0"
- "-ui"
resources:
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "128Mi"
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "128Mi"
lifecycle:
preStop:
exec:
command:
- /bin/sh
- -c
- consul leave
volumeMounts:
- name: data
mountPath: /consul/data
- name: user-config
mountPath: /consul/userconfig
volumes:
- name: user-config
configMap:
name: consul-server-config
- name: data
emptyDir: {}
securityContext:
fsGroup: 1000
# volumeClaimTemplates:
# - metadata:
# name: data
# spec:
# accessModes:
# - ReadWriteMany
# storageClassName: "gluster-heketi-2"
# resources:
# requests:
# storage: 10Gi
# 在k8s-master01节点上 vim stafulset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: consul
spec:
serviceName: consul
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: consul
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: consul
spec:
hostNetwork: true
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
volumes:
- name: data-volume
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: consul-data-pvc
- name: config-volume
emptyDir: {}
containers:
- name: consul
image: consul:1.11.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
- "agent"
- "-server"
- "-bootstrap-expect=3"
- "-ui"
- "-data-dir=/consul/data"
- "-bind=0.0.0.0"
- "-client=0.0.0.0"
- "-retry-join=consul-0.consul.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
- "-retry-join=consul-1.consul.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
- "-retry-join=consul-2.consul.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
- "-domain=cluster.local"
- "-disable-host-node-id"
env:
- name: NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
ports:
- containerPort: 8500
name: ui-port
- containerPort: 8443
name: https-port
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /consul/data
name: data-volume
- mountPath: /consul/userconfig
name: config-volume
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8500
initialDelaySeconds: 15
periodSeconds: 10
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8500
initialDelaySeconds: 15
periodSeconds: 10
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: consul-ui
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: consul
role: server
ports:
- name: ui
port: 8500
targetPort: 8500
nodePort: 30003
2.21.5 加载yaml
# 在k8s-master01节点上
kubectl apply -f public-service-ns.yaml
kubectl apply -f consul-server.yaml
kubectl apply -f consul-client.yaml
kubectl apply -f stafulset.yaml
2.21.6 查看
# 在k8s-master01节点上
kubectl get pod -n public-service
kubectl get svc -n public-service
kubectl exec -n public-service consul-server-0 -- consul members
2.2 设置node1节点和node2节点也可以执行master01上面的管理命令
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-node01 ~]#
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-node02 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@192.168.8.22:~/.kube/config
root@192.168.8.22's password:
admin.conf 100% 5648 4.4MB/s 00:00
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@192.168.8.23:~/.kube/config
root@192.168.8.23's password:
admin.conf 100% 5648 5.6MB/s 00:00
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-node01 ~]#
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-node02 ~]#
2.3 k9s工具的使用
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# docker --version
Docker version 24.0.7, build afdd53b
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# docker pull derailed/k9s
