k8s学习
2.7初始化镜像(选学部分) 如果是第一次安装k8s,手里没有备份好的镜像,可以执行如下操作。也可以使用资料包中的镜像 备份跳过本章节学习内容。教学目标:本章节重点为下载镜像和备份镜像。#下面的镜像应该去除"k8s.gcr.io"的前缀,版本换成kubeadm config images list命令获取。2.3.0阿里云开发者平台 开发者平台官网地址:可以参考阿里云官网提供的docker安装教程
2.2centos7系统配置
centos下载地址:推荐大家使用centos7.6以上版本
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/isos/x86_64/
查看centos系统版本命令:
cat /etc/centos-release
配置阿里云yum源
1.下载安装wget yum install -y wget 2.备份默认的yum mv /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.backup 3.设置新的yum目录 mkdir -p /etc/yum.repos.d 4.下载阿里yum配置到该目录中,选择对应版本 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo 5.更新epel源为阿里云epel源 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.backup mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo.backup wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
升级系统内核
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-lt grep initrd16 /boot/grub2/grub.cfg grub2-set-default 0
查看centos系统内核命令:
uname -r uname -a
查看CPU命令:
lscpu
查看内存命令:
free free -h
查看硬盘信息
fdisk -l
2.2centos7系统配置
2.2.1关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld
2.2.2关闭selinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux setenforce 0
2.2.3网桥过滤
vi /etc/sysctl.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward_use_pmtu = 0 生效命令 sysctl --system 查看效果 sysctl -a|grep "ip_forward"
2.2.4开启IPVS
安装IPVS yum -y install ipset ipvsdm 编译ipvs.modules文件 vi /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules 文件内容如下 #!/bin/bash modprobe -- ip_vs modprobe -- ip_vs_rr modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr modprobe -- ip_vs_sh modprobe -- nf_conntrack 赋予权限并执行 chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules &&lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack 重启电脑,检查是否生效 reboot lsmod | grep ip_vs_rr
2.2.5同步时间
安装软件 yum -y install ntpdate 向阿里云服务器同步时间 ntpdate time1.aliyun.com 删除本地时间并设置时区为上海 rm -rf /etc/localtime ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime 查看时间 date -R || date
2.2.6命令补全
安装bash-completion yum -y install bash-completion bash-completion-extras 使用bash-completion source /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
2.2.7关闭swap分区
临时关闭: swapoff -a 永久关闭: vi /etc/fstab 将文件中的/dev/mapper/centos-swap这行代码注释掉 #/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 确认swap已经关闭:若swap行都显示 0 则表示关闭成功 free -m
2.2.8hosts配置
vi /etc/hosts 文件内容如下: cat <<EOF >>/etc/hosts 192.168.198.186 k8s-master01 192.168.198.187 k8s-node01 192.168.198.188 k8s-node02 192.168.198.189 k8s-node03 EOF
2.3安装docker
2.3.0阿里云开发者平台 开发者平台官网地址:可以参考阿里云官网提供的docker安装教程进行安装。
2.3.1安装docker前置条件
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
2.3.2添加源
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo yum makecache fast
2.3.3查看docker更新版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
2.3.4安装docker最新版本
yum -y install docker-ce 安装指定版本: yum -y install docker-ce-18.09.8 可以通过docker version命令查看 docker-client版本:当前最新版本 docker-server版本为:18.09.8
2.3.5开启dock而服务
systemctl start docker systemctl status docker
2.3.6安装阿里云镜像加速器
mkdir -p /etc/docker tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://70x564dl.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker
2.3.7设置docker开启启动服务
systemctl enable docker
2.3.8修改Cgroup Driver
修改daemon.json,新增: "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"] 重启docker服务: systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker 查看修改后状态: docker info | grep Cgroup
2.3.9复习docker常用命令
2.4使用kubeadm快速安装
2.5安装yum源 2.5.1新建repo文件
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernates.repo
2.5.2文件内容
[kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
2.5.3更新缓存
yum clean all yum -y makecache
2.5.4验证源是否可用
yum list | grep kubeadm 如果提示要验证yum-key.gpg是否可用,输入y。 查找到kubeadm。显示版本
2.5.5查看k8s版本
yum list kubelet --showduplicates | sort -r
2.5.6安装k8s-1.17.5
yum install -y kubelet-1.17.5 kubeadm-1.17.5 kubectl-1.17.5
2.6设置kubelet 2.6.1增加配置信息
如果不配置kubelet,可能会导致K8S集群无法启动。为实现docker使用的cgroupdriver与kubelet 使用的cgroup的一致性。 vi /etc/sysconfig/kubelet KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
2.6.2设置开机启动
systemctl enable kubelet
2.7初始化镜像(选学部分) 如果是第一次安装k8s,手里没有备份好的镜像,可以执行如下操作。也可以使用资料包中的镜像 备份跳过本章节学习内容。 教学目标:本章节重点为下载镜像和备份镜像。 2.7.1查看安装集群需要的镜像
kubeadm config images list
2.7.2编写执行脚本
