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3 在K8S平台部署Prometheus

3.1集群环境

在这里插入图片描述

3.2 项目地址

可以直接选择git clone项目代码,也可以后面自己编写,后面的操作也会有实现代码

[root@k8s-master src]# git clone https://github.com/zhangdongdong7/k8s-prometheus.git
Cloning into 'k8s-prometheus'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 3, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
[root@k8s-master src]# cd k8s-prometheus/
[root@k8s-master k8s-prometheus]# ls
alertmanager-configmap.yaml         kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml             prometheus-rbac.yaml
alertmanager-deployment.yaml        kube-state-metrics-service.yaml          prometheus-rules.yaml
alertmanager-pvc.yaml               node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz  prometheus-service.yaml
alertmanager-service.yaml           node_exporter.sh                         prometheus-statefulset-static-pv.yaml
grafana.yaml                        OWNERS                                   prometheus-statefulset.yaml
kube-state-metrics-deployment.yaml  prometheus-configmap.yaml                README.md

3.3 使用RBAC进行授权

RBAC(Role-Based Access Control,基于角色的访问控制):负责完成授权(Authorization)工作。
编写授权yaml

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim prometheus-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"

    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
      - nodes/metrics
      - services
      - endpoints
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - get
  - nonResourceURLs:
      - "/metrics"
    verbs:
      - get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system

创建

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-rbac.yaml

3.4 配置管理

使用Configmap保存不需要加密配置信息
其中需要把nodes中ip地址根据自己的地址进行修改,其他不需要改动

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim prometheus-configmap.yaml
# Prometheus configuration format https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap #
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    rule_files:
    - /etc/config/rules/*.rules

    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: prometheus
      static_configs:
      - targets:
        - localhost:9090

    - job_name: kubernetes-nodes
      scrape_interval: 30s
      static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 192.168.73.135:9100   #ip地址根据自己的地址进行修改
        - 192.168.73.138:9100
        - 192.168.73.139:9100
        - 192.168.73.140:9100

    - job_name: kubernetes-apiservers
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_namespace
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_name
        - __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        insecure_skip_verify: true
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token

    - job_name: kubernetes-nodes-kubelet
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        insecure_skip_verify: true
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token

    - job_name: kubernetes-nodes-cadvisor
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /metrics/cadvisor
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        insecure_skip_verify: true
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token

    - job_name: kubernetes-service-endpoints
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - action: keep
        regex: true
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
      - action: replace
        regex: (https?)
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme
        target_label: __scheme__
      - action: replace
        regex: (.+)
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path
        target_label: __metrics_path__
      - action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        source_labels:
        - __address__
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_name
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: kubernetes-services
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module:
        - http_2xx
      relabel_configs:
      - action: keep
        regex: true
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe
      - source_labels:
        - __address__
        target_label: __param_target
      - replacement: blackbox
        target_label: __address__
      - source_labels:
        - __param_target
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_name
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: kubernetes-pods
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - action: keep
        regex: true
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
      - action: replace
        regex: (.+)
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path
        target_label: __metrics_path__
      - action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        source_labels:
        - __address__
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
          - targets: ["alertmanager:80"]

创建

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-configmap.yaml

3.5 有状态部署prometheus

这里使用storageclass进行动态供给,给prometheus的数据进行持久化,具体实现办法,可以查看之前的文章《k8s中的NFS动态存储供给》,除此之外可以使用静态供给的prometheus-statefulset-static-pv.yaml进行持久化

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim prometheus-statefulset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: prometheus
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    version: v2.2.1
spec:
  serviceName: "prometheus"
  replicas: 1
  podManagementPolicy: "Parallel"
  updateStrategy:
   type: "RollingUpdate"
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: prometheus
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: prometheus
      annotations:
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: prometheus
      initContainers:
      - name: "init-chown-data"
        image: "busybox:latest"
        imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
        command: ["chown", "-R", "65534:65534", "/data"]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: prometheus-data
          mountPath: /data
          subPath: ""
      containers:
        - name: prometheus-server-configmap-reload
          image: "jimmidyson/configmap-reload:v0.1"
          imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
          args:
            - --volume-dir=/etc/config
            - --webhook-url=http://localhost:9090/-/reload
          volumeMounts:
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/config
              readOnly: true
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 10Mi
            requests:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 10Mi