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from derailed/k9s
97518928ae5f: Pull complete
4cc49068a57b: Pull complete
7c5d7b7e79a7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2e0df2763f4c5bd52acfd02bb9c8158c91b8b748acbb7df890b9ee39dbeeb61
Status: Downloaded newer image for derailed/k9s:latest
docker.io/derailed/k9s:latest
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# docker run -it --rm -v $HOME/.kube/config:/root/.kube/config derailed/k9s
3. 配置整理
3.1 网络地址和主机名配置
nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.21/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
hostnamectl hostname k8s-master01 && bash
3.2 配置hosts文件
echo "192.168.8.21 k8s-master01
192.168.8.22 k8s-node01
192.168.8.23 k8s-node02 " >> /etc/hosts
3.3 关闭swap分区，提升性能
#临时关闭：
swapoff -a
#永久关闭：注释swap挂载，给swap这行开头加一下注释
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
或者
vim /etc/fstab
#/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
3.4修改机器内核参数
modprobe br_netfilter
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
3.5 关闭firewalld 和 Selinux
systemctl --now disable firewalld
systemctl is-active firewalld.service
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
reoot
getenforce
3.6 配置阿里云源和安装基本软件包
sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
-e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux|g' \
-i.bak \
/etc/yum.repos.d/rocky-*.repo
dnf makecache
dnf install -y device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 wget net-tools nfs-utils
dnf install -y lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libxml2-devel openssl-devel
dnf install -y curl curl-devel unzip sudo ntp libaio-devel wget vim
dnf install -y ncurses-devel autoconf automake zlib-devel python-devel epel-release
dnf install -y openssh-server socat ipvsadm conntrack telnet ipvsadm yum-utils
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
3.7 配置安装k8s组件需要的阿里云repo源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
参考链接：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetesspm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.48031b11SVpN6F
3.8 配置时间同步
yum install -y chrony
vim /etc/chrony.conf
server ntp.aliyun.com iburst
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
systemctl restart chronyd && systemctl enable chronyd
chronyc tracking
3.9 安装并配置contarinerd服务
yum install containerd.io-1.6.6 -y
#生成配置文件
mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
#修改配置文件：
#打开/etc/containerd/config.toml
vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
把SystemdCgroup = false修改成SystemdCgroup = true
把sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6"修改成sandbox_image="registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7"
#创建/etc/crictl.yaml文件
cat > /etc/crictl.yaml <<EOF
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF
#配置 containerd 开机启动，并启动 containerd
systemctl enable containerd --now
#配置containerd镜像加速器，k8s所有节点均按照以下配置：
#编辑vim /etc/containerd/config.toml文件
#找到config_path = ""，修改成如下目录：
config_path = "/etc/containerd/certs.d"
mkdir /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/ -p
vim /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml
#写入如下内容：
[host."https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com",host."https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
capabilities = ["pull","push"]
#重启containerd：
systemctl restart containerd
3.10 安装docker
