Docker搭建lnmp详解

项目架构

整合最简便的docker环境搭建，用于记录；所有步骤均已验证；
目的是为了快速配置，若需要配置更详细，可自行扩展

1.安装docker

apt-get install curl
curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh

菜鸟教程：http://www.runoob.com/docker/ubuntu-docker-install.html

2.拉取Ubuntu镜像

注意：此处使用ubuntu20.04 ；使用16.04后续可能会有问题

docker pull ubuntu:20.04
docker images

3.使用拉取的镜像创建容器，启动并进入容器

docker run -dit --name my-lnmp ubuntu:20.04
docker ps
docker exec -it my-lnmp /bin/bash

4.更新apt，安装curl、vim

apt-get update
apt-get install curl
apt-get install vim
apt-get install unzip

5.安装php
php5.6安装 https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaaa/p/16534091.html

apt-get install php7.4
apt-get install php7.4-mysql php7.4-curl php7.4-xml php7.4-json php7.4-fpm php7.4-gd php7.4-mbstring php-mongodb php-memcached php-redis
php -v

安装其他版本的PHP，如果ppa包没有对应版本 可以执行更新操作
例：

sudo apt update && apt install -y software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y php8.1
php -v # Outputs “PHP 8.1.3 …”

切换php版本，运行

service php8.1-fpm restart
即可生成php8.1-fpm.sock，配置nginx指向新的fpm即可

配置php.ini

vim /etc/php/7.4/fpm/php.ini

#将cgi.fix_pathinfo=1这一行去掉注释，将1改为0

配置php-fpm

vim /etc/php/7.4/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

修改 listen = /var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock

启动php

service php7.4-fpm start

6.安装nginx

apt-get install nginx

配置nginx（nginx配置文件位置：etc/nginx）

vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

在service里面，location /{}中 解除 location ~ .php$ {}中的注释 与fpm建立连接

示例：

1 ##
  2 # You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
  3 # of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
  4 # https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
  5 # https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
  6 # https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
  7 #
  8 # In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
  9 # leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
 10 # updated by the nginx packaging team.
 11 #
 12 # This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
 13 # applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
 14 # available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
 15 #
 16 # Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
 17 ##
 18 
 19 # Default server configuration
 20 #
 21 server {
 22         listen 80 default_server;
 23         listen [::]:80 default_server;
 24 
 25         # SSL configuration
 26         #
 27         # listen 443 ssl default_server;
 28         # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
 29         #
 29         #
 30         # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
 31         # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
 32         #
 33         # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
 34         # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
 35         #
 36         # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
 37         # Don't use them in a production server!
 38         #
 39         # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;
 40 
 41         root /var/www/fs-new-livechat/public;
 42 
 43         # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
 44         index index.html index.php index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
 45 
 46         server_name _;
 47 
 48         location / {
 49                 # First attempt to serve request as file, then
 50                 # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
 51                 try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
 52                 index  index.html index.htm index.php;
 53                 autoindex  on;
 54                 if (!-e $request_filename) {
 55                         rewrite  ^(.*)$ /index.php?s=/$1  last;
 56                         break;
 57                  }
 58                 #try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
 59         }
 60 
 61         # pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
 62         #
 63         location ~ \.php$ {
 64                 include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
 65 
 66                 # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
 67                 fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
 68                 # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
 69                 # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
 70         }
 71 
 72         # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
 73         # concurs with nginx's one
 74         #
 75         #location ~ /\.ht {
 76         #       deny all;
 77         #}
 78 }
 79 
 80 
 81 # Virtual Host configuration for example.com
 82 #
 83 # You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
 84 # to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
 85 #
 86 #server {
 87 #       listen 80;
 88 #       listen [::]:80;
 89 #
 90 #       server_name example.com;
 91 #
 92 #       root /var/www/example.com;
 93 #       index index.html;
 94 #
 95 #       location / {
 96 #               try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
 97 #       }
 98 #}                                                                                                                           66,1-8        46%
                                                                                                                            

启动nginx

service nginx start

测试nginx运行

1.新建index.php 写入内容
vim /var/www/html index.php
2.使用curl访问
curl localhost
3.若成功输出，则ok 若有报错 则可在/var/log/nginx中查看错误日志
问题多数为nginx配置文件有问题

7.安装mysql

apt-get install mysql-server

启动mysql

service mysql start

8.设置开机自启动

vim ~/.bashrc

在文件开头加入以下内容
#auto start
service php7.4-fpm start
service mysql start
service nginx start

9.打包容器镜像
上述安装全部完成后，可exit;退出docker容器，开始打包镜像
打包容器镜像有多种方式，可上传到阿里云，也可上传到docker注册中心或者打包到本地
此处打包到本地rar文件

查看容器对应的id，制作镜像

docker ps
docker commit -p <容器的id> <镜像名称>

打包镜像为rar文件

docker save -o ~/文件名.tar 镜像名称

10.使用打包好的文件解压成docker镜像

使用 （find / -name 文件名称）查找文件位置
load加载镜像rar文件，加载完成后即可解压成镜像

docker load -i 文件位置/文件名.tar
docker images

11.创建容器

映射docker端口、项目地址到本地(var/www)

docker run -dit -p 80:80 -p 3306:3306 -p 9000:22 -v /var/www/:/var/www/  --name <容器名> <镜像名> /bin/bash
docker ps

设置时区：-v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai:/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai
-e TZ=Asia/Shanghai

12.浏览器访问

使用docker虚拟机ip（ifconfig）即可访问项目

Docker命令

docker images 查看所有镜像
docker rmi -f <镜像名> 删除镜像
docker ps -a 查看容器
docker start/stop <容器名>
docker rm <容器id> 删除容器
docker exec -it <容器名> /bin/bash 进入容器

参考文献：

https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_34496643/article/details/78602723
https://www.cnblogs.com/yizhipanghu/p/9681225.html

其他方式：服务器单nginx+多php容器

还可以使用服务器单nginx+多php容器的方式，实现更简洁并可节省nginx内存开销
Docker-LNMP架构 创建多项目服务

ngixn端口代理

Nginx代理-端口转发