​ 之前在kubernetes中完成的所有操作都是通过命令行工具kubectl完成的。其实，为了提供更丰富的用户体验，kubernetes还开发了一个基于web的用户界面（Dashboard）。用户可以使用Dashboard部署容器化的应用，还可以监控应用的状态，执行故障排查以及管理kubernetes中各种资源。

部署Dashboard

1. 下载yaml，并运行Dashboard

# 下载yaml
[root@master ~]# wget  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

# 修改kubernetes-dashboard的Service类型
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort  # 新增
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30009  # 新增
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

# 部署
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f recommended.yaml

# 查看namespace下的kubernetes-dashboard下的资源
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-c79c65bb7-zwfvw   1/1     Running   0          111s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-56484d4c5-z95z5        1/1     Running   0          111s

NAME                               TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP  PORT(S)         AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper  ClusterIP  10.96.89.218    <none>       8000/TCP        111s
service/kubernetes-dashboard       NodePort   10.104.178.171  <none>       443:30009/TCP   111s

2）创建访问账户，获取token

# 创建账号
[root@master-1 ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard

# 授权
[root@master-1 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin

# 获取账号token
[root@master ~]#  kubectl get secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin
dashboard-admin-token-xbqhh        kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      2m35s

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe secrets dashboard-admin-token-xbqhh -n kubernetes-dashboard
Name:         dashboard-admin-token-xbqhh
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 95d84d80-be7a-4d10-a2e0-68f90222d039

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
namespace:  20 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6ImJrYkF4bW5XcDhWcmNGUGJtek5NODFuSXl1aWptMmU2M3o4LTY5a2FKS2cifQ.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.NAl7e8ZfWWdDoPxkqzJzTB46sK9E8iuJYnUI9vnBaY3Jts7T1g1msjsBnbxzQSYgAG--cV0WYxjndzJY_UWCwaGPrQrt_GunxmOK9AUnzURqm55GR2RXIZtjsWVP2EBatsDgHRmuUbQvTFOvdJB4x3nXcYLN2opAaMqg3rnU2rr-A8zCrIuX_eca12wIp_QiuP3SF-tzpdLpsyRfegTJZl6YnSGyaVkC9id-cxZRb307qdCfXPfCHR_2rt5FVfxARgg_C0e3eFHaaYQO7CitxsnIoIXpOFNAR8aUrmopJyODQIPqBWUehb7FhlU1DCduHnIIXVC_UICZ-MKYewBDLw
ca.crt:     1025 bytes

3）通过浏览器访问Dashboard的UI

在登录页面上输入上面的token

出现下面的页面代表成功

使用DashBoard

本章节以Deployment为例演示DashBoard的使用

查看

选择指定的命名空间dev，然后点击Deployments，查看dev空间下的所有deployment

扩缩容

在Deployment上点击规模，然后指定目标副本数量，点击确定

编辑

在Deployment上点击编辑，然后修改yaml文件，点击确定

查看Pod

点击Pods, 查看pods列表

操作Pod

选中某个Pod，可以对其执行日志（logs）、进入执行（exec）、编辑、删除操作

Dashboard提供了kubectl的绝大部分功能，这里不再一一演示