k8s入门到实战（三）—— 三台服务器从零开始搭建k8s集群
k8s从入门到实战篇章（第三篇）—— 使用三台服务器从零开始搭建k8s集群，安装Dashboard可视化界面
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服务器裸机搭建 k8s 集群
环境准备
- 至少3个服务器（本次使用3台阿里云服务器），4核4G以上（按量付费），内网要能互相通信，也就是必须要在同一个网段下
本次实验的3个服务器私网 ip 如下：
192.168.0.1 (主机)
192.168.0.2
192.168.0.3
这3个服务器一台为 master node（初始化主节点）、两台 work node（工作节点）
- 3个服务器都要安装 docker
3个服务器同时执行命令：
在输入命令行位置右键发送键输入到所有会话
# 移除之前安装的 docker
sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
# 安装 gcc 环境
sudo yum install -y gcc
sudo yum install -y gcc-c++
# 配置yum源
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
# 使用国内的镜像。
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 更新 yum 索引
sudo yum makecache fast
# 安装 docker
sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 配置阿里云镜像加速，在自己的阿里云镜像加速器查看
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://g8vxwvax.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
# 设置开机启动Docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
# 检查是否安装成功
docker -v
- 安装 k8s 前的系统环境准备，官方要求
# 节点之中不可以有重复的主机名，mac地址等，设置不同的hostname
# 3个服务器分别执行
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2
# 3台服务器全部执行
# 关闭防火墙
sudo systemctl stop firewalld
sudo systemctl disable firewalld
# 将 SElinux 设置为 permissive 模式，禁用
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcin$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config
# 关闭swap分区
sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
# 允许 iptables 检查桥接流量(所有节点)
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system
至此，我们的所有环境就配置好了，接下来就要搭建 k8s 集群了
安装集群三大件 kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
你需要在每台机器上安装以下的软件包：
kubeadm：用来初始化集群的指令。kubelet：在集群中的每个节点上用来启动 Pod 和容器等。kubectl：用来与集群通信的命令行工具。
参考阿里巴巴开源镜像站 k8s 安装步骤：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes
# 3台服务器全部执行
# 安装 kubeadm、kubelet 和 kubectl，配置yum文件，因为国内无法直接访问google，这里需要将官网中的google的源改为国内源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
setenforce 0
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
# 查看版本信息
kubectl version
在 k8s v1.24 及更早版本中，我们使用 docker 作为容器引擎在 k8s 上使用时，依赖一个 dockershim 的内置 k8s 组件，k8s v1.24发行版中将dockershim 组件给移除了，取而代之的就是 cri-dockerd（当然还有其它容器接口），简单讲 CRI 就是容器运行时接口（Container Runtime Interface，CRI），也就是说 cri-dockerd 就是以 docker 作为容器引擎而提供的容器运行时接口，如果我们想要用 docker 作为 k8s 的容器运行引擎，我们需要先部署好 cri-dockerd，用 cri-dockerd 来与 kubelet 交互，然后再由 cri-dockerd 和 docker api 交互，使我们在 k8s 能够正常使用 docker 作为容器引擎。
# 下载
wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.4/cri-dockerd-0.3.4.amd64.tgz
# 解压cri-docker
tar xvf cri-dockerd-*.amd64.tgz
cp -r cri-dockerd/ /usr/bin/
chmod +x /usr/bin/cri-dockerd/cri-dockerd
# 写入启动cri-docker配置文件
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.mirantis.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service docker.service
Wants=network-online.target
Requires=cri-docker.socket
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd/cri-dockerd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TasksMax=infinity
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
# 写入cri-docker的socket配置文件
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.socket <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=CRI Docker Socket for the API
PartOf=cri-docker.service
[Socket]
ListenStream=%t/cri-dockerd.sock
SocketMode=0660
SocketUser=root
SocketGroup=docker
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
EOF
# 当你新增或修改了某个单位文件（如.service文件、.socket文件等），需要运行该命令来刷新systemd对该文件的配置。
systemctl daemon-reload
# 确保docker是启动的
# 启用并立即启动cri-docker.service单元。
systemctl enable --now cri-docker.service
# 显示docker.service单元的当前状态，包括运行状态、是否启用等信息。
systemctl status cri-docker.service
出现以下内容说明启动成功：
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl status cri-docker.service
● cri-docker.service - CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2024-03-24 16:01:06 CST; 9s ago
Docs: https://docs.mirantis.com
Main PID: 3238 (cri-dockerd)
Tasks: 9
Memory: 14.5M
CGroup: /system.slice/cri-docker.service
└─3238 /usr/bin/cri-dockerd/cri-dockerd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/googl...
