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1、mii-tool 配置网络设备协商方式的工具;

    1.1 mii-tool 介绍;

    mii-tool - view, manipulate media-independent interface status (mii-tool 是查看,管理介质的网络接口的状态)

    有时网卡需要配置协商方式 ,比如10/100/1000M的网卡半双工、全双工、自动协商的配置 。但大多数的网络设备是不用我们来修改协商,因为大多数网络设置接入的时候,都采用自动协商来解决相互通信的问题。不过自动协商也不是万能的,有时也会出现错误,比如丢包率比较高,这时就要我们来指定网卡的协商方式 。

    mii-tool 就是能指定网卡的协商方式。下面我们说一说mii-tool的用法;

    1.2 mii-tool 的用法;

    mii-tool 在更改网络设备通信协商方式的方法比较简单,用 -v 参数来查看网络接口的状态;看下面的例子;

    mii-tool 更改网络接口协商的方法;

    [root@localhost ~]#  mii-tool  --help
    usage: mii-tool [-VvRrwl] [-A media,... | -F media] [interface ...]
           -V, --version               display version information
           -v, --verbose               more verbose output 注:显示网络接口的信息;
           -R, --reset                 reset MII to poweron state 注:重设MII到开启状态;
           -r, --restart               restart autonegotiation 注:重启自动协商模式;
           -w, --watch                 monitor for link status changes 注:查看网络接口连接的状态变化;
           -l, --log                   with -w, write events to syslog 注:写入事件到系统日志;
           -A, --advertise=media,...   advertise only specified media 注:指令特定的网络接口;
           -F, --force=media           force specified media technology 注:更改网络接口协商方式;
    media: 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD,
           (to advertise both HD and FD) 100baseTx, 10baseT

    * 实例一:查看网络接口的协商状态;

    [root@localhost ~]# mii-tool -v eth0
    eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
      product info: vendor 00:00:00, model 0 rev 0
    basic mode:   autonegotiation enabled
      basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok
      capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
      advertising:  100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
      link partner: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control

    注:上面的例子,我们可以看得到是自动协商。注意红字的部份;

    * 实例二:更改网络接口协商方式;

    更改网络接口的协商方式,我们要用到-F选项,后面可以接 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD等参数;

    如果我们想把网络接口eth0改为 1000Mb/s全双工的模式应该怎么办呢?

    [root@localhost ~]# mii-tool -F  100baseTx-FD
    [root@localhost ~]#mii-tool -v eth0
    eth0: 100 Mbit, full duplex, link ok
      product info: vendor 00:00:00, model 0 rev 0
      basic mode:   100 Mbit, full duplex
      basic status: link ok
      capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
      advertising:  100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD

    注:是不是已经改过来了?当然,我们也一样用ethtool 工具来更改,比如执行下面的命令;

    [root@localhost ~]#  ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full

    2、ethtool 工具关于网络协商功能介绍;

    ethtool - Display or change ethernet card settings(ethtool 是用来显示和更改网卡设置的工具);这个工具比较复杂,功能也特别多。由于洋文比较难懂。所以我们还是把网络设备协商方式的设置方法说一说。

    2.1 ethtool 显示网络端口设置功能;

    这个功能比较好办。就是ethtool 后面直接接网絽接口就行;比如下面的例子;

    [root@localhost ~]# ethtool eth0

    Settings for eth0:
            Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
            Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                    100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
            Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
            Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                    100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
            Advertised auto-negotiation: No 注:自动协商关闭
            Speed: 100Mb/s 注:速度 100Mb
            Duplex: Full 注:全双工
            Port: MII
            PHYAD: 32
            Transceiver: internal
            Auto-negotiation: off
            Supports Wake-on: pumbg
            Wake-on: d
            Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
            Link detected: yes 注:eth0已经激活;

    2.2 ethtool 设置网卡的协商模式;

    在ethtool的-h帮助中我们查看到有这样的帮助信息;

    ethtool -s DEVNAME \
                    [ speed 10|100|1000 ] \
                    [ duplex half|full ]    \
                    [ port tp|aui|bnc|mii|fibre ] \
                    [ autoneg on|off ] \

* 实例一: 把网卡eth0 速度改为10Mb/s,采用半双工;

    [root@cuc03 beinan]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 10 duplex half

    [root@cuc03 beinan]# ethtool eth1

    Settings for eth1:
            Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
            Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                    100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
            Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
            Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                    100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
            Advertised auto-negotiation: No
            Speed: 10Mb/s 注:速度 10M/s
            Duplex: Half  注:半双工
            Port: MII
            PHYAD: 32
            Transceiver: internal
            Auto-negotiation: off
            Supports Wake-on: pumbg
            Wake-on: d
            Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
            Link detected: no 注:eth1没有激活;

    * 实例二: 把网卡eth0 速度改为100Mb/s,采用全双工;

    [root@cuc03 beinan]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full

    [root@cuc03 beinan]# ethtool eth1

    Settings for eth1:
            Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
            Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                    100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
            Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
            Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                    100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
            Advertised auto-negotiation: No
            Speed: 100Mb/s  注:速度 100M/s
            Duplex: Full 注:全双工
            Port: MII
            PHYAD: 32
            Transceiver: internal
            Auto-negotiation: off
            Supports Wake-on: pumbg
            Wake-on: d
            Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
            Link detected: no 注:eth1网卡没有激活;

 

    附加:网络介质类型

    100BASE-TX指的是使用两对非屏蔽双绞线接线或者屏蔽双绞线接线的100Mbit/s基带快速以太网规范。

    1000/100一般代表该网络所支持的最高数据传输速率为1000Mbp。

    base表示基带传输

    t表示的是物理层介质,这里是双绞线(一对,只能工作于单工模式,一根代表低电平,一根代表高电平)

    tx表示是物理层介质, 这里是双绞线(两对,一对收一对发)

    SX代表短波长传输

    FX代表光纤传输

    TX代表采用双绞线传输

    Port Speed

    Description

    10baseT-HD

    10 megabit half duplex

    10baseT-FD

    10 megabit full duplex

    100baseTx-HD

    100 megabit half duplex

    100baseTx-FD

    100 megabit full duplex



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