        - name: prometheus-server
          image: "prom/prometheus:v2.2.1"
          imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
          args:
            - --config.file=/etc/config/prometheus.yml
            - --storage.tsdb.path=/data
            - --web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries
            - --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles
            - --web.enable-lifecycle
          ports:
            - containerPort: 9090
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /-/ready
              port: 9090
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /-/healthy
              port: 9090
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          # based on 10 running nodes with 30 pods each
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: 200m
              memory: 1000Mi
            requests:
              cpu: 200m
              memory: 1000Mi

          volumeMounts:
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/config
            - name: prometheus-data
              mountPath: /data
              subPath: ""
            - name: prometheus-rules
              mountPath: /etc/config/rules

      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: prometheus-config
        - name: prometheus-rules
          configMap:
            name: prometheus-rules

  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: prometheus-data
    spec:
      storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage #存储类根据自己的存储类名字修改
      accessModes:
        - ReadWriteOnce
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: "16Gi"

创建

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-statefulset.yaml

检查状态

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-5bd5f9dbd9-wv45t                1/1     Running   1          8d
kubernetes-dashboard-7d77666777-d5ng4   1/1     Running   5          14d
prometheus-0                            2/2     Running   6          14d

可以看到一个prometheus-0的pod,这就刚才使用statefulset控制器进行的有状态部署,两个容器的状态为Runing则是正常,如果不为Runing可以使用kubectl describe pod prometheus-0 -n kube-system查看报错详情

3.6 创建service暴露访问端口

此处使用nodePort固定一个访问端口,不适用随机端口,便于访问

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim prometheus-service.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/name: "Prometheus"
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 9090
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 9090
      nodePort: 30090    #固定的对外访问的端口
  selector:
    k8s-app: prometheus

创建

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-service.yaml

检查

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-system
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/coredns-5bd5f9dbd9-wv45t                1/1     Running   1          8dpod/kubernetes-dashboard-7d77666777-d5ng4   1/1     Running   5          14dpod/prometheus-0                            2/2     Running   6          14dNAME                           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)             AGE
service/kube-dns               ClusterIP   10.0.0.2     <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP       13dservice/kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort    10.0.0.127   <none>        443:30001/TCP       16dservice/prometheus             NodePort    10.0.0.33    <none>        9090:30090/TCP      13d

3.7 web访问

使用任意一个NodeIP加端口进行访问,访问地址:http://NodeIP:Port ,此例就是:http://192.168.73.139:30090
访问成功的界面如图所示:

4 在K8S平台部署Grafana

通过上面的web访问,可以看出prometheus自带的UI界面是没有多少功能的,可视化展示的功能不完善,不能满足日常的监控所需,因此常常我们需要再结合Prometheus+Grafana的方式来进行可视化的数据展示
官网地址:
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/prometheus
https://grafana.com/grafana/download
刚才下载的项目中已经写好了Grafana的yaml,根据自己的环境进行修改

4.1 使用StatefulSet部署grafana

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim grafana.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  serviceName: "grafana"
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: grafana/grafana
        ports:
          - containerPort: 3000
            protocol: TCP
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 256Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 256Mi
        volumeMounts:
          - name: grafana-data
            mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
            subPath: grafana
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 472
        runAsUser: 472
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: grafana-data
    spec:
      storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage #和prometheus使用同一个存储类
      accessModes:
        - ReadWriteOnce
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: "1Gi"

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port : 80
    targetPort: 3000
    nodePort: 30091
  selector:
    app: grafana

4.2 Grafana的web访问

使用任意一个NodeIP加端口进行访问,访问地址:http://NodeIP:Port ,此例就是:http://192.168.73.139:30091
成功访问界面如下,会需要进行账号密码登陆,默认账号密码都为admin,登陆之后会让修改密码
在这里插入图片描述
登陆之后的界面如下
在这里插入图片描述
第一步需要进行数据源添加,点击create your first data source数据库图标,根据下图所示进行添加即可
在这里插入图片描述
第二步,添加完了之后点击底部的绿色的Save&Test,会成功提示Data sourse is working,则表示数据源添加成功

