1 常见的Pod调度方式：
1 自由调度： 默认的kube-scheduler调度
2 定向调度：nodeName, nodeSelector实现
3 亲和性调度：nodeAffinity, PodAffinity, PodAntiAffinity实现
4 污点和容忍调度：taint，tolerations实现
2 实践
2.1 定向调度
nodeName, NodeSelector:
1 首先node结点打标签，disk=ssd

结点打标签

kubectl label nodes k8s-node1 disk=ssd

查看结点标签

kubectl get nodes --show-labels
2 pod模板文件设定NodeSelector的值: disk: ssd
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: testnginx-deployment
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: testnginx
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: testnginx
spec:
containers:
- name: testnginx
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 80
nodeSelector:
disk: ssd
3 预定义标签
kubernetes.io/hostname
2.2 亲和性调度
2.2.1 nodeAffinity
pod与node关系
RequiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: 必须满足指定规则才能调度pod到Node上
PreferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution：强调优先满足指定规则,软限制
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: testnginx-deployment
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: testnginx
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: testnginx
spec:

必须满足指定规则 硬限制

  affinity:
    nodeAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        nodeSelectorTerms:
        - matchExpressions:
          - key: disk
            operator: In
            values:
            - ssd

尽量优先满足指定规则 软限制

    affinity:
      nodeAffinity:
        preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        - weight: 1
          preference:
            matchExpressions:
            - key: disk
              operator: In
              values:
              - ssd
  containers:
  - name: testnginx
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80

2.2.2 PodAffinity
pod与pod的关系
硬,软亲和性
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution 硬性要求，必须要满足条件，保证部署在一起
spec:
affinity:
podAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
-key: app
operator: In
values:
- testnginx
topologyKey: “kubernetes.io/hostname”
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution 软性要求，尽量满足条件，保证部署在一起
affinity:
podAffinity:
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 60
podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- {key: app, operator: In, values: [“testnginx”]}
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
- weight: 30
podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- {key: app, operator: In, values: [“backend”]}
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
2.2.2 PodAntiAffinity
pod与pod的关系
硬，软反亲和性
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution 硬性要求，必须满足条件，保证分散部署的最佳实践
#如果节点上的pod标签存在满足app=nginx，则不能部署到节点上
spec:
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- key: app
operator: In
values:
- nginx
topologyKey: “kubernetes.io/hostname”
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution 软性要求，可以不完全满足，可同一node跑多个副本

软性要求

如果节点上的pod标签存在满足app=nginx，也可以部署到节点上，尽可能先部署到其它节点，如果没有满足也可以部署到此节点（大概是这么理解吧）

spec:
  affinity:
    podAntiAffinity:
      preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
      - weight: 100
        podAffinityTerm:
        - labelSelector:
            matchExpressions:
            - key: app
              operator: In
              values:
              - nginx
          topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"

2.3 污点容忍调度
污点（Taint） 是应用在节点之上的，为了排斥pod 所存在的
容忍度（Toleration）是应用于 Pod 上的，允许（但并不要求）Pod 调度到带有与之匹配的污点的节点上。
结点亲和性，是pod的一种属性(偏好或硬件要求)，它使pod被吸引到一类特点的结点
Taint则相反，它使结点能够排斥一类特点的Pod，Taint和Toleration相互配合使用
2.3.1 污点 taint

设置污点

kubectl taint nodes node1 xtz=value1:NoSchedule

去除污点

kubectl taint nodes node1 xtz:NoSchedule-
#节点说明中，查找 Taints 字段
kubectl describe node node-name
三种调度策略：
PreferNoSchedule(软策略，尽量不调度到污点结点)
NoExecute(不会将 Pod 调度到具有该污点的 Node 上，同时会将 Node 上已经存在的 Pod驱逐出去）
NoSchedule(不会将Pod调度到具有该污点的Node上)
2.3.2 容忍度tolerations
spec:
containers:

• name: nginx
  image: nginx
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  tolerations:
• key: “key1”
  operator: “Equal”
  value: “value1”
  effect: “NoSchedule”
  3 参考资料
  https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45310323/article/details/130718456
  https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/188514195
  https://blog.csdn.net/qq_20042935/article/details/128442108
  https://www.cnblogs.com/ygbh/p/17290915.html#_label1
  https://blog.csdn.net/manwufeilong/article/details/124821748
  https://www.cnblogs.com/ygbh/p/17290915.html#_lab2_1_1