k8s–基础–25.3–Helm–常用命令和常见错误

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1、创建一个chart实例

1. 在master1上操作

1.1、创建一个chart实例

[root@master1 helm]# helm create xianchao
[root@master1 helm]# tree xianchao
xianchao
├── charts
├── Chart.yaml
├── templates
│   ├── deployment.yaml
│   ├── _helpers.tpl
│   ├── ingress.yaml
│   ├── NOTES.txt
│   ├── service.yaml
│   └── tests
│       └── test-connection.yaml
└── values.yaml

3 directories, 8 files

1.2、说明

1.2.1、Chart.yaml

1. 用来描述当前chart有哪属性信息，存放当前程序包的元数据信息，包的名字，版本等
2. 跟部署k8s应用无关系，只是记录chart的信息的

[root@master1 xianchao]# cat Chart.yaml 
apiVersion: v1//api版本，跟部署k8s应用无关系 
appVersion: "1.0"//app版本，跟部署k8s应用无关系 
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes //描述
name: xianchao//Chart的名称，跟部署k8s应用无关系 
version: 0.1.0//Chart的版本，跟部署k8s应用无关系

1.2.2、templates

1. 模板
2. 定义k8s的yaml文件，大量调用go语言的语法
3. 跟ansible的playbook一样，ansible的playbook也可以使用模板

[root@master1 templates]# cat /root/helm/xianchao/templates/deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: {{ include "xianchao.fullname" . }}
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ include "xianchao.name" . }}
    helm.sh/chart: {{ include "xianchao.chart" . }}
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
spec:
  replicas: {{ .Values.replicaCount }}
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ include "xianchao.name" . }}
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ include "xianchao.name" . }}
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: {{ .Chart.Name }}
          image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}"
          imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy }}
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /
              port: http
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /
              port: http
          resources:
            {{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 12 }}
      {{- with .Values.nodeSelector }}
      nodeSelector:
        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
      {{- end }}
    {{- with .Values.affinity }}
      affinity:
        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
    {{- end }}
    {{- with .Values.tolerations }}
      tolerations:
        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
    {{- end }}

1.2.3、README.md

帮助手册

1.2.4、values.yaml

为模板中的每一个属性提供值

[root@master1 xianchao]# cat cat /root/helm/xianchao/values.yaml 
 
replicaCount: 1

image:
  repository: nginx
  tag: stable
  pullPolicy: IfNotPresent

nameOverride: ""
fullnameOverride: ""

service:
  type: ClusterIP
  port: 80

ingress:
  enabled: false
  annotations: {}
  hosts:
    - host: chart-example.local
      paths: []

  tls: []

resources: {}

nodeSelector: {}

tolerations: []

affinity: {}

2、常用命令

2.1、部署k8s应用

 
# 使用stable仓库，名称为memcached的chart,进行部署，部署的名称为memcached
# helm install  --name memcached stable/memcached  

# 部署
helm install  /root/helm/xianchao

# 查看
kubectl get pods

2.2、查看有哪些release

helm list 

2.3、helm package 打包chart

helm package /root/helm/xianchao

生成的tgz包可以发送到任意服务器上，通过helm fetch就可以获取该chart

2.4、删除指定的release

1. 删除指定的release(helm list查看到的)
2. 同时删除了部署在kubernetes上的服务

helm delete  releaseName

2.5、查看chart仓库 列表

helm repo list 

2.6、添加chart仓库

# 先移除原先的仓库
helm repo remove stable
helm repo remove bitnami

# 添加repo
helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
helm repo add stable https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts

# 更新chart仓库
helm repo update   

2.7、查找所有的chart

helm search

2.8、查找mysql chart

helm search mysql

2.9、查看指定chart的详细信息

helm inspect bitnami/mysql 

2.10、升级一个版本

helm upgrade
helm upgrade [RELEASE] [CHART] [flags]

2.11、回滚一个版本

helm rollback
helm rollback [flags] [RELEASE] [REVISION]

2.12、查看release历史

helm  history releaseName

helm  history wonderful-echidna

2.13、把chart下载下来

 
helm  fetch chartName

helm fetch stable/rabbitmq-ha

2.14、获取渲染后的yaml文件

 
helm install --debug --dry-run ./

3、常见错误

3.1、Error: stat /root/.helm/repository/local: no such file or directory

3.2、Couldn’t load repositories file (/root/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml).

Error: Couldn't load repositories file (/root/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml).
You might need to run `helm init` (or `helm init --client-only` if tiller is already installed)

创建对应的目录

mkdir -p /root/.helm/repository/
 

创建repositories.yaml

vi /root/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml

内容

apiVersion: v1
generated: 2019-04-03T21:52:41.714422328-04:00
repositories:
- caFile: ""
  cache: /root/.helm/repository/cache/bitnami-index.yaml
  certFile: ""
  keyFile: ""
  name: bitnami
  password: ""
  url: https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
  username: ""
- caFile: ""
  cache: /root/.helm/repository/cache/stable-index.yaml
  certFile: ""
  keyFile: ""
  name: stable
  password: ""
  url: https://cnych.github.io/kube-charts-mirror
  username: ""
# CA 证书文件
- caFile: "" 
  certFile: ""
  # 缓存文件
  cache: /root/.helm/repository/cache/local-repo-index.yaml
  keyFile: ""
  # 仓库名称
  name: local-repo
  # 用户密码
  password: "" 
  username: ""
  # 本地仓库地址，因为我们没有，这里就随便写
  url: http://172.16.0.1:8879
- caFile: ""
  cache: /root/.helm/repository/cache/local-index.yaml
  certFile: ""
  keyFile: ""
  name: local
  password: ""
  url: http://127.0.0.1:8879/charts
  username: ""

3.3、执行helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami报错

[root@master1 ~]# helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
Error: Looks like "https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami" is not a valid chart repository or cannot be reached: open /root/.helm/repository/cache/bitnami-index.yaml: no such file or directory

创建目录

mkdir -p /root/.helm/repository/cache

把下面文件拷贝到这个目录即可