VM配置DHCP步骤

一、服务器配置

1.配置网络。

[root@centos7-1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=static

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=ens33

UUID=9f92031e-cb20-4cde-b796-6935a082ba86

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.10.1

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.10.254

DNS1=192.168.10.1
[root@centos7-1 ~]# systemctl restart network     //重启网络

[root@centos7-1 ~]# ip add          //查看并检查配置的网络

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:54:15:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.10.1/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6 fe80::1ff8:ec83:f031:9ce7/64 scope link noprefixroute

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: ens36: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:54:15:c0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000

    link/ether 52:54:00:4d:8b:42 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000

    link/ether 52:54:00:4d:8b:42 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

2.检测系统是否已经安装了DHCP相关软件。

[root@centos7-1 ~]# rpm -qa | grep dhcp

dhcp-libs-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64

dhcp-common-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64

[root@centos7-1 ~]# mkdir /opt/centos                 //创建目录/opt/centos 

[root@centos7-1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom  /opt/centos    //挂载光盘到/opt/centos 下

mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载

[root@centos7-1 ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /home        //移动文件到/home下

3.制作用于安装的yum 源文件。

[root@centos7-1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

[centos]

name=centos

baseurl=file:///opt/centos

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

4.使用yum命令查看dhcp 软件包的信息

[root@centos7-1 ~]# yum info dhcp

已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

centos                                                   | 3.6 kB     00:00     

(1/2): centos/group_gz                                     | 166 kB   00:00     

(2/2): centos/primary_db                                   | 3.1 MB   00:00     

可安装的软件包

名称    :dhcp

架构    :x86_64

时期       :12

版本    :4.2.5

发布    :68.el7.centos.1

大小    :513 k

源    :centos

简介    : Dynamic host configuration protocol software

网址    :http://isc.org/products/DHCP/

协议    : ISC

描述    : DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol which allows

         : individual devices on an IP network to get their own network

         : configuration information (IP address, subnetmask, broadcast address,

         : etc.) from a DHCP server. The overall purpose of DHCP is to make it

         : easier to administer a large network.

         :

         : To use DHCP on your network, install a DHCP service (or relay agent),

         : and on clients run a DHCP client daemon.  The dhcp package provides

         : the ISC DHCP service and relay agent.

5.查看yum状态

[root@centos7-1 ~]# yum repolist

已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

源标识                               源名称                                状态

centos                               centos                                4,021

repolist: 4,021

[root@centos7-1 ~]# yum clean all              //安装前先清除缓存

已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks

正在清理软件源: centos

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

Other repos take up 454 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)

6.安装dhcp

[root@centos7-1 ~]#yum install dhcp -y

已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks

Determining fastest mirrors

centos                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     

(1/2): centos/group_gz                                          | 153 kB  00:00:00     

(2/2): centos/primary_db                                        | 3.3 MB  00:00:00     

正在解决依赖关系

--> 正在检查事务

---> 软件包 dhcp.x86_64.12.4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1 将被 安装

--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

=======================================================================================

 Package       架构            版本                              源               大小

=======================================================================================

正在安装:

 dhcp          x86_64          12:4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1          centos          515 k

事务概要

=======================================================================================

安装  1 软件包

总下载量:515 k

安装大小:1.4 M

Downloading packages:

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

  正在安装    : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64                               1/1

  验证中      : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64                               1/1

已安装:

  dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1                                                 

完毕!

7.软件包安装完毕,可以使用rpm命令再一次进行查询

[root@centos7-1 ~]#rpm -qa |grep dhcp

dhcp-libs-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64

dhcp-common-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64

dhcp-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64

8.配置dhcp主配置

[root@centos7-1 ~]#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style none;

log-facility local7;

subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0

{

range 192.168.10.31 192.168.10.104;

range 192.168.10.106 192.168.10.106;

range 192.168.10.108 192.168.10.200;

option domain-name-servers 192.168.10.1;

#option domain-name "myDHCP.smile.com";  //可用可不用,用的话得有dns

option routers 192.168.10.254;

option broadcast-address 192.168.10.255;

default-lease-time 6a00;

max-lease-time 720;

}

host Client2{

hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:7A:0B:0E;   //客户机指定的网卡地址

fixed-address 192.168.10.105;

}

9.配置完成保存并退出,重启 dhcpd 服务,并设置开机自动启动

[root@centos7-1 ~]#systemctl restart dhcpd       //重启dhcp

[root@centos7-1 ~]#sysemctl enable dhcpd        //开机自启动

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd,service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.

二、在客户端Client1 上进行测试

     因为使用的是VM, 在VMWare 主窗口中,依次打开“编辑”→“虚拟网络编辑器”,打开“虚拟网络编辑器”窗口,选中VMnetl 或 VMnet8,去掉对应的DHCP服务启用选项,如图所示

1.以root用户身份登录名为Clientl的Linux计算机,依次单击“应用程序"→"系统工具”→“设置"→“网络",打开“网络”对话框,如图所示。

                                

 

2.在图1-5弹出的“有线”对话框架中单击“IPv4”选项,并将“IPv4 Method选项配置为“自动(DHCP)”,最后单击“Apply”(应用)按钮,如图所示。

                                 

3.在下图中先选择“关闭"关闭“有线",再选择“打开”打开“有线”。这时会看到下图所示的结果:Clientl 成功获取到了 DHCP服务器地址池的一个地址。                       

三、在客户端Client2 上进行测试
     同样以root 用户身份登录名为 Client2 的 Linux计算机,按上面“4.在客户端Clientl上进行测试”的方法,设置Client自动获取IP地址,最后的结果如图所示。

注意:利用网络卡配置文件也可设置使用 DHCP服务器获取IP地址。在该配置文件中,"IPADDR=192.168.1.1,PREFIX=24,NETMASK=255.255.255.0、HWADDR=00:0C:29:A2:BA:98"等条目删除,将“BOOTPROTO=none”改为“BOOTPROTO=dhcp”。设置完成,一定要重启网络管理服务。

四.Windows 客户端配置
(1)Windows 客户端比较简单,在TCP/IP属性中设置自动获取就可以。
(2)在 Windows 命令提示符下,利用ipconfig可以释放IP地址后,重新获取IP地址。相关命令如下。
释放IP地址:ipconfig /release。

重新申请IP地址:ipconfig /renew。

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