目录

主机准备

主机配置

修改主机名(三个节点分别执行)

配置hosts(所有节点)

关闭防火墙、selinux、swap、dnsmasq(所有节点)

安装依赖包(所有节点)

系统参数设置(所有节点)

时间同步(所有节点)

配置ipvs功能(所有节点)

安装docker(所有节点)

卸载老版本

安装docker

 配置国内镜像加速器

安装 kubeadm,kubelet 和 kubectl(所有节点)

安装kubernets master(master节点)

安装kubernets node(node节点)

安装kubernets 网络插件 calico(master节点操作)

kubenertes使用与测试

安装kuboard

内建用户库方式安装

访问 Kuboard v3.x

kubernetes方式安装

访问 Kuboard

卸载

参考文献与常见错误(见参考文献)


主机准备

主机配置

172.171.16.147 crawler-k8s-master

172.171.16.148 crawler-k8s-node1

172.171.16.149 crawler-k8s-node2

修改主机名(三个节点分别执行)

172.171.16.147

hostnamectl set-hostname crawler-k8s-master

172.171.16.148

hostnamectl set-hostname crawler-k8s-node1

172.171.16.149

hostnamectl set-hostname crawler-k8s-node2

 查看主机名

hostnamectl #查看主机名

配置hosts(所有节点)

配置  /etc/hosts 文件

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.171.16.147 crawler-k8s-master
172.171.16.148 crawler-k8s-node1
172.171.16.149 crawler-k8s-node2
EOF

关闭防火墙、selinux、swap、dnsmasq(所有节点)

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld


关闭selinux

sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  #永久
setenforce 0  #临时


关闭swap(k8s禁止虚拟内存以提高性能)

sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久
swapoff -a #临时

//关闭dnsmasq(否则可能导致docker容器无法解析域名)

service dnsmasq stop 
systemctl disable dnsmaq

安装依赖包(所有节点)

yum -y update

yum install wget -y
yum install vim -y

yum -y install conntranck ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat curl iptables libseccomp

系统参数设置(所有节点)

//制作配置文件 设置网桥参数

mkdir /etc/sysctl.d

vim /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
vm.panic_on_oom = 0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 89100

/生效文件

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

如果报错:

[root@crawler-k8s-master ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables: 没有那个文件或目录
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables: 没有那个文件或目录

//加载网桥过滤模块

modprobe  br_netfilter

然后再次  

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

时间同步(所有节点)

//安装时间同步服务

yum -y install chrony

//开启服务

systemctl start chronyd

systemctl enable chronyd

配置ipvs功能(所有节点)

在kubernetes中service有两种代理模型,一种是基于iptables的,一种是基于ipvs的
两者比较的话,ipvs的性能明显要高一些,但是如果要使用它,需要手动载入ipvs模块

//添加需要加载的模块写入脚本文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4

//为脚本文件添加执行权限

chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

//执行脚本文件

/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

安装docker(所有节点)

卸载老版本

yum remove docker docker-client  docker-client-latest  docker-common docker-latest  docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine

安装docker

安装yum工具包

yum install -y yum-utils

(方式一)添加yum仓库(官方仓库可能会很慢,可以使用国内仓库)

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

 (方式二)下面是使用阿里仓库:

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

//安装docker

yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.12 docker-ce-cli-20.10.12
//设置开机启动

systemctl start docker

systemctl enable docker

//重启docker

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl restart docker

 配置国内镜像加速器

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
      "registry-mirrors" : ["https://q5bf287q.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://registry.docker-cn.com","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
 	 "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}

 配置后


systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl restart docker

安装 kubeadm,kubelet 和 kubectl(所有节点)

工具说明:

  • kubeadm:部署集群用的命令
  • kubelet:在集群中每台机器上都要运行的组件,负责管理pod、容器的什么周期
  • kubectl:集群管理工具

配置阿里云源:

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装:

yum install kubelet-1.23.7 kubeadm-1.23.7 kubectl-1.23.7 -y

设置开机自启动:

systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet

查询是否安装成功 

yum list installed | grep kubelet
yum list installed | grep kubeadm
yum list installed | grep kubectl

安装kubernets master(master节点)

kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=172.171.16.147 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.23.7 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

日志如下:

[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.23.7
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [crawler-k8s-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.171.16.147]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [crawler-k8s-master localhost] and IPs [172.171.16.147 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [crawler-k8s-master localhost] and IPs [172.171.16.147 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 12.507186 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.23" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
NOTE: The "kubelet-config-1.23" naming of the kubelet ConfigMap is deprecated. Once the UnversionedKubeletConfigMap feature gate graduates to Beta the default name will become just "kubelet-config". Kubeadm upgrade will handle this transition transparently.
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node crawler-k8s-master as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/master(deprecated) node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node crawler-k8s-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: i4dp7i.7t1j8ezmgwkj1gio
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 172.171.16.147:6443 --token i4dp7i.7t1j8ezmgwkj1gio \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9fb74686ff3bea5769e5ed466dbb2c32ed3fc920374ff2175b39b8162ac27f8f 