#docker也要安装，docker跟containerd不冲突，安装docker是为了能基于dockerfile构建
dnf install docker-ce -y
systemctl enable docker --now
#配置docker镜像加速
echo '{
"registry-mirrors":["https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}' > /etc/docker/daemon.json
#重启docker
systemctl restart docker
3.11 安装初始化K8s软件包
yum install -y kubelet-1.28.1 kubeadm-1.28.1 kubectl-1.28.1
systemctl enable kubelet
3.12 模版制作完成
做好快照
链接克隆k8s-master01节点虚拟机
链接克隆k8s-node01节点虚拟机
链接克隆k8s-node01节点虚拟机
3.13 个性化修改k8s-master01
1. 修改主机名、ip，配置主机间免密登录
hostnamectl hostname k8s-master01 && bash
nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.21/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
ssh-keygen #一路回车，不输入密码
ssh-copy-id k8s-master01
#在master01节点上操作
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
#根据我们自己的需求修改配置，比如修改 imageRepository 的值，kube-proxy 的模式为 ipvs，需要注意的是由于我们使用的containerd作为运行时，所以在初始化节点的时候需要指定cgroupDriver为systemd
kubeadm.yaml配置文件如下：
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
。。。
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 192.168.153.21 #控制节点的ip
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock #指定containerd容器运行时
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: k8s-master01 #控制节点主机名
taints: null
---
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
# 指定阿里云镜像仓库地址，这样在安装k8s时，会自动从阿里云镜像仓库拉取镜像
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.28.1 #k8s版本
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 #指定pod网段， 需要新增加这个
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 #指定Service网段
scheduler: {}
#增加如下配置
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs
---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd
#安装
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.yaml --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification
#配置kubectl的配置文件config，相当于对kubectl进行授权，这样kubectl命令可以使用这个证书对k8s集群进行管理
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane 101m v1.28.1
3.14 个性化修改k8s-node01
hostnamectl hostname k8s-node01 && bash
mcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.22/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
ssh-keygen #一路回车，不输入密码
ssh-copy-id k8s-node01
3.15 个性化修改k8s-node02
hostnamectl hostname k8s-node02 && bash
mcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.23/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
ssh-keygen #一路回车，不输入密码
ssh-copy-id k8s-node02
3.16 kubeadm 初始化k8s集群
#在master01节点上操作
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
#根据我们自己的需求修改配置，比如修改 imageRepository 的值，kube-proxy 的模式为 ipvs，需要注意的是由于我们使用的containerd作为运行时，所以在初始化节点的时候需要指定cgroupDriver为systemd
kubeadm.yaml配置文件如下：
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
。。。
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 192.168.8.21 #控制节点的ip
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock #指定containerd容器运行时
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: k8s-master01 #控制节点主机名
taints: null
---
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
# 指定阿里云镜像仓库地址，这样在安装k8s时，会自动从阿里云镜像仓库拉取镜像
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.28.1 #k8s版本
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 #指定pod网段， 需要新增加这个
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 #指定Service网段
scheduler: {}
#增加如下配置
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs
---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd
#安装
