1：清单文件AndroidManifest.xml声明：

    <!--Android13以前  -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"  
        android:maxSdkVersion="32"></uses-permission>

    <!--Android13  音乐和音频-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO">
    </uses-permission>
    <!--    照片和视频-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES">
    </uses-permission>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO">
    </uses-permission>

2：代码实现：检查-请求-响应

安卓在6.0新增了危险权限动态申请，使用步骤如下：

checkSelfPermission()：判断权限是否授权

requestPermissions():发起权限的申请

shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale()：权限是否被永久拒绝

onRequestPermissionsResult()：权限授权回调

在非Activity页面:可以通过ContextCompat或者ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission检查

2.1检查：

    public Boolean checkPermission(Activity activity,String permissionName){
        int result = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, permissionName);
        Log.d(TAG,"result:"+result);
        if(result!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
            return true;//拒绝
        else
            return false;//同意
    }

2.2请求：

        //        2 :请求权限
        Log.d(TAG,"Build.VERSION.SDK_INT:"+Build.VERSION.SDK_INT);
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23&&Build.VERSION.SDK_INT<33) {
            Log.d(TAG,"32-请求存储权限");
            if (checkPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)){
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{
                        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
                }, 1);
            }
        }else if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 33){
            Log.d(TAG,"33-请求新版权限");
            if (checkPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES)){
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{
                        Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES
                }, 1);
            }
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "直接进行逻辑", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }

2.3响应

    //        3 :  响应请求权限
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                           @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if(grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
//权限被用户同意了，执行后面逻辑
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"用户同意了这个权限",
                            Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
                else
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"用户否定了这个权限",
                            Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            default:
        }
    }