linux中接口设置方法
linux中接口设置方法一、 设置接口ip地址1. ipv4地址1) 查看接口配置命令:ifconfig 查看所有接口的配置ifconfig [接口名] 查看指定接口的配置例子:[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfigeth0 Link encap:Ethernet
linux中接口设置方法
一、 设置接口ip地址
1. ipv4地址
1) 查看接口配置
命令:
ifconfig 查看所有接口的配置
ifconfig [接口名] 查看指定接口的配置
例子:
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:03:0F:FF:DD:20
inet addr:194.168.111.1 Bcast:194.168.111.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::203:fff:feff:dd20/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4354 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3640 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:448747 (438.2 KiB) TX bytes:421026 (411.1 KiB)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xe000
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:58:46:3D:44
inet addr:2.0.0.2 Bcast:2.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6
RX bytes:15897 (15.5 KiB) TX bytes:69071 (67.4 KiB)
Interrupt:10
2) 配置接口地址
命令:
ifconfig [接口名] [ip地址] 设定接口地址,掩码根据ip地址自动计算出来的。
ifconfig [接口名] [ip地址] netmask [掩码] 设定接口的地址和掩码
例子:
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1 3.0.0.1
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:58:46:3D:44
inet addr:3.0.0.1 Bcast:3.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::21e:58ff:fe46:3d44/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:156 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:389 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:15897 (15.5 KiB) TX bytes:73080 (71.3 KiB)
Interrupt:10
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1 3.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:58:46:3D:44
inet addr:3.0.0.1 Bcast:3.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::21e:58ff:fe46:3d44/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:156 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:399 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:15897 (15.5 KiB) TX bytes:76883 (75.0 KiB)
Interrupt:10
3) 配置接口多个地址
命令:
ifconfig [接口名]:[子接口数字] [ip地址] netmask [掩码]
说明:
相当于配置多个子接口,每个子接口一个ip地址。
例子:
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1:1 1.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.254.0
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1:1
eth1:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:58:46:3D:44
inet addr:1.0.0.1 Bcast:1.0.1.255 Mask:255.255.254.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:10
4) 删除接口地址
命令:
ifconfig [接口名] down
说明:
该命令只是将接口协议down掉,物理连接并未down掉。执行这条命令后,该接口的物理连接指示灯仍然是亮的。
例子:
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1:1 down
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1:1
eth1:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:58:46:3D:44
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:10
2. ipv6地址
1) 增加接口地址
命令:
ifconfig [接口名] add [ipv6地址/掩码]
说明:
Ipv6的接口可以配置多个地址,这里就不需要像ipv4一样配置多个接口了,增加接口地址只需要再次执行该命令。命令中,掩码值不填默认为0;该命令同时也支持地址为ipv4的地址,如果你输入ifconfig eth1 add 6.0.0.1,和你输入ifconfig eth1:0 6.0.0.1执行的效果是一样的。
例子:
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1 add 6::1
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1 add 3::1/96
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:58:46:3D:44
inet addr:3.0.0.1 Bcast:255.255.255.159 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: 3::1/96 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: 6::1/0 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: fe80::21e:58ff:fe46:3d44/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:159 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:579 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:16077 (15.7 KiB) TX bytes:103526 (101.0 KiB)
Interrupt:10
2) 删除接口地址
命令:
ifconfig del [ipv6地址/掩码],
说明:
掩码值默认为0
例子:
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1 del 3::1/96
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:58:46:3D:44
inet addr:3.0.0.1 Bcast:255.255.255.159 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: 6::1/0 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: fe80::21e:58ff:fe46:3d44/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:159 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:594 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:16077 (15.7 KiB) TX bytes:105894 (103.4 KiB)
Interrupt:10
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1 del 6::1
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:58:46:3D:44
inet addr:3.0.0.1 Bcast:255.255.255.159 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::21e:58ff:fe46:3d44/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:159 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:604 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:16077 (15.7 KiB) TX bytes:107448 (104.9 KiB)
Interrupt:10
3. 配置vlan接口(接口发报文都带tag)
1) 配置地址:
命令:
vconfig add [接口名] [vlan号]
ifconfig [接口名].[vlan号] [ip地址]
说明:
第一个命令增加一个vlan子接口,第二个命令配置该子接口的地址,配置好后该子接口发出的报文都会带上配置的tag
例子:
配置接口属于vlan2带tag,ip地址为3.0.0.2
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# vconfig add eth1 2
Added VLAN with VID == 2 to IF -:eth1:-
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1.2 3.0.0.2 netmask 255.255.0.0
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1.2
eth1.2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:58:46:3D:44
inet addr:3.0.0.2 Bcast:3.0.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::21e:58ff:fe46:3d44/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:21 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:4580 (4.4 KiB)
2) 删除地址:
命令:
vconfig rem [接口名].[vlan号]
例子:
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# vconfig rem eth1.2
Removed VLAN -:eth1.2:-
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# ifconfig eth1.2
eth1.2: error fetching interface information: Device not found
二、 配置路由
1. 添加到主机路由
命令:
route add –host [ip地址] dev [接口名]
或者
route add –host [ip地址] gw [下一跳地址]
例子:
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route add -host 100.0.0.1 dev eth1
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
100.0.0.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth1
194.168.111.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
1.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route add -host 100.0.0.1 gw 1.0.0.2
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
100.0.0.1 1.0.0.2 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1
100.0.0.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth1
194.168.111.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
1.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
[root@TESTBED1 ~]#
2. 添加到网络的路由
命令:
route add -net [网段] netmask [掩码] gw [下一条地址]
或者:
route add -net [网段] netmask [掩码] dev [接口名]
或者:
route add -net [网段]/[掩码位数] dev [接口名]
例子:
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route add -net 200.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 1.0.0.2
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route add -net 200.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 eth1
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route add -net 201.1.1.0/24 dev eth1
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
200.1.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
200.1.1.0 1.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
201.1.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
194.168.111.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
1.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
3. 添加默认网关
命令:
route add default gw [下一跳地址]
例子:
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route add default gw 1.0.0.3
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
194.168.111.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
1.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
0.0.0.0 1.0.0.3 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
4. 删除路由
命令:
route del [增加路由时添加的选项]
例子:
删除配置的默认路由
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route del default gw 1.0.0.3
[root@TESTBED1 ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
194.168.111.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
1.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
5. 增加ipv6路由
命令:
route -A inet add [ipv6地址/掩码] gw [下一跳地址]
6. 删除ipv6路由
route -A inet del [ipv6地址/掩码] gw [下一跳地址]
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