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.yaml --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification
#配置kubectl的配置文件config，相当于对kubectl进行授权，这样kubectl命令可以使用这个证书对k8s集群进行管理
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane 101m v1.28.1
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa
3.17 扩容k8s集群-添加第一个工作节点
#master上查看加入节点命令
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token qtg3xo.yrzqc0weyrd4gfxc --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa
#将node1加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token cb9i30.s9gpcklxol2ewz3j --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification
#在master节点查看
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane 107m v1.28.1
k8s-node01 NotReady <none> 13s v1.28.1
#打上work标签
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node01 node-role.kubernetes.io/work=work
node/k8s-node01 not labeled
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane 28m v1.28.1
k8s-node01 NotReady work 6m54s v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
3.18 扩容k8s集群-添加第二个工作节点
#步骤同上，先查看加入集群命令，在打上标签
#master上查看加入节点命令
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token qtg3xo.yrzqc0weyrd4gfxc --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa
#将node1加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token qtg3xo.yrzqc0weyrd4gfxc --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane 108m v1.28.1
k8s-node01 NotReady work 93s v1.28.1
k8s-node02 NotReady <none> 7s v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node02 node-role.kubernetes.io/work=work
node/k8s-node02 labeled
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane 28m v1.28.1
k8s-node01 NotReady work 6m54s v1.28.1
k8s-node02 NotReady work 3m46s v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
3.19 安装kubernetes网络组件Calico
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
kubectl get ns
推荐方法1.# 官⽹地址：https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/getting-started/kubernetes/quickstart
# 直接
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
# 更新或安装GnuTLS库
sudo yum update -y gnutls
kubectl get ns
kubectl get pods -n tigera-operator
修改文件
wget --no-check-certificate https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/custom-resources.yaml
cp custom-resources.yaml custom-resources.yaml.bak
vim custom-resources.yaml
# This section includes base Calico installation configuration.
# For more information, see: https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/reference/installation/api#operator.tigera.io/v1.Installation
apiVersion: operator.tigera.io/v1
kind: Installation
metadata:
name: default
spec:
# Configures Calico networking.
calicoNetwork:
# Note: The ipPools section cannot be modified post-install.
ipPools:
- blockSize: 26
cidr: 10.244.0.0/16 # 更改
encapsulation: VXLANCrossSubnet
natOutgoing: Enabled
nodeSelector: all()
---
# This section configures the Calico API server.
# For more information, see: https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/reference/installation/api#operator.tigera.io/v1.APIServer
apiVersion: operator.tigera.io/v1
kind: APIServer
metadata:
name: default
spec: {}
kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml
kubectl get ns
3.20 master安装Dashboard
github网站: https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/releases
国内gitcode: https://gitcode.com/kubernetes/dashboard
