**
参考：https

1. 概述和组件说明

对于Kubernetes的日志采收集，目前官方现在比较推荐的日志收集解决方案是 Elasticsearch、Fluentd 和 Kibana（EFK）技术栈。

• Elasticsearch 是一个实时的、分布式的可扩展的搜索引擎，允许进行全文、结构化搜索，它通常用于索引和搜索大量日志数据，也可用于搜索许多不同类型的文档。
• Fluentd是一个流行的开源数据收集器，我们将在 Kubernetes 集群节点上安装 Fluentd，通过获取容器日志文件、过滤和转换日志数据，然后将数据传递到 Elasticsearch 集群，在该集群中对其进行索引和存储。
• Kibana 是一个功能强大的数据可视化 Dashboard，Kibana 允许你通过 web 界面来浏览 Elasticsearch 日志数据。

2. 收集流程

Kubernetes集群的pod日志需要收集分析，这个大家都懂，pod的日志存放在 /var/log/containers/ 这个目录

1. 首先把pod(/var/log/containers/)日志目录挂载到 fluentd；
2. 其次fluentd负责把数据推送至eastlastsearch(集群) ；
3. 最后kibana对eastlastsearch日志进行查看

3. 环境说明

ip	hostname	系统版本	内核版本	集群版本	节点属性
172.16.99.139	k8s-m1	CentOS 7.8.2003	3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64	1.18.0	master
172.16.99.140	k8s-m2	CentOS 7.8.2003	3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64	1.18.0	master
172.16.99.141	k8s-m3	CentOS 7.8.2003	3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64	1.18.0	master
172.16.18.179	k8s-n1	CentOS 7.8.2003	3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64	1.18.0	node
172.16.18.181	k8s-n2	CentOS 7.8.2003	3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64	1.18.0	node
172.16.18.180	k8s-n3	CentOS 7.8.2003	3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64	1.18.0	node

4. EFK环境部署

4.1 创建专有的命名空间

cat <<EOF >kube-logging.yaml
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-logging
EOF

kubectl create -f kube-logging.yaml

4.2 创建es集群

4.2.1 创建pvc

由于需要对es集群的数据做持久化，所以需要提前创建pvc，本篇章的持久化时基于NFS文件系统提供，通过StorageClass来实现

NFS服务安装部署参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44729138/article/details/106048003
StorageClass参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44729138/article/details/105865840

SC的创建过程如下：

4.2.1.1 创建sa、rbac

cat <<EOF >nfs-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    namespace: default  #此处不做限制，因为SC属于集群级别的资源
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF

kubectl create -f nfs-rbac.yaml

4.2.1.2 定义SC动态存储

cat <<EOF >nfs-storageclass.yaml
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: managed-nfs-storage  #定义pv的名字
provisioner: fuseim.pri/ifs
EOF

kubectl create -f nfs-storageclass.yaml

4.2.1.3 创建nfs-claim

cat <<EOF >nfs-claim.yaml
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-claim
  annotations:
    volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: "managed-nfs-storage"  #匹配pv
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 10Gi  #定义存储的容量
EOF

kubectl create -f nfs-claim.yaml

4.2.1.4 创建SC

cat <<EOF >nfs-sc-dep.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
spec:
  replicas: 1
  strategy:        #容器重启策略 Recreate 删除所有已启动容器,重新启动新容器
    type: Recreate
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nfs-client-provisioner
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-client-provisioner
    spec:
    #  imagePullSecrets:
    #    - name: registry-pull-secret
      serviceAccount: nfs-client-provisioner
      containers:
        - name: nfs-client-provisioner
          image: quay.io/external_storage/nfs-client-provisioner:latest
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          volumeMounts:
            - name: nfs-client-root
              mountPath: /persistentvolumes
          env:
            - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
              #定义 StorageClass 里面的 provisioner 字段
              value: fuseim.pri/ifs
            - name: NFS_SERVER
              value: 172.16.18.180 #NFS 真实服务器 IP
            - name: NFS_PATH
              value: /nfs/nfs_client
      volumes:
        - name: nfs-client-root
          nfs:
            server: 172.16.18.180 #NFS 真实服务器 IP
            path: /nfs/nfs_client
EOF

kubectl create -f nfs-sc-dep.yaml

4.2.1.5 查看创建好的SC

kubectl get sc,pod

4.2.2 创建 elasticsearch statefulSet服务

4.2.2.1 创建es svc服务

cat <<EOF>elasticsearch_svc.yaml
kind: Service #创建es svc
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: elasticsearch
  namespace: kube-logging
  labels:
    app: elasticsearch
spec:
  selector:
    app: elasticsearch
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
    - port: 9200
      name: rest
    - port: 9300
      name: inter-node
EOF

