Oracle CDB PDB的备份与恢复

PDB的备份与恢复：一：备份恢复整个CDB：备份整个多租户容器数据库（CDB）类似于备份非CDB数据库。备份整个CDB时，RMAN会备份根容器以及所有可插拔数据库（PDB）和归档重做日志。备份整个CDB后，可以从CDB备份中恢复整个CDB，或者仅恢复根容器，或者恢复一个或多个PDB。1.连接至根容器[oracle@server1]$ rman target /2.备份整个CDBRMAN>BA

DBhanG

4179人浏览 · 2020-09-07 10:25:18

DBhanG · 2020-09-07 10:25:18 发布

PDB的备份与恢复：

一：备份恢复整个CDB：

备份整个多租户容器数据库（CDB）类似于备份非CDB数据库。
备份整个CDB时，RMAN会备份根容器以及所有可插拔数据库（PDB）和归档重做日志。
备份整个CDB后，可以从CDB备份中恢复整个CDB，或者仅恢复根容器，或者恢复一个或多个PDB。

1.连接至根容器
[oracle@server1]$ rman target /
2.备份整个CDB
RMAN>BACKUP DATABASE;
RMAN>BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; //包含归档
3.利用该备份恢复整个CDB
RMAN>restore database
RMAN>recover database
4.利用该备份仅恢复根容器
RMAN>restore database root
RMAN>recover database root
5.利用该备份恢复一个或多个PDB
RMAN>restore pluggable database pdb1 / pdb1,pdb2
RMAN>recover pluggable database pdb1 / pdb1,pdb2

二：备份恢复根容器：

1.备份
RMAN>backup database root  //只备份根容器

2.恢复
startup force mount //启动到mount模式
RMAN>restore database root //恢复根容器
RMAN>recover database root

三：备份恢复整个PDB：

连接到根容器，然后使用BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB_NAME命令。这种方法使您可以使用单个命令备份多个PDB。

当您连接到根并备份PDB时，该备份对根和该特定PDB可见，但对其他PDB不可见。
连接到PDB并使用BACKUP DATABASE命令。这种方法仅备份单个PDB，并使您能够使用与备份非CDB相同的命令。

连接到任何PDB时创建的备份在连接到根容器时可见。

方法1：连接到根容器备份一个或多个PDB：

1.连接至根容器
[oracle@server1 admin]$ rman target /

2.备份
RMAN>BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb3;

3.恢复
RMAN>alter pluggable database pdb1 close;  //如果该PDB处于read write，需要将其close
RMAN>restore pluggable database pdb1
RMAN>recover pluggable database pdb1

方法2：在连接到PDB时备份一个PDB：

1.连接至指定PDB
[oracle@server1 admin]$ rman target sys/oracle@pdb1            //使用tnsname通过网络连接
Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Sep 2 11:11:48 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL:PDB1 (DBID=6001799, not open)

2.备份
RMAN> backup database

3.恢复
RMAN>restore database
RMAN>recover database

四：备份恢复PDB中的指定表空间：

备份PDB中指定表空间，只能连接至指定PDB进行备份
连接至根容器无法备份PDB的表空间

1.连接至指定PDB
[oracle@server1 admin]$ rman target sys/oracle@pdb1            //使用tnsname通过网络连接
Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Sep 2 11:11:48 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL:PDB1 (DBID=6001799, not open)
2.备份
RMAN> backup tablespace users,sysaux;

3.恢复 
RMAN> restore tablespace users,sysaux;
RMAN> recover tablespace users,sysaux;

五：备份恢复PDB中的指定数据文件：

连接到根容器，则可以使用一个命令从多个PDB中备份数据文件。
连接到PDB，则只能备份该PDB中的数据文件。

方法1：连接到根容器备份

1.连接至根容器
[oracle@server1]$ rman target /  
2.查看PDB数据文件号    //可以查看到所有的PDB数据文件
RMAN> report schema;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCL
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1    800      SYSTEM               YES     /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
3    480      SYSAUX               NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
4    70       UNDOTBS1             YES     /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
5    250      PDB$SEED:SYSTEM      NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/system01.dbf
6    330      PDB$SEED:SYSAUX      NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
7    5        USERS                NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
8    100      PDB$SEED:UNDOTBS1    NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
9    250      PDB1:SYSTEM          NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/system01.dbf
10   350      PDB1:SYSAUX          NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf
11   100      PDB1:UNDOTBS1        NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/undotbs01.dbf
12   5        PDB1:USERS           NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/users01.dbf
13   250      SALESPDB:SYSTEM      YES     /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/salespdb/system01.dbf
14   350      SALESPDB:SYSAUX      NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/salespdb/sysaux01.dbf
15   100      SALESPDB:UNDOTBS1    YES     /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/salespdb/undotbs01.dbf
16   5        SALESPDB:USERS       NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/salespdb/users01.dbf
25   360      PDB3:SYSTEM          YES     /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb3/system01.dbf
26   350      PDB3:SYSAUX          NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb3/sysaux01.dbf
27   180      PDB3:UNDOTBS1        YES     /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb3/undotbs01.dbf
28   5        PDB3:USERS           NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb3/users01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1    33       TEMP                 32767       /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
2    64       PDB$SEED:TEMP        32767       /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/temp012020-08-13_15-42-08-254-PM.dbf
3    64       PDB1:TEMP            32767       /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/temp01.dbf
4    64       SALESPDB:TEMP        32767       /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/salespdb/temp01.dbf
5    64       PDB3:TEMP            32767       /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb3/temp01.dbf