wget --no-check-certificate --secure-protocol=TLSv1_2 https://gitcode.net/mirrors/kubernetes/dashboard/-/raw/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
# maskter节点上Installation
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard -o wide
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
curl https://10.97.79.12:443
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard edit service kubernetes-dashboard
# 改这条语句type: NodePort
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.97.79.12 <none> 443:31746/TCP 14m
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
创建访问用户，获取token
# 创建账号
[root@master-1 ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
# 授权
[root@master-1 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin
# 获取账号token
[root@master ~]# kubectl get secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin
dashboard-admin-token-mfs2w kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 2m35s
[root@master dashboard]# kubectl describe secrets dashboard-admin-token-mfs2w -n kubernetes-dashboard
Name: dashboard-admin-token-mfs2w
Namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 8f657592-6328-4884-bb8a-a50a2d277ed5
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
Data
====
namespace: 20 bytes
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IlJCanJyMTluLWliRXF3aVA1LWRXcWtZbVlxdnhQa1Q5Y1EzT01nY3E1dGMifQ.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.s-g33KYjVWemyAccZ1zY6qNIrtBjuVPZ4bcDnyKiphkfvxD_dHhfljFY_OMGzNZcxanls9ujL_WlQ76au_lGzDrrIx2dRTw4gaHTnP3-c-lywn-deydOB5KC7Rgb7IRag8IShjWyqVSvImhW443Tf12CWEV3EhGx8pXUKrzx03Xytg-uuABbGSevQi1UXR31_iB15Jf_zKxeHcLZjffF8cEKyFPEKwSVFSNg_L3CwgcREGoB1GPplARrDeH0-Bm-x5kyoQljVHcR-KFdLFpnmnkI9p8TJR6Idrc3TP9-TF3xjX6z_W8Xccamz0gFgzi_6h2jvOTfVNTFUBN3ONRtnw
ca.crt: 1099 bytes
[root@master dashboard]#
没有得到令牌用下面这种方法
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo 'apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin-sa
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard' >> dashboard-admin-sa.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-sa.yaml
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin-sa created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# more dashboard-admin-sa.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin-sa
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo 'apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin-token
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token' >> dashboard-admin-token.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-token.yaml
The Secret "dashboard-admin-token" is invalid: metadata.annotations[kubernetes.io/service-account.name]: Required value
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# more dashboard-admin-token.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin-token
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim dashboard-admin-token.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-token.yaml
secret/dashboard-admin-token created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret dashboard-admin-token -n kubernetes-dashboard -o jsonpath="{.data.token}" | base64 --decode)
echo $TOKEN
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkpyT29ObFhKUzNiVF9tMTBMcF81WE52QUhjYVpPWGQwTnk0UFFVeUZDWDAifQ.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.NkUajc7zmilZkQbjFCzO_3XyfcooB9xeQz64VwI7qwne7ZNmHrrvM8CTstoezFFYgpbHYAzfKpnPIcRi46910FG02KVhxIDE8D9jZI3syOdchVox3iMoTgVp3nMPQV1ILIdRiS7sheEFsTJEkIznRdCkaPajC7NmdIIRce5X77d86Iye6FTOIFNkATnViaELk11TzeU288PEMjfc8WT8yjUc75pWBqCxADgyZU1jCyXf-JcR5lRMMQCmc89kpbAL2uMSP44buFLX6t4jGELBIlqlJQ7wqrgBzKmFuEmbf0X2SbylkYM46n7pq8eBttOyg_7SMz52wj4weWru3pZ78w