Mar 24 16:01:06 k8s-master cri-dockerd[3238]: time="2024-03-24T16:01:06+08:00" level=info msg="Start docker client with r...ut 0s"
Mar 24 16:01:06 k8s-master cri-dockerd[3238]: time="2024-03-24T16:01:06+08:00" level=info msg="Hairpin mode is set to none"
Mar 24 16:01:06 k8s-master cri-dockerd[3238]: time="2024-03-24T16:01:06+08:00" level=info msg="Loaded network plugin cni"
Mar 24 16:01:06 k8s-master cri-dockerd[3238]: time="2024-03-24T16:01:06+08:00" level=info msg="Docker cri networking mana...n cni"
Mar 24 16:01:06 k8s-master cri-dockerd[3238]: time="2024-03-24T16:01:06+08:00" level=info msg="Docker Info: &{ID:a848d1ba... [Nati
Mar 24 16:01:06 k8s-master cri-dockerd[3238]: time="2024-03-24T16:01:06+08:00" level=info msg="Setting cgroupDriver cgroupfs"
Mar 24 16:01:06 k8s-master cri-dockerd[3238]: time="2024-03-24T16:01:06+08:00" level=info msg="Docker cri received runtim...:,},}"
Mar 24 16:01:06 k8s-master cri-dockerd[3238]: time="2024-03-24T16:01:06+08:00" level=info msg="Starting the GRPC backend ...face."
Mar 24 16:01:06 k8s-master cri-dockerd[3238]: time="2024-03-24T16:01:06+08:00" level=info msg="Start cri-dockerd grpc backend"
Mar 24 16:01:06 k8s-master systemd[1]: Started CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
总结：环境准备
- 机器环境
- 安装了 k8s 的组件
- 安装 cri 环境
安装并初始化 master 节点
# 所有机器添加master节点的域名映射，这里要改为自己当下master的ip
echo "192.168.0.1 cluster-master" >> /etc/hosts
# node节点ping测试映射是否成功
ping cluster-master
# 如果init失败，可以kubeadm重置
kubeadm reset --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
####### 主节点初始化（只在master执行） #######
# 注意修改apiserver的地址为master节点的ip
## 注意service、pod的网络节点不能和master网络ip重叠
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.1 \
--control-plane-endpoint=cluster-master \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.28.2 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.169.0.0/16 \
--cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
等待命令运行完毕即可，执行成功后可以看到
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm init \
> --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.1 \
> --control-plane-endpoint=cluster-master \
> --image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
> --kubernetes-version v1.28.2 \
> --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
> --pod-network-cidr=192.169.0.0/16 \
> --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.28.2
......
