Docker笔记第五节(常用命令-其他部分基本命令）

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Gin_Zou

1881人浏览 · 2022-03-15 16:02:33

Gin_Zou · 2022-03-15 16:02:33 发布

参考视频：

1、后台启动容器

#命令 docker run -d 镜像名

docker run -d centos

#问题1:  docker ps,发现centos停止了
#问题2： docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker没有发现应用就会自动停止。
#问题3:  nginx容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了。

2、查看日志

docker logs | Docker Documentationdocker logs: The `docker logs` command batch-retrieves logs present at the time of execution. > **Note** > > This command is only functional for containers that are started with the...https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/logs/

docker logs [参数] 容器id 

#部分参数
名称         简写	  默认	   描述
--details		               显示提供给日志的额外详细信息
--follow,     -f		       关注日志输出
--since		                   显示自时间戳（例如 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z）或相对时间（例如 42m 42 分钟）以来的日志
--tail,       -n	  all	   从日志末尾显示的行数
--timestamps, -t		       显示时间戳
--until		                   API 1.35+
                               在时间戳（例如 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z）或相对时间（例如 42m 42 分钟）之前显示日志

这里可以启动一个容器，并且输出语句来进行查看。

docker run -d --name="guoergouCentOS" /bin/bash -c "while true,echo guoergounb!";sleep 1;done"  #每秒重复打印guoergounb

通过日志命令可以看到其打印内容。

docker logs -f -t --tail 10 containerId #查询容器的日志，每次打印十行

3、查看进程的PID

docker top containerId
#可以看到该容器中的进程信息。

# docker top d2f
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                9300                9281                0                   14:48               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo guoergou; sleep 1; done
root                9341                9300                0                   14:48               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

4、查看镜像元数据

docker inspect containerId
#查看容器信息

输出结果能够得到如下内容

[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# docker inspect d2f801
[
{
"Id": "d2f801c339c85f32aa9038a8c297b0aaae0f7209149ae0e65a1e425f07f456ae",
"Created": "2022-03-15T06:48:22.903469141Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo guoergou; sleep 1; done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 9300,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-03-15T06:48:23.229866241Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d2f801c339c85f32aa9038a8c297b0aaae0f7209149ae0e65a1e425f07f456ae/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d2f801c339c85f32aa9038a8c297b0aaae0f7209149ae0e65a1e425f07f456ae/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d2f801c339c85f32aa9038a8c297b0aaae0f7209149ae0e65a1e425f07f456ae/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d2f801c339c85f32aa9038a8c297b0aaae0f7209149ae0e65a1e425f07f456ae/d2f801c339c85f32aa9038a8c297b0aaae0f7209149ae0e65a1e425f07f456ae-json.log",
"Name": "/myShellCentOS",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1cf54445fd1ff678d1c39bfb9a6d4da5357e68aa27204e83d167868a1bdbb1f2-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/39aec0e6d276578243fc647b44260880e6bb8ef62c73dc6b38c8e871977e3dc3/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1cf54445fd1ff678d1c39bfb9a6d4da5357e68aa27204e83d167868a1bdbb1f2/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1cf54445fd1ff678d1c39bfb9a6d4da5357e68aa27204e83d167868a1bdbb1f2/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1cf54445fd1ff678d1c39bfb9a6d4da5357e68aa27204e83d167868a1bdbb1f2/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "d2f801c339c8",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true;do echo guoergou; sleep 1; done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "ff84d0aa3558f194eeeca3dfcc296878585550925d73a16acd8b88bde5e7d6e9",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/ff84d0aa3558",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "aa165ef660334b8f21f4d2452c206e4b29b8588e7d842ae170e7e56e779e5dc4",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "2a4947f8e9074f2052f736873949c647254f7689f60bbf5ec280e1c129ea1855",
"EndpointID": "aa165ef660334b8f21f4d2452c206e4b29b8588e7d842ae170e7e56e779e5dc4",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]

5、进入容器命令以及拷贝命令

#我们容器几乎都是后台运行，我们如何进入？
#命令1 开启一个新的终端进入操作
docker exec -it containerID bashShell

#命令2 直接进入容器正在执行的通道
docker attach containerID

6、从容器拷贝文件到主机

#命令
docker cp 容器Id:容器路径   目的主机路径

比如，我在容器中新建了一个guoergou.txt的文件，我要移到当前主机中。

1、新建容器并创建文件

docker run -it --name='guoergouCentOS' centos /bin/bash
[root@556b22621773 usr]# cd /home/
[root@556b22621773 home]# ls
[root@556b22621773 home]# touch guoergou.txt
[root@556b22621773 home]# ls
guoergou.txt
[root@556b22621773 home]# vi guoergou.txt

2、进行文件拷贝，从容器退出来后
#命令 在主机上进行操作
docker cp containerId:/path/file /path/
#比如，我创建好的guoergou.txt在容器id为556b22621773中的/home目录下
#那么拷贝出来就是
docker cp 556b2:/home/guoergou.txt /home
由此拷贝出来是成功的。

目前拷贝是一个手动的过程，未来使用 -v 卷的技术，实现自动同步。

7、主机内容拷贝到容器当中

#命令 也就是和容器拷贝出主机的顺序颠倒一下
docker cp 目录 containerId:目录

比如主机的guodagou.txt拷贝到容器当中。
#命令
docker cp /home/guodagou.txt containerId:/home/
进入容器中查看

这样完成了手动拷贝到容器当中

8、小结

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  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  #当前shell下 attach连接指定运行的镜像
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #拷贝文件
  create      Create a new container #创建一个新的容器
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器的变化
  events      Get real time events from the server # 从服务获取容器实时时间
  exec        Run a command in a running container # 在运行中的容器上运行命令
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器文件系统作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
  history     Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
  images      List images #列出系统当前的镜像
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image #从tar包中导入内容创建一个文件系统镜像
  info        Display system-wide information # 显示全系统信息
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects #查看容器详细信息
  kill        Kill one or more running containers # kill指定docker容器
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从一个tar包或标准输入中加载一个镜像[对应save]
  login       Log in to a Docker registry #注册或者登陆一个docker源服务器
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry # 从当前的docker registry 退出
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container # 输出当前容器的日志信息
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers # 暂停容器
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container # 查看映射端口对应容器的源端口
  ps          List containers # 列出容器列表
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry # 拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像 
  rename      Rename a container # 重命名容器
  restart     Restart one or more containers # 重启动容器
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) # 保存镜像为一个tar包
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE # 给源中镜像打标签
  top         Display the running processes of a container 
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers # 取消暂停
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes #截取容器停止时的推出状态值

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