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
3.21 部署consul注册中心
crictl pull docker.io/library/consul:1.11.1
crictl images
mkdir -p /consul/userconfig
mkdir -p /consul/data
kubectl create namespace public-service
# yaml 文件配置
参考文档: https://blog.csdn.net/WuLex/article/details/127738998
vim public-service-ns.yaml
vim consul-server.yaml
vim consul-client.yaml
vim stafulset.yaml
#
# 在k8s-master01节点上
kubectl apply -f public-service-ns.yaml
kubectl apply -f consul-server.yaml
kubectl apply -f consul-client.yaml
kubectl apply -f stafulset.yaml
# 在k8s-master01节点上
kubectl get pod -n public-service
kubectl get svc -n public-service
kubectl exec -n public-service consul-server-0 -- consul members
3.22 K9S 工具的使用
# 获取k9s镜像
docker pull derailed/k9s
# Kubernetes
docker run -it --rm \
-v $HOME/.kube/config:/root/.kube/config \
derailed/k9s
在本地机器上，Kubernetes 的配置文件通常位于 `~/.kube/config`。这个文件包含了访问集群所需的所有信息（如 API 地址、认证凭据等）。确保这个文件存在并且正确配置。
# 运行 K9S 容器
docker run -it --rm \
-v $HOME/.kube/config:/root/.kube/config \
-e K9S_DEBUG=true \
derailed/k9s
4. 理论知识
4.1 K8S介绍
# 1. 容器集群管理与编排
1.1 管理： 统⼀管理
1.2 编排： 贴合实际业务场景 - ⾃动化场景
# 2. 容器编排引擎
2.1 docker swarm
2.2 apache mesos
2.3 google/CNCF k8s
# 3. k8S基本特点
3.1 做管理
3.2 做编排
3.3 对接容器引擎平台，runtime
# 4. 版本
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases
4.2 K8S基础架构
# 1. K8S架构 不同节点类型
1.1 Master(控制/管理/主节点)
1.2 Node(计算/⼯作节点)
Master / (Worker)Node 两种类型的节点 既可以是虚拟机/也可以是物理机
# 2. Master节点组件：
三⼤必选基础组件
2.1 API-server : 服务⼊⼝
2.2 Controller-Manager: 编排管理
2.3 Scheduler : 控制调度
可以安装其他可选服务组件
etcd - K8S数据库 ｜ 主要⽤来记录K8S相关信息
# 3.worker Node 节点组件：
3.1 Kubelet ：管理容器引擎（容器运⾏时）
3.2 Kube-proxy ： 软件负载均衡器
3.3 pod : K8s最⼩管理单位 ， 在pod内包含容器
3.4 container engine / runtime ： 最终创建容器
# 4. K8S管理⽅式
4.1.命令⾏管理 (最为常⻅)
kubectl - ⼯具
4.2 2.图形化管理
k8s dashboard
4.3 k8S Master主节点组件
# 1.K8s服务必选基础组件
1.1 API-server: 管理服务的统⼀唯⼀⼊⼝ ， ⾃身提供认证，授权，访问控制。可以⽔平扩展，对外暴露，所有的管理请求都发送到API-server，信息记录到etcd，联络Controller-Manager控制管理，联络Scheduler进⾏资源调度。任务下发到worker Node中的kubelet。
1.2 Controller-Manager: 集群控制，编排管理，负责维护K8S集群状态，故障检测，⾃动扩展，滚动更新，处理集群中⼈物，按照预设期望值运⾏。
1.3 Scheduler: 负责资源的控制调度，按照预定调度策略将pod调度到对应的worker Node。
# 2.K8S 数据库 - etcd: 记录K8S相关信息， Key/Value分布式数据库 ｜ 关键字/值
2.1 可以安装在master节点，也可以单独使⽤服务器搭建etcd集群。
2.2 kubeadm安装 - etcd默认安装master节点。
⼆进制安装 - etcd单独安装。
# 3. K8s服务可选组件
3.1. kubelet
3.2. kube-proxy
当采⽤kubeadm安装时, 管理节点组件以pod-容器⽅式部署在管理节点中，拉活pod需要kubelet，管理节点组件对外提供访问需要通过kube-proxy。
3.3 dashboard: 为K8S集群提供 B/S WEB 访问⽅式 （第三⽅WEB⽅式）。
3.4 prometheus: / Heapster: 提供K8S集群监控。
3.5 ELK: 对K8S集群统⼀⽇志监控。
3.6 federation: 提供跨集群，跨DC的多K8S统⼀管理。
3.7 ingress controller: ingress七层代理。
3.8 coredns: 为K8S集群提供域名解析服务。
3.9Flannel:单独为K8S环境提供⽹络规划。
etc ..
# 4. K8S⽀持Master⽔平扩展多节点架构
controller-mananger/scheduler ⾃身⽀持leader选举。
4.4 K8S Worker Node 工作节点组件
# 1. Worker Node ⼯作节点组件
1.1 kubelet: 可以直接和容器引擎进⾏交互，实现对容器的⽣命周期进⾏管理(创建，启动,修改，删除等等), pod接收从API-server发送的管理指令。监控worker node状态信息，上报到api-server。
1.2 kube-proxy: worker节点的反向负载均衡, 负责向worker节点写⼊iptables规则。
1.3 container Engine 容器引擎: docker , rkt , containerd , podman。
# *pod - K8S最⼩管理调度单元，在其内部服务以容器⽅式进⾏发布。
4.5 K8S:与Docker的兼容问题
k8s 1.24版本 正式放弃掉dockershim
docker / dockershim
runtime – 容器运⾏时
shim – 解耦合
containershim
CRI - container runtime interface