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:
kubeadm join cluster-master:6443 --token 9jk1zp.v738zd885ew7m7lp \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6a1cb9a74d02f28b06471114e28faa8de6cbc3501eb3a9a989123840c281e85a \
--control-plane
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join cluster-master:6443 --token 9jk1zp.v738zd885ew7m7lp \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6a1cb9a74d02f28b06471114e28faa8de6cbc3501eb3a9a989123840c281e85a
根据上面的提示信息，我们在 master 中执行以下命令：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
初始化完成后，可以使用命令查看节点信息了
kubectl get nodes
# 发现是 NotReady 状态
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master NotReady control-plane 5m47s v1.28.2
work 节点加入集群
加入节点命令，此命令的参数是在初始化完成后给出的，每个人的都不一样，需要复制自己生成的。
是上面初始化 master 节点执行后信息的最后几行，查看自己生成的
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join cluster-master:6443 --token 9jk1zp.v738zd885ew7m7lp \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6a1cb9a74d02f28b06471114e28faa8de6cbc3501eb3a9a989123840c281e85a
根据自己生成的信息执行以下命令：
kubeadm join cluster-master:6443 --token 9jk1zp.v738zd885ew7m7lp \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6a1cb9a74d02f28b06471114e28faa8de6cbc3501eb3a9a989123840c281e85a \
--cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
# 需要注意的是，如果由于当前版本不再默认支持docker,如果服务器使用的docker，需要在命令后面加入参数--cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock。
执行完成后，在 master 主机上查看节点信息
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master NotReady control-plane 11m v1.28.2
k8s-node1 NotReady <none> 13s v1.28.2
k8s-node2 NotReady <none> 7s v1.28.2
#另外token默认的有效期为24小时，过期之后就不能用了，需要重新创建token，操作如下
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
# 另外，短时间内生成多个token时，生成新token后建议删除前一个旧的。
# 查看命令
kubeadm token list
# 删除命令
kubeadm token delete tokenid
部署 calico
我们需要部署一个 pod 网络插件，安装 Pod 网络是 Pod 之间进行通信的必要条件，k8s 支持众多网络方案，这里选用 calico 方案。
文档：https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
calico 历史版本地址：https://docs.tigera.io/archive#v3.1.7
# 下载calico.yml
curl https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.25/manifests/calico.yaml -O
我们 initmaster 上面配置的 --pod-network-cidr=192.169.0.0/16，这里面也要对应修改
可能存在的问题：calico 默认会找 eth0 网卡，如果当前机器网卡不是这个名字，可能会无法启动，需要手动配置以下。
使用以下命令查找：
ll /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
框起来的就是网卡名字，我这里是 eth0。如果是用虚拟机搭建的，网卡名字可能不同
如果网卡名字不是 eth0，需要编辑calico.yaml配置文件加入如下内容 ，在 CLUSTER_TYPE 同级目录下
- name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD
value: "interface=eth0" # 改成你自己的网卡名字
网卡名字为 eth0 的则不需要配置
修改完配置后，我们应用一下，应用完毕之后需要等待一下。
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
configmap/calico-config created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/caliconodestatuses.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipreservations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
等待一会以后，发现我们的节点状态变为了 Ready ，就OK了
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready control-plane 40m v1.28.2
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 29m v1.28.2
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 29m v1.28.2
查看所有的 pod
kubectl get pod -A
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-658d97c59c-wzj97 1/1 Running 0 9m18s
kube-system calico-node-f76hr 1/1 Running 0 2m10s
kube-system calico-node-llncs 1/1 Running 0 2m
kube-system calico-node-lwqjh 1/1 Running 0 109s
kube-system coredns-6554b8b87f-pbmbq 1/1 Running 0 42m
kube-system coredns-6554b8b87f-pgrq2 1/1 Running 0 42m
kube-system etcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 42m
kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 42m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 42m
kube-system kube-proxy-58b62 1/1 Running 0 31m
kube-system kube-proxy-b6x29 1/1 Running 0 42m
kube-system kube-proxy-jxct4 1/1 Running 0 31m
kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 42m
测试 k8s 的自愈能力
我们将一个节点关机重启，reboot。
将 k8s-node2 关机：
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# poweroff
Connection closing...Socket close.