3.备份
RMAN> BACKUP DATAFILE 11, 12;

4.恢复
RMAN>restore datafile 11，12

方法2：连接至某个PDB备份

1.连接至某个PDB
[oracle@server1]$ rman target sys/oracle@pdb1            //使用tnsname通过网络连接
Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Sep 2 11:11:48 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL:PDB1 (DBID=6001799, not open)

2.查看数据文件号   //查看当前PDB数据文件
RMAN> report schema;    
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCL
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
9    250      SYSTEM               NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/system01.dbf
10   350      SYSAUX               NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf
11   100      UNDOTBS1             NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/undotbs01.dbf
12   5        USERS                NO      /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/users01.dbf

3.备份
RMAN> backup datafile 11, 12;

4.恢复
RMAN>restore databfile 11，12

六:CDB与PDB的增量备份

6.1.整个CDB增量备份：

CDB级别的增量备份包含所有PDB发生的变化
0级：
RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=0  database
1级：
RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=1  database 
1c级:
RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=1 cumulative  database

6.2.根容器增量备份：

仅对根容器进行增量备份
0级：
RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=0  database root;
1级:
RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=1  database  root;
1c级:
RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=1 cumulative  database  root;

6.3.单个或多个PDB增量备份

0级备份：

RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=0 pluggable database pdb1;  

RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=0 pluggable database pdb1,pdb3;
RMAN> list backup of pluggable database pdb1;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
24      Incr 0  546.22M    DISK        00:00:15     02-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 24   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20200902T203447
        Piece Name: /oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/ACBE83275D4E2D26E0531F61A8C06B8F/backupset/2020_09_02/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20200902T203447_hnz4c84c_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 24
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: PDB1
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  9    0  Incr 1957090    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/system01.dbf
  10   0  Incr 1961722    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf
  11   0  Incr 1957090    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/undotbs01.dbf
  12   0  Incr 1961722    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/users01.dbf

1级差异性备份：

SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL> create table test as select * from dba_objects;

RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=1 pluggable database pdb1;
RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=1 pluggable database pdb1,pdb3;

RMAN> list backup of pluggable database pdb1;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
26      Incr 1  11.82M     DISK        00:00:01     02-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 26   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20200902T204108
        Piece Name: /oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/ACBE83275D4E2D26E0531F61A8C06B8F/backupset/2020_09_02/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20200902T204108_hnz4q4tb_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 26
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: PDB1
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  9    1  Incr 2176329    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/system01.dbf
  10   1  Incr 2176329    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf
  11   1  Incr 2176329    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/undotbs01.dbf
  12   1  Incr 2176329    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/users01.dbf

1级累积性备份

RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=1 cumulative pluggable database pdb1;
RMAN> backup as backupset incremental level=1 cumulative pluggable database pdb1,pdb3;

RMAN> list backup of pluggable database pdb1;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
28      Incr 1  11.82M     DISK        00:00:01     02-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 28   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20200902T204325
        Piece Name: /oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/ACBE83275D4E2D26E0531F61A8C06B8F/backupset/2020_09_02/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20200902T204325_hnz4vfyp_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 28
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: PDB1
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  9    1  Incr 2176431    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/system01.dbf
  10   1  Incr 2176431    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf
  11   1  Incr 2176431    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/undotbs01.dbf
  12   1  Incr 2176431    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb1/users01.dbf

七：查看备份集信息：

1.查看所有PDB以及根容器的备份信息
RMAN>list backup 

2.只查看根容器
RMAN> list backup of database root;  
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7       Full    1.01G      DISK        00:00:41     02-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20200902T093922
        Piece Name: /oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/backupset/2020_09_02/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200902T093922_hnxxyb91_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 7
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  1       Full 1917772    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
  3       Full 1917772    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 1917772    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
  7       Full 1917772    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

3.查看某个PDB备份集信息
  RMAN> list backup of pluggable database salespdb; 
List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
10      Full    478.82M    DISK        00:00:29     02-SEP-20      
        BP Key: 10   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20200902T093922
        Piece Name: /oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/ACBED227AE170CB3E0531F61A8C09640/backupset/2020_09_02/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20200902T093922_hnxy2j2s_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 10
  Container ID: 6, PDB Name: SALESPDB
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  13      Full 1932712    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/salespdb/system01.dbf
  14      Full 1932712    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/salespdb/sysaux01.dbf
  15      Full 1932712    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/salespdb/undotbs01.dbf
  16      Full 1932712    02-SEP-20              NO    /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/salespdb/users01.dbf
  
 4.查看某个PDB的指定表空间或数据文件备份
  RMAN> list backup of pluggable database salespdb tablespace sysaux;
  RMAN> list backup of pluggable database salespdb datafile 14;

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