dockershim kubernetes社区开发 | K8S 指令 – 转换成 docker指令
CRI-dockerd docker⺟公司开发 ｜ | K8S 指令 – 转换成 docker指令
Runc （docker libcontainer） – 容器标准 – OCI - docker google redhat coreos
runtime标准/镜像标准
4.6 K8S操作对象介绍1-Pod
[root@k8sshiyemaster1 ~]# k8s get pods -n test
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod-alpine 1/1 Running 0 6h26m
[root@k8sshiyemaster1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n test -o wide
1. K8S最⼩管理单元 - pod
2. ⼀个pod中可以创建⼀个或者多个容器，如果⼀个pod创建/发布多个容器，多个容器之间⼀般紧密耦合。
3. 在每个pod中会⾸先发布⼀个pause 容器, 成为根容器, 该容器会⾸选获取k8s资源列表中的⽹络资源以及存储资源。
4. K8s发布完根容器之后，会继续在pod中部署业务容器（应⽤容器）。
5. pod中的所有业务容器和根容器共享IP和数据卷, POD内的容器之间互通可以基于loopback + localhost 互通。
# pod - STATUS
1. Pending 挂起: k8s api server接受到管理员 （kubectl/dashboard）发送到创建指令，api-server通知kubelet, kubelet通知容器引擎/容器运⾏时创建容器, 创建容器需要时间。
2. Running 正常运⾏中: pod已经正常被创建，容器正常运⾏。
3. Succeeded: pod正常终⽌， pod内的所有容器都正常退出，并且也不会再继续⾃动重启。
4. Failed: pod异常终⽌, pod内的容器在退出时属于⾮正常退出, 由系统强制将其退出, 容器可以自动重启。
5. unknow: 未知状态，该状态表示k8s master和worker node之间通信出现了问题。
# Pod异常详细的状态说明
CrashLoopBackOff 容器退出，kubelet正在将它重启
InvalidImageName ⽆法解析镜像名称
ImageInspectError ⽆法校验镜像
ErrImageNeverPull 策略禁⽌拉取镜像
ImagePullBackOff 正在重试拉取
RegistryUnavailable 连接不到镜像中⼼
ErrImagePull 通⽤的拉取镜像出错
CreateContainerConfigError 不能创建kubelet使⽤的容器配置
CreateContainerError 创建容器失败
m.internalLifecycle.PreStartContainer 执⾏hook报错
RunContainerError 启动容器失败
PostStartHookError 执⾏hook报错
ContainersNotInitialized 容器没有初始化完毕
ContainersNotRead 容器没有准备完毕
ContainerCreating 容器创建中
PodInitializing pod 初始化中
DockerDaemonNotReady docker还没有完全启动
NetworkPluginNotReady ⽹络插件还没有完全启动
4.7 K8S操作对象介绍2-label标签
# 标签（Label）是附在kubernetes对象（如pod，deployment等）上的键值对（key-value），可以在创建时指定，也可以在创建后指定。
name: zhangsan
time: 2030
# 标签管理⽤给k8s资源添加⾃定义属性 - 主要⽤来做过滤, ⽅便管理员对不同的资源批量甄别和管理。
# Label的值本身不具备具体含义，但可以通过label来筛选对象特定的⼦集，便于管理。
# 每⼀个对象可以有多个标签。
# 标签由⼀组键值对构成。(key value)
# Label key的组成:
Key值必须是唯⼀的
不得超过63个字符
可以使⽤前缀，使⽤/分隔，前缀必须是DNS⼦域，不得超过253个字符，系统中的⾃动化组件创建的label
必须指定前缀，kubernetes.io/由kubernetes保留
起始必须是字⺟（⼤⼩写都可以）或数字，中间可以有连字符、下划线和点
# Label value的组成：
不得超过63个字符
起始必须是字⺟（⼤⼩写都可以）或数字，中间可以有连字符、下划线和点
4.8 K8S 操作对象介绍3-namespace命令空间
# 命名空间
主要作⽤: 资源隔离 ｜ 资源配额
Kubernetes ⽀持多个虚拟集群，它们底层依赖于同⼀个物理集群。 这些虚拟集群被称为命名空间。
命名空间提供了良好的资源隔离，可以⽤于区分不通的项⽬、⽤户等。如开发测试使⽤的namespace，或者⽣产使⽤的namespace。
# 常⻅namespace
kube-system：kubernetes系统创建对象所使⽤的命名空间。
default：没有指明使⽤其他命名空间的对象所使⽤的默认命名空间。
[root@k8sshiyemaster1 ~]# k8s get ns #查看环境中的命名空间
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 9d
development Active 5m52s
kube-node-lease Active 9d
kube-public Active 9d
kube-system Active 9d
test Active 8d
4.9 K8S操作对象介绍4-Deployment部署
# #Kubernetes管理对象
# ReplicationController（简称RC）
Kubernetes需要管理⼤量的Pod，⽽显⽽易⻅的是通常情况下⼀个应⽤不会以单独的⼀个Pod完成。⽐较常
⻅的情况是使⽤⼤量的Pod组成⼀个简单应⽤。管理这些⼤量的Pod的⼀个⽅式就是RC。
RC可以指定Pod的副本数量，并且在其中有Pod故障时可以⾃动拉起新的Pod，⼤⼤简化了管理难度
# ReplicaSet（简称RS）
ReplicaSet是新⼀代的RC，主要功能和RC⼀样，维持Pod的数量稳定，指定Pod的运⾏位置等，使⽤⽅法
也相似，主要区别是更新了api，⽀持更多功能。
ReplicaSet不建议直接使⽤，⽽是⽤更上层的概念Deployment调⽤ReplicaSet。
# Deployment
⽬前最常⽤的控制器就是Deployment，创建Deployment时也会⾃动创建ReplicaSet。
Deployment可以管理⼀个或多个RS，并且通过RS来管理Pod。
# 从⼩到⼤的管理逻辑
容器<Pod<ReplicaSet<Deployment
# 通常情况下
Pod中包含⼀个容器，或关系特别紧密的⼏个容器。
⼀个ReplicaSet中包含多个相同的Pod。
Deployment中包含⼀个或⼏个不同的RS
4.10 K8S操作对象介绍5-Service服务
Kubernetes Service 定义了这样⼀种抽象：逻辑上的⼀组 Pod，⼀种可以访问它们的策略——通常称为
微服务。 这⼀组 Pod 能够被 Service 访问到，通常是通过 Label Selector实现的。
# Service的实现类型
ClusterIP：提供⼀个集群内部的虚拟IP地址以供Pod访问（默认模式）
NodePort：在Node上打开⼀个端⼝以供外部访问
LoadBalancer：通过外部的负载均衡器来访问
Endpoint Controller 负责维护Service和Pod的对应关系