 在 master上进一步执行上面提示的命令

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

安装kubernets node(node节点)

将 node 添加到集群中

kubeadm join 172.171.16.147:6443 --token i4dp7i.7t1j8ezmgwkj1gio \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9fb74686ff3bea5769e5ed466dbb2c32ed3fc920374ff2175b39b8162ac27f8f

然后显示日志:

[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

安装kubernets 网络插件 calico(master节点操作)

下载 calico文档 https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

可能出现的问题

(1)修改 CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR 参数为  :

kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=172.171.16.147 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.23.7 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

中的--pod-network-cidr值

(2)修改 IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD 的值为网卡名称(没有这个参数就不用修改)

ip a 查看网卡名称

(3)修改images 源

grep image calico.yaml

sed -i 's#docker.io##g' calico.yaml

kubenertes使用与测试

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx #部署nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort #暴露端口
kubectl get pod,svc #查看服务状态

 

部署完成 

安装kuboard

内建用户库方式安装

官网安装地址:安装 Kuboard v3 - 内建用户库 | Kuboard

sudo docker run -d \
  --restart=unless-stopped \
  --name=kuboard \
  -p 80:80/tcp \
  -p 10081:10081/tcp \
  -e KUBOARD_ENDPOINT="http://172.171.16.147:80" \
  -e KUBOARD_AGENT_SERVER_TCP_PORT="10081" \
  -v /root/kuboard-data:/data \
  eipwork/kuboard:v3
  # 也可以使用镜像 swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard/kuboard:v3 ,可以更快地完成镜像下载。
  # 请不要使用 127.0.0.1 或者 localhost 作为内网 IP \
  # Kuboard 不需要和 K8S 在同一个网段,Kuboard Agent 甚至可以通过代理访问 Kuboard Server \

WARNING

  • KUBOARD_ENDPOINT 参数的作用是,让部署到 Kubernetes 中的 kuboard-agent 知道如何访问 Kuboard Server;
  • KUBOARD_ENDPOINT 中也可以使用外网 IP;
  • Kuboard 不需要和 K8S 在同一个网段,Kuboard Agent 甚至可以通过代理访问 Kuboard Server;
  • 建议在 KUBOARD_ENDPOINT 中使用域名;
  • 如果使用域名,必须能够通过 DNS 正确解析到该域名,如果直接在宿主机配置 /etc/hosts 文件,将不能正常运行;

参数解释

  • 建议将此命令保存为一个 shell 脚本,例如 start-kuboard.sh,后续升级 Kuboard 或恢复 Kuboard 时,需要通过此命令了解到最初安装 Kuboard 时所使用的参数;
  • 第 4 行,将 Kuboard Web 端口 80 映射到宿主机的 80 端口(您可以根据自己的情况选择宿主机的其他端口);
  • 第 5 行,将 Kuboard Agent Server 的端口 10081/tcp 映射到宿主机的 10081 端口(您可以根据自己的情况选择宿主机的其他端口);
  • 第 6 行,指定 KUBOARD_ENDPOINT 为 http://内网IP,如果后续修改此参数,需要将已导入的 Kubernetes 集群从 Kuboard 中删除,再重新导入;
  • 第 7 行,指定 KUBOARD_AGENT_SERVER 的端口为 10081,此参数与第 5 行中的宿主机端口应保持一致,修改此参数不会改变容器内监听的端口 10081,例如,如果第 5 行为 -p 30081:10081/tcp 则第 7 行应该修改为 -e KUBOARD_AGENT_SERVER_TCP_PORT="30081"
  • 第 8 行,将持久化数据 /data 目录映射到宿主机的 /root/kuboard-data 路径,请根据您自己的情况调整宿主机路径;

其他参数

  • 在启动命令行中增加环境变量 KUBOARD_ADMIN_DERAULT_PASSWORD,可以设置 admin 用户的初始默认密码。
访问 Kuboard v3.x

在浏览器输入 http://172.171.16.147:80 即可访问 Kuboard v3.x 的界面,登录方式:

  • 用户名: admin
  • 密 码: Kuboard123

kubernetes方式安装

参考文献:安装 Kuboard v3 - kubernetes | Kuboard

  • 执行 Kuboard v3 在 K8S 中的安装

kubectl apply -f https://addons.kuboard.cn/kuboard/kuboard-v3.yaml
# 您也可以使用下面的指令,唯一的区别是,该指令使用华为云的镜像仓库替代 docker hub 分发 Kuboard 所需要的镜像
# kubectl apply -f https://addons.kuboard.cn/kuboard/kuboard-v3-swr.yaml

等待 Kuboard v3 就绪

执行指令 watch kubectl get pods -n kuboard,等待 kuboard 名称空间中所有的 Pod 就绪,如下所示,

如果结果中没有出现 kuboard-etcd-xxxxx 的容器,请查看  常见错误 中关于 缺少 Master Role 的描述。

[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kuboard
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kuboard-agent-2-65bc84c86c-r7tc4   1/1     Running   2          28s
kuboard-agent-78d594567-cgfp4      1/1     Running   2          28s
kuboard-etcd-fh9rp                 1/1     