Kubeadm方式搭建k8s集群全流程
执行kubectl get pod,svc后，有一个端口号，在浏览器输入任意一个node的IP加上这个端口号，能访问nginx说明搭建成功。默认token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不可用了。②硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多。④部署kubernetes node，将节点加入kubernetes集群中。通过以上命令，部署CNI失败，试了好多次
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文章目录
一、搭建k8s集群（kubeadm方式）
二、安装步骤
- 安装三台虚拟机，安装操作系统centos7.x
- 对三个操作系统进行初始化操作
- 所有节点安装 Docker/kubeadm/kubelet
- 部署 Kubernetes Master
- 加入 Kubernetes Node
- 部署CNI网络插件
- 测试 kubernetes 集群
一、搭建k8s集群（kubeadm方式）
kubeadm部署方式介绍
kubeadm是官方社区推出的一个用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具，这个工具能通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署：
第一，创建一个master几点 kubeadm init
第二，将node节点加入到当前集群中 $kubeadm join <Master 节点的IP和端口>
安装要求
部署kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：
①一台或多台机器，操作系统CentOs7.x-86_x64
②硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
③集群中所有机器之间网络互通
④可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像
⑤禁止swap分区
最终目标
①在所有节点上安装docker 和kubeadm
②部署kubernetes master
③部署容器网络插件
④部署kubernetes node，将节点加入kubernetes集群中
⑤部署Dashboard Web页面，可视化查看Kubernetes资源
二、安装步骤
- 安装三台虚拟机，安装操作系统centos7.x
192.168.72.129
192.168.72.130
192.168.72.131(master)
- 对三个操作系统进行初始化操作
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop fierwalld #临时关闭
systemctl disable fierwalld #永久关闭
# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
# 关闭swap分区
swapoff -a #临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久
# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
# 在master添加hosts 只在master中执行
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.72.131 k8s-master
192.168.72.129 k8s-node1
192.168.72.130 k8s-node2
EOF
# 将桥接的 IPv4 流量传递到 iptables 的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
- 所有节点安装 Docker/kubeadm/kubelet
安装docker
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
docker --version
添加阿里云 YUM 软件源
# 设置仓库地址
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl restart docker #重启
# 添加 yum 源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
安装 kubeadm，kubelet 和 kubectl
#由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本
yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0
systemctl enable kubelet
- 部署 Kubernetes Master
在master上执行
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.72.131 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.18.0 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
由于默认拉取镜像地址 k8s.gcr.io 国内无法访问，这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。
使用 kubectl 工具：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
kubectl get nodes
5. 加入 Kubernetes Node
在 Node 中执行
向集群添加新节点，执行在 kubeadm init 输出的 kubeadm join 命令：
kubeadm join 192.168.72.131:6443 --token n0nyws.8j0mkjbfwk16adai \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:774e4171fc2a86bff58b49aaf153276f1fff56e93f1ba72e29a4ce3df8
默认token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token
# master 查看节点检查token是否有效
kubeadm token list
# 生成新的token和命令。然后在node重新执行
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
# 在 node节点执行新的token和命令
kubeadm join 192.168.136.201:6443 --token 17wwni.taqxzqa3our1wh92 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1472821b3c34f13bc5d7264a737739e9854195b1856a00d2256c79d25118b2e
- 部署CNI网络插件
kubectl apply –f
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kubeflannel.yml
通过以上命令，部署CNI失败，试了好多次仍然不成功，试试下面这种办法。
①master文件中创建文件，将下述内容粘到文件中，然后进行后续安装。
vim kube-flannel.yml
---
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni-plugin
image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.0
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
volumeMounts:
- name: cni-plugin
mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.15.1
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.15.1
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni-plugin
hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
②部署：
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
③执行如下命令，就会看到节点状态为ready
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
kubectl get nodes
- 测试 kubernetes 集群
在 Kubernetes 集群中创建一个 pod，验证是否正常运行：
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get pod,svc
执行kubectl get pod,svc后，有一个端口号，在浏览器输入任意一个node的IP加上这个端口号，能访问nginx说明搭建成功。
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