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(k8s-node2) at 17:02:36.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
在 master 主机查看节点状态：
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready control-plane 49m v1.28.2
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 37m v1.28.2
k8s-node2 NotReady <none> 37m v1.28.2
发现 k8s-node2 已经是 NotReady 了，这时我们启动 k8s-node2 这台主机
等待一会，重新在 master 主机查看节点状态
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready control-plane 51m v1.28.2
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 40m v1.28.2
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 39m v1.28.2
发现 k8s-node2 又自动加入到集群了
k8s 的自愈能力非常强大，主要包括以下几个方面：
-
自动重启：k8s 监控容器的状态，一旦发现容器崩溃或异常退出，会自动重启容器，确保应用持续可用。
-
自动扩缩容：k8s 基于资源利用率和负载情况，可以自动扩展或缩减容器副本的数量，以满足应用程序的需求。通过水平扩展和自动负载均衡，k8s可以动态调整容器副本的数量，提高应用程序的可伸缩性和性能。
-
自动容错和故障迁移：k8s 提供了容器的健康检查机制，可以监控容器的状态，并在容器不健康或不可访问时自动将其从集群中删除，以避免影响其他容器的正常运行。同时，k8s 还支持故障迁移，将故障容器重新部署到其他可用的节点上，以确保应用程序的高可用性。
-
自动滚动升级：k8s 支持滚动升级应用程序，可以在不中断服务的情况下逐步更新容器版本。通过逐步替换容器副本，k8s 实现了应用程序的平滑升级，降低了升级过程中的风险。
-
自动恢复：k8s 可以监控节点的健康状态，一旦发现节点故障或不可访问，会自动将容器迁移到其他可用节点上，实现容器的自动恢复。
总的来说，k8s 具有自动管理和调度容器的能力，可以监控容器的状态、自动重启容器、自动扩缩容、自动容错和故障迁移、自动滚动升级等，提供了强大的自愈能力，确保应用程序的高可用性、可伸缩性和稳定性。
安装 k8s Dashboard 可视化界面
项目地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
编辑文件recommended.yaml：
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 31443
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
csrf: ""
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: dashboard-admin
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc7
imagePullPolicy: Always
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
- --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
targetPort: 8000
selector:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
spec:
containers:
- name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTP
path: /
port: 8000
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
volumes:
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
编辑完成后执行应用：
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
执行完成后，查看所有 pod
看到这两个成功启动即可
执行下面命令：
# 当前默认命名空间下的服务 -A 全部命名空间下的服务
kubectl get svc -A
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc -A
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 70m
kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 70m
kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.96.12.26 <none> 8000/TCP 100s
kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.96.157.187 <none> 443:31443/TCP 100s
可以看到，访问端口是31443，协议是443，也就是 https
打开浏览器，访问集群任意节点（ip 为3个服务器任意一个即可）即可以进入控制面板。
这里测试我们使用 chrome 浏览器
由于浏览器 chrome 使用 https 不安全，在这个页面凭空输入：thisisunsafe，即可进入
由于登录需要 token，接下来我们创建一个 token
编辑文件dash-token.yaml
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: admin
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
执行应用这个文件，获取令牌：
kubectl apply -f dash-token.yaml
kubectl create token admin --namespace kubernetes-dashboard
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f dash-token.yaml
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin created
serviceaccount/admin created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create token admin --namespace kubernetes-dashboard
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkV6MDJ6S1NSMDlvTmJKRGc4WWJ5RUk1aW5MOUxRMUFmNFk3M1BMWmVGWTQifQ.eyJhdWQiOlsiaHR0cHM6Ly9rdWJlcm5ldGVzLmRlZmF1bHQuc3ZjLmNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwiXSwiZXhwIjoxNzExMjc2MzY5LCJpYXQiOjE3MTEyNzI3NjksImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8va3ViZXJuZXRlcy5kZWZhdWx0LnN2Yy5jbHVzdGVyLmxvY2FsIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pbyI6eyJuYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZCIsInNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Ijp7Im5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbiIsInVpZCI6ImY4NjNhZjk5LTczMWEtNDlkZi04ODhhLWU3MDBlMGNhZWQ2OSJ9fSwibmJmIjoxNzExMjcyNzY5LCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZXJuZXRlcy1kYXNoYm9hcmQ6YWRtaW4ifQ.CwVQxLVq6fKRacovFHCQat20Xz-M1OjLCZnKM_ERHa87UchqD6aRYSoZG-oFvW2TVGLvRIwa3ViNNVMWtFMEUwy0Zzg_nM6SdqWc-fvvfWLabA_Deqi0gANlcCcUW6lLlm37iQ9nUrsfRK6LLFlow9J_wkOnB6ZmzSQcNltEbBk5SL4-Zf0goOdycLI79p8xFM26TVg5U-2eILCGBLnVAUMHpADBvkmaKSR3ix1VLFk2g6aPV89ySmt4dTwuXS--bEGW7EY1hF3-8Z_c93x9yP7p7sgdvzKYcwTmeE4ML8M3VGVoK_Nnv5-MBmyDFfDoRSaUdtJBcLiIEUXzkJuhBQ
拿到 token 去登录即可
可以在 dashboard 界面查看自己 k8s 集群的所有信息
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