kube-proxy负责service的实现，即实现了k8s内部从pod到service和外部从node port到service的
访问。
# Endpoint Controller
负责⽣成和维护所有endpoint对象的控制器
负责监听service和对应pod的变化
监听到service被删除，则删除和该service同名的endpoint对象
监听到新的service被创建，则根据新建service信息获取相关pod列表，然后创建对应endpoint对象
监听到service被更新，则根据更新后的service信息获取相关pod列表，然后更新对应endpoint对象
监听到pod事件，则更新对应的service的endpoint对象，将pod IP记录到endpoint中
# iptables 与 ipvs
从k8s的1.8版本开始，kube-proxy引⼊了IPVS模式，IPVS模式与iptables实现⽅式类似，但是采⽤的
hash表，因此当service数量达到⼀定规模时，hash查表的速度优势就会显现出来，从⽽提⾼service的
服务性能。
# CoreDNS service
CoreDNS是⼀个轻量级的DNS服务器，通过插件的形式在Kubernetes集群内实现，提供服务发现功能，使
得⽤户除了可以⽤IP访问服务外，也可⽤域名来访问服务。
从1.13版本的Kubernetes开始CoreDNS取代了原有的kubeDNS，成为了kubernetes集群内部的默认DNS
组件。
毕
ContainersNotRead 容器没有准备完毕
ContainerCreating 容器创建中
PodInitializing pod 初始化中
DockerDaemonNotReady docker还没有完全启动
NetworkPluginNotReady ⽹络插件还没有完全启动
## 4.7 K8S操作对象介绍2-label标签
```markdown
# 标签（Label）是附在kubernetes对象（如pod，deployment等）上的键值对（key-value），可以在创建时指定，也可以在创建后指定。
name: zhangsan
time: 2030
# 标签管理⽤给k8s资源添加⾃定义属性 - 主要⽤来做过滤, ⽅便管理员对不同的资源批量甄别和管理。
# Label的值本身不具备具体含义，但可以通过label来筛选对象特定的⼦集，便于管理。
# 每⼀个对象可以有多个标签。
# 标签由⼀组键值对构成。(key value)
# Label key的组成:
Key值必须是唯⼀的
不得超过63个字符
可以使⽤前缀，使⽤/分隔，前缀必须是DNS⼦域，不得超过253个字符，系统中的⾃动化组件创建的label
必须指定前缀，kubernetes.io/由kubernetes保留
起始必须是字⺟（⼤⼩写都可以）或数字，中间可以有连字符、下划线和点
# Label value的组成：
不得超过63个字符
起始必须是字⺟（⼤⼩写都可以）或数字，中间可以有连字符、下划线和点
4.8 K8S 操作对象介绍3-namespace命令空间
# 命名空间
主要作⽤: 资源隔离 ｜ 资源配额
Kubernetes ⽀持多个虚拟集群，它们底层依赖于同⼀个物理集群。 这些虚拟集群被称为命名空间。
命名空间提供了良好的资源隔离，可以⽤于区分不通的项⽬、⽤户等。如开发测试使⽤的namespace，或者⽣产使⽤的namespace。
# 常⻅namespace
kube-system：kubernetes系统创建对象所使⽤的命名空间。
default：没有指明使⽤其他命名空间的对象所使⽤的默认命名空间。
[root@k8sshiyemaster1 ~]# k8s get ns #查看环境中的命名空间
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 9d
development Active 5m52s
kube-node-lease Active 9d
kube-public Active 9d
kube-system Active 9d
test Active 8d
4.9 K8S操作对象介绍4-Deployment部署
# #Kubernetes管理对象
# ReplicationController（简称RC）
Kubernetes需要管理⼤量的Pod，⽽显⽽易⻅的是通常情况下⼀个应⽤不会以单独的⼀个Pod完成。⽐较常
⻅的情况是使⽤⼤量的Pod组成⼀个简单应⽤。管理这些⼤量的Pod的⼀个⽅式就是RC。
RC可以指定Pod的副本数量，并且在其中有Pod故障时可以⾃动拉起新的Pod，⼤⼤简化了管理难度
# ReplicaSet（简称RS）
ReplicaSet是新⼀代的RC，主要功能和RC⼀样，维持Pod的数量稳定，指定Pod的运⾏位置等，使⽤⽅法
也相似，主要区别是更新了api，⽀持更多功能。
ReplicaSet不建议直接使⽤，⽽是⽤更上层的概念Deployment调⽤ReplicaSet。
# Deployment
⽬前最常⽤的控制器就是Deployment，创建Deployment时也会⾃动创建ReplicaSet。
Deployment可以管理⼀个或多个RS，并且通过RS来管理Pod。
# 从⼩到⼤的管理逻辑
容器<Pod<ReplicaSet<Deployment
# 通常情况下
Pod中包含⼀个容器，或关系特别紧密的⼏个容器。
⼀个ReplicaSet中包含多个相同的Pod。
Deployment中包含⼀个或⼏个不同的RS
4.10 K8S操作对象介绍5-Service服务
Kubernetes Service 定义了这样⼀种抽象：逻辑上的⼀组 Pod，⼀种可以访问它们的策略——通常称为
微服务。 这⼀组 Pod 能够被 Service 访问到，通常是通过 Label Selector实现的。
# Service的实现类型
ClusterIP：提供⼀个集群内部的虚拟IP地址以供Pod访问（默认模式）
NodePort：在Node上打开⼀个端⼝以供外部访问
LoadBalancer：通过外部的负载均衡器来访问
Endpoint Controller 负责维护Service和Pod的对应关系
kube-proxy负责service的实现，即实现了k8s内部从pod到service和外部从node port到service的
访问。
# Endpoint Controller
负责⽣成和维护所有endpoint对象的控制器
负责监听service和对应pod的变化
监听到service被删除，则删除和该service同名的endpoint对象
监听到新的service被创建，则根据新建service信息获取相关pod列表，然后创建对应endpoint对象
监听到service被更新，则根据更新后的service信息获取相关pod列表，然后更新对应endpoint对象
监听到pod事件，则更新对应的service的endpoint对象，将pod IP记录到endpoint中
# iptables 与 ipvs
从k8s的1.8版本开始，kube-proxy引⼊了IPVS模式，IPVS模式与iptables实现⽅式类似，但是采⽤的
hash表，因此当service数量达到⼀定规模时，hash查表的速度优势就会显现出来，从⽽提⾼service的
服务性能。
# CoreDNS service
CoreDNS是⼀个轻量级的DNS服务器，通过插件的形式在Kubernetes集群内实现，提供服务发现功能，使
得⽤户除了可以⽤IP访问服务外，也可⽤域名来访问服务。
从1.13版本的Kubernetes开始CoreDNS取代了原有的kubeDNS，成为了kubernetes集群内部的默认DNS
组件。
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