mkdir -p /data cd /data vi images.sh #!/bin/bash #下面的镜像应该去除"k8s.gcr.io"的前缀,版本换成kubeadm config images list命令获取 #到的版本 images=( kube-apiserver:v1.17.17 kube-controller-manager:v1.17.17 kube-scheduler:v1.17.17 kube-proxy:v1.17.17 pause:3.1 etcd:3.4.3-0 coredns:1.6.5 ) for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName k8s.gcr.io/$imageName docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName done
2.7.3执行脚本
mkdir -p /data cd /data 给脚本授权 chmod +x images.sh 执行脚本 ./images.sh
2.7.4保存镜像: idea的列编辑模式:alt+鼠标左键
docker save -o k8s.1.17.5.tar \ k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.17.17 \ k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.17 \ k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.17.17 \ k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.17.17 \ k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 \ k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0 \ k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.5 \
2.8导入镜像 2.81导入master节点镜像tar包
master节点需要全部镜像 docker load -i k8s.1.17.5.tar
2.8.2导入node节点镜像tar包
node节点需要kube-proxy:v1.17.5和pause:3.1,2个镜像 docker load -i k8s.1.17.5.node.tar
2.9初始化集群 配置k8s集群网络 2.9.0calico官网地址
官网下载地址: https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.14/manifests/calico.yaml github地址: https://github.com/projectcalico/calico 镜像下载: docker pull calico/cni:v3.14.2 docker pull calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.14.2 docker pull calico/node:v3.14.2 docker pull calico/kube-controllers:v3.14.2
配置hostname: hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master01 hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node01 hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node02 hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node03 配置ip地址:
2.2.8hosts配置
vi /etc/hosts 文件内容如下: cat <<EOF >>/etc/hosts 192.168.61.211 k8s-master01 192.168.61.95 k8s-node01 192.168.61.17 k8s-node02 192.168.61.40 k8s-node03 EOF
2.9.1初始化集群信息:calico网络
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.61.211 --kubernetes-version v1.17.5 --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.81.0.0/16
报错
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/ [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 23.0.4. Latest validated version: 19.03 [preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster [preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection [preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull' [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env" [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml" [kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet [certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki" [certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key [certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key [certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.29.200] [certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key [certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key [certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key [certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key [certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key [certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.29.200 127.0.0.1 ::1]
使用
这块加了指定阿里云源 --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.61.211 --kubernetes-version v1.17.5 --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.81.0.0/16
报错
The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL http://localhost:10248/healthz' failed with error: Get "http://localhost:10248/healthz": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.
解决方法
# #添加以下内容 vim /etc/docker/daemon.json { "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"] } # 重启docker systemctl restart docker # 重新初始化 kubeadm reset # 先重置
2.9.2执行配置命令
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
2.9.3node节点加入集群信息
kubeadm join 192.168.61.211:6443 --token s9sbd6.8hcbn8a17c6gu5jt \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f69bcfa9a2df0bc8d7c82f8c04b92b05b9204cc5cdda0831ac4a5cfd4d4bafcb
2.9.4kubectl命令自动补全
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bash_profile source ~/.bash_profile
2.9.5发送邮件问题
在 bash 中设置当前 shell 的自动补全,要先安装 bash-completion 包。 echo "unset MAILCHECK">> /etc/profile source /etc/profile 在你的 bash shell 中永久的添加自动补全
[kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
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