一、角色分配

1. Prometheus 采集数据
2. Grafana 用于图表展示
3. redis_exporter 用于收集redis的metrics
4. node-exporter 用于收集操作系统和硬件信息的metrics
5. cadvisor 用于收集docker的相关metrics

二、安装Docker

可以参考：https://ximeneschen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/104923157

三、安装Docker-Compose

参考：https://ximeneschen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/125651027

四、部署Prometheus和Grafana

1. 新增Prometheus配置文件

首先，创建/data/prometheus/目录，然后创建prometheus.yml，填入如下内容：

global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.3.250:9093']
      # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  - "node_down.yml"
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.3.250:9094']

  - job_name: 'redis'
    static_configs:
     - targets: ['192.168.3.250:9121']
       labels:
         instance: redis

  - job_name: 'node'
    scrape_interval: 8s
    static_configs:
     - targets: ['192.168.3.250:9100']
       labels:
         instance: node

  - job_name: 'cadvisor'
    static_configs:
     - targets: ['192.168.3.250:8088']
       labels:
         instance: cadvisori
         
  #基于文件自动加载新监控任务
  - job_name: 'file_ds'
    file_sd_configs:
    - files: ['/etc/prometheus/reload/*.yml']
      refresh_interval: 5s

2. 接着创建node_down.yml,添加如下内容：

groups:
- name: node_down
  rules:
  - alert: InstanceDown
    expr: up == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      user: test
    annotations:
      summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} down"
      description: "{{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 1 minutes."

3. 创建docker-compose
   继续在/data/prometheus/目录中创建docker-compose-prometheus.yml,添加如下内容：

version: '2'

networks:
    monitor:
        driver: bridge

services:
    prometheus:
        image: prom/prometheus
        container_name: prometheus
        hostname: prometheus
        restart: always
        volumes:
            - /data/prometheus/reload:/etc/prometheus/reload
            - /data/prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
            - /data/prometheus/node_down.yml:/etc/prometheus/node_down.yml
        ports:
            - "9094:9090"
        networks:
            - monitor

    grafana:
        image: grafana/grafana
        container_name: grafana
        hostname: grafana
        restart: always
        ports:
            - "3000:3000"
        networks:
            - monitor
    redis-exporter:
        image: oliver006/redis_exporter
        container_name: redis_exporter
        hostname: redis_exporter
        restart: always
        ports:
            - "9121:9121"
        networks:
            - monitor
        command:
            - '--redis.addr=redis://192.168.3.250:6379'
            - '--redis.password=password'
    node-exporter:
        image: quay.io/prometheus/node-exporter
        container_name: node-exporter
        hostname: node-exporter
        restart: always
        ports:
            - "9100:9100"
        networks:
            - monitor

    mysql-exporter:
        image: prom/mysqld-exporter
        container_name: mysql-exporter
        hostname: mysql-exporter
        restart: always
        ports:
            - "9104:9104"
        networks:
            - monitor
        environment:
          DATA_SOURCE_NAME: "user:password@(192.168.3.250:3306)/"

    cadvisor:
        image: google/cadvisor:latest
        container_name: cadvisor
        hostname: cadvisor
        restart: always
        volumes:
            - /:/rootfs:ro
            - /var/run:/var/run:rw
            - /sys:/sys:ro
            - /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro
        ports:
            - "8088:8080"
        networks:
            - monitor

• 使用下面的命令启动docker-compose定义的容器

docker-compose -f /data/prometheus/docker-compose-prometheus.yml up -d

输入如下内容即代表启动成功：

Creating network "prometheus_monitor" with driver "bridge"
Creating cadvisor       ... done
Creating prometheus     ... done
Creating node-exporter  ... done
Creating redis_exporter ... done
Creating grafana        ... done

也可通过docker ps命令查看是否启动成功。如果要关闭并删除以上5个容器，只需要执行如下命令即可：

docker-compose -f /data/prometheus/docker-compose-monitor.yml down

同样也会输出如下日志：

Stopping cadvisor       ... done
Stopping node-exporter  ... done
Stopping grafana        ... done
Stopping redis_exporter ... done
Stopping prometheus     ... done
Removing cadvisor       ... done
Removing node-exporter  ... done
Removing grafana        ... done
Removing redis_exporter ... done
Removing prometheus     ... done
Removing network prometheus_monitor

复制代码
打开 http://192.168.3.250:9090/targets ，如果State都是UP即代表Prometheus工作正常，如下图所示：

CentOS7的防火墙firewall将对应的端口添加到防火墙策略里：

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9100/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8088/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9121/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9090/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

可通过如下命令查看端口策略是否已经生效

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --list-ports

五、配置Grafana

打开http://192.168.3.250:3000， 使用默认账号密码admin/admin登录并修改密码后，默认进来是创建数据库的页面，在如下图所示中，选择Prometheus。

选择完成后，打开新的页面，在HTTP的URL中输入Prometheus的地址http://192.168.3.250:9094， 点击保存并测试。

使用Grafana模板进行数据展示，以Node-exporter为例子

在 https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards 中搜索需要的Dashboard模版，并将其json文件下载下来。我本次主要监控node，于是只需要下载下面这个即可：
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/17577-node-exporter-dashboard-22-04-17/
在Grafana菜单栏中第一个+号中，选择import

效果：