4.3 监控K8S集群中Pod、Node、资源对象数据的方法

1)Pod
kubelet的节点使用cAdvisor提供的metrics接口获取该节点所有Pod和容器相关的性能指标数据,安装kubelet默认就开启了
暴露接口地址:
https://NodeIP:10255/metrics/cadvisor
https://NodeIP:10250/metrics/cadvisor

2)Node
需要使用node_exporter收集器采集节点资源利用率。
https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter
使用文档:https://prometheus.io/docs/guides/node-exporter/

使用node_exporter.sh脚本分别在所有服务器上部署node_exporter收集器,不需要修改可直接运行脚本

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# cat node_exporter.sh #!/bin/bashwget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.0/node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar zxf node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/node_exporter

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=https://prometheus.io

[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter --collector.systemd --collector.systemd.unit-whitelist=(docker|kubelet|kube-proxy|flanneld).service

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable node_exporter
systemctl restart node_exporter
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# ./node_exporter.sh

检测node_exporter的进程,是否生效

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# ps -ef|grep node_exporter
root       6227      1  0 Oct08 ?        00:06:43 /usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter --collector.systemd --collector.systemd.unit-whitelist=(docker|kubelet|kube-proxy|flanneld).service
root     118269 117584  0 23:27 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto node_exporter

3)资源对象
kube-state-metrics采集了k8s中各种资源对象的状态信息,只需要在master节点部署就行

https://github.com/kubernetes/kube-state-metrics

创建rbac的yaml对metrics进行授权

[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - secrets
  - nodes
  - pods
  - services
  - resourcequotas
  - replicationcontrollers
  - limitranges
  - persistentvolumeclaims
  - persistentvolumes
  - namespaces
  - endpoints
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
  resources:
  - daemonsets
  - deployments
  - replicasets
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
  resources:
  - statefulsets
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]
  resources:
  - cronjobs
  - jobs
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]
  resources:
  - horizontalpodautoscalers
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics-resizer
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
  resources:
  - deployments
  resourceNames: ["kube-state-metrics"]
  verbs: ["get", "update"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kube-state-metrics-resizer
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml
编写Deployment和ConfigMap的yaml进行metrics pod部署,不需要进行修改
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# cat kube-state-metrics-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    version: v1.3.0
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
      version: v1.3.0
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
        version: v1.3.0
      annotations:
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
      containers:
      - name: kube-state-metrics
        image: lizhenliang/kube-state-metrics:v1.3.0
        ports:
        - name: http-metrics
          containerPort: 8080
        - name: telemetry
          containerPort: 8081
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 5
      - name: addon-resizer
        image: lizhenliang/addon-resizer:1.8.3
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 30Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 30Mi
        env:
          - name: MY_POD_NAME


![img](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/ae2eb37c666bf4aa0e38d9f1fe63ba6f.png)
![img](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/eb8eb652497cdd05bca2029ae4e23952.png)

**网上学习资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。**

**[需要这份系统化的资料的朋友,可以戳这里获取](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618608311)**

**一个人可以走的很快,但一群人才能走的更远!不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人,都欢迎加入我们的的圈子(技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导),让我们一起学习成长!**

trics
          containerPort: 8080
        - name: telemetry
          containerPort: 8081
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 5
      - name: addon-resizer
        image: lizhenliang/addon-resizer:1.8.3
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 30Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 30Mi
        env:
          - name: MY_POD_NAME


[外链图片转存中...(img-d9w13g3u-1715062100363)]
[外链图片转存中...(img-CNPat0xb-1715062100363)]

**网上学习资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。**

**[需要这份系统化的资料的朋友,可以戳这里获取](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618608311)**

**一个人可以走的很快,但一群人才能走的更远!不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人,都欢迎加入我们的的圈子(技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导),让我们一起学习成长!**

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