kubectl create -f elasticsearch_svc.yaml

4.2.2.2 创建es statefulset服务

[root@k8s-m1 es]# cat elasticsearch_statefulset.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: es-cluster
  namespace: kube-logging
spec:
  serviceName: elasticsearch
  replicas: 3  #节点数量
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: elasticsearch
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: elasticsearch
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: elasticsearch
        image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.2.0  #es的镜像版本
        resources:  #服务的资源配额
            limits:
              cpu: 1000m
            requests:
              cpu: 100m
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9200
          name: rest
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9300
          name: inter-node
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data  #es服务容器内的数据目录
          mountPath: /usr/share/elasticsearch/data
        env:
          - name: cluster.name   #es集群名称
            value: k8s-logs
          - name: node.name
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.name
          - name: discovery.seed_hosts
            value: "es-cluster-0.elasticsearch,es-cluster-1.elasticsearch,es-cluster-2.elasticsearch"
          - name: cluster.initial_master_nodes
            value: "es-cluster-0,es-cluster-1,es-cluster-2"
          - name: ES_JAVA_OPTS
            value: "-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
      initContainers:  #这个时es服务在启动前需要的一些启动参数
      - name: fix-permissions
        image: busybox
        command: ["sh", "-c", "chown -R 1000:1000 /usr/share/elasticsearch/data"]
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /usr/share/elasticsearch/data
      - name: increase-vm-max-map
        image: busybox
        command: ["sysctl", "-w", "vm.max_map_count=262144"]
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
      - name: increase-fd-ulimit
        image: busybox
        command: ["sh", "-c", "ulimit -n 65536"]
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: data
      labels:
        app: elasticsearch
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 10Gi
EOF

kubectl create -f elasticsearch_statefulset.yaml

查看es集群创建好的pod

验证es集群状态是否ok
kubectl port-forward es-cluster-0 9200:9200 --namespace=kube-logging #将es-cluster-0容器的9200映射出来

4.3 创建kibana 服务

cat <<EOF>kibana.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kibana
  namespace: kube-logging
  labels:
    app: kibana
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 5601
  selector:
    app: kibana
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kibana
  namespace: kube-logging
  labels:
    app: kibana
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kibana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kibana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kibana
        image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:7.2.0  #镜像版本
        resources:  #资源配额
          limits:
            cpu: 1000m
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
        env:
          - name: ELASTICSEARCH_URL
            value: http://elasticsearch:9200
        ports:
        - containerPort: 5601
EOF

kubectl create -f kibana.yaml

验证kibana服务
kubectl port-forward kibana-6c9fb4b5b7-plbg2 5601:5601 --namespace=kube-logging #将kibana容器的端口映射出来

4.4 创建fluentd daemonset

此处，我们以daemonset的方式部署fluentd，这个服务可以以pod的方式运行在k8s集群的任意节点上。

分别创建了sa、ClusterRole、ClusterRoleBinding、DaemonSet四种资源

cat <<EOF> fluentd.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: fluentd
  namespace: kube-logging
  labels:
    app: fluentd
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: fluentd
  labels:
    app: fluentd
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: fluentd
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: fluentd
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: fluentd
  namespace: kube-logging
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: fluentd
  namespace: kube-logging
  labels:
    app: fluentd
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: fluentd
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: fluentd
    spec:
      serviceAccount: fluentd
      serviceAccountName: fluentd
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        effect: NoSchedule
      containers:
      - name: fluentd
        image: fluent/fluentd-kubernetes-daemonset:v1.4.2-debian-elasticsearch-1.1
        env:
          - name:  FLUENT_ELASTICSEARCH_HOST
            value: "elasticsearch.kube-logging.svc.cluster.local"
          - name:  FLUENT_ELASTICSEARCH_PORT
            value: "9200"
          - name: FLUENT_ELASTICSEARCH_SCHEME
            value: "http"
          - name: FLUENTD_SYSTEMD_CONF
            value: disable
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 512Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 200Mi
        volumeMounts:
        - name: varlog
          mountPath: /var/log
        - name: varlibdockercontainers
          mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
          readOnly: true
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: varlog
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log
      - name: varlibdockercontainers
        hostPath:
          path: /var/lib/docker/containers
EOF

kubectl create -f fluentd.yaml

4.5 kibana上创建索引

http://ip:port —> Management —> Index Patterns —> Create index pattern —> 命名索引名称

http://ip:port —> Discover

4.6 创建一个容器测试下

cat <<EOF> counter.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: counter
spec:
  containers:
  - name: count
    image: busybox
    args: [/bin/sh, -c,
            'i=0; while true; do echo "$i: $(date)"; i=$((i+1)); sleep 1; done']
EOF

kubectl create -f counter.yaml

由于容器counter的时区和本地不一样，所以显示出来的日志时间差了8小时，但是起码说明日志收集时没问题。

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