参考：
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/6P-V87Wgn3BxmG1guP1AyA

设置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname master1
hostnamectl set-hostname node1
hostnamectl set-hostname node2

配置hosts

vim /etc/hosts

10.0.0.30 master1
10.0.0.31 node1
10.0.0.32 node2

文件句柄

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

...
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535

修改内核参数并加载内核模块

vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

modprobe br_netfilter
lsmod | grep netfilter
modprobe ip_conntrack
lsmod | grep conntrack

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

安装依赖

yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools nfs-utils socat telnet device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git tar zip curl conntrack ipvsadm ipset iptables sysstat libseccomp

开启ipvs转发

mkdir /etc/sysconfig/modules

vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
lsmod |egrep  "ip_vs|nf_conntrack"

安装 containerd

vim /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf

overlay
br_netfilter

modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/9/$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

yum install containerd

containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
修改

...
SystemdCgroup = true
...
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"
...
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
          endpoint = ["https://p4oudlho.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]

systemctl start containerd.service 
systemctl enable containerd.service

安装 Kubernetes 1.29.x

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/k8s.repo

[kubernetes]
name=kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

yum list kubelet --showduplicates |sort -r |grep "1.29"

yum install kubectl kubelet kubeadm

kubelet-1.29.3
kubectl-1.29.3
kubeadm-1.29.3

配置kubelet
vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet

KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"

systemctl enable kubelet

下载镜像

kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=v1.29.3
kubeadm config images pull --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

下载flannel部署文件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
或
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.yml

ctr -n k8s.io image pull docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.24.3
ctr -n k8s.io image pull docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.4.0-flannel1

ctr -n k8s.io image ls

初始化k8s集群

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.29.3 --pod-network-cidr=10.224.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.0.30 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

备注：

#指定控制平面节点的地址
--control-plane-endpoint "your-control-plane-endpoint:6443"

...
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 10.0.0.30:6443 --token g6ei5m.kxpvbwctcr5qhbvg \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:611ae4e3b21103ebbda2879073653637b6cfe02875176dc1e3edd679cca50781

设置kubectl命令补全

echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> /etc/profile

部署flannel网络插件

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

node节点加入集群

kubeadm join 10.0.0.30:6443 --token g6ei5m.kxpvbwctcr5qhbvg \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:611ae4e3b21103ebbda2879073653637b6cfe02875176dc1e3edd679cca50781

查看结果

[root@master1 ~]# kubectl get nodes 
NAME      STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
master1   Ready    control-plane   26m   v1.29.3
node1     Ready    <none>          23m   v1.29.3
node2     Ready    <none>          22m   v1.29.3
[root@master1 ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get pod
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
coredns-857d9ff4c9-6cxgq          1/1     Running   1 (16m ago)   26m
coredns-857d9ff4c9-rngq6          1/1     Running   1 (16m ago)   26m
etcd-master1                      1/1     Running   1 (16m ago)   26m
kube-apiserver-master1            1/1     Running   1 (16m ago)   26m
kube-controller-manager-master1   1/1     Running   1 (16m ago)   26m
kube-proxy-c8d6g                  1/1     Running   1 (16m ago)   23m
kube-proxy-jfmnt                  1/1     Running   1 (16m ago)   26m
kube-proxy-s5s58                  1/1     Running   1 (16m ago)   23m
kube-scheduler-master1            1/1     Running   1 (16m ago)   26m

部署应用验证k8s集群

部署nginx服务
vi deploy_nginx.yml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      appname: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        appname: nginx
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - podAffinityTerm:
              labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                - key: appname
                  operator: In
                  values:
                  - nginx
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
            weight: 50
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:alpine
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 80
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          timeoutSeconds: 1
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 512Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 512Mi
---
apiVersion: v1   
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx
  namespace: default
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    appname: nginx
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
    nodePort: 30080

访问验证服务
http://10.0.0.31:30080

创建一个应用，用于测试
vi nginx-test.yml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-test
  namespace: test
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-test
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-test
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx-test
          image: nginx:alpine
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80

验证k8s网络可用性

[root@master1 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-7dc8c9c7c7-6rhw7   1/1     Running   0          25m   10.224.1.2   node1   <none>           <none>
nginx-7dc8c9c7c7-l8mcm   1/1     Running   0          25m   10.224.2.2   node2   <none>           <none>

[root@master1 ~]# kubectl -n test get pod -o wide
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-test-67d98c7b59-4zz2n   1/1     Running   0          16m   10.224.1.3   node1   <none>           <none>

[root@master1 ~]# kubectl -n test exec -it nginx-test-67d98c7b59-4zz2n -- /bin/sh
/ # ping 10.224.2.2
PING 10.224.2.2 (10.224.2.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.224.2.2: seq=0 ttl=62 time=1.114 ms
64 bytes from 10.224.2.2: seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.980 ms
64 bytes from 10.224.2.2: seq=2 ttl=62 time=1.808 ms
^C
--- 10.224.2.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.980/1.300/1.808 ms

验证k8s内部dns可用性

查看k8s内部dns服务器地址

[root@master1 ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get service kube-dns -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  creationTimestamp: "2024-03-17T02:46:37Z"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: CoreDNS
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  resourceVersion: "223"
  uid: 3beed986-86dc-4dab-b032-1de86366d3e7
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.96.0.10
  clusterIPs:
  - 10.96.0.10
  internalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
    targetPort: 53
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 53
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 9153
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

查看service资源

[root@master1 ~]# kubectl get service
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        3h24m
nginx        NodePort    10.109.223.79   <none>        80:30080/TCP   24m

资源记录

SVC_NAME.NS_NAME.DOMAIN.LTD.
nginx.default.svc.cluster.local.

查看dns解析

[root@master1 ~]# dig -t A nginx.default.svc.cluster.local. @10.96.0.10

; <<>> DiG 9.16.23-RH <<>> -t A nginx.default.svc.cluster.local. @10.96.0.10
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; WARNING: .local is reserved for Multicast DNS
;; You are currently testing what happens when an mDNS query is leaked to DNS
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 23373
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
; COOKIE: 55472bf61b671b94 (echoed)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;nginx.default.svc.cluster.local. IN	A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
nginx.default.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN	A	10.109.223.79

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.96.0.10#53(10.96.0.10)
;; WHEN: Sun Mar 17 14:11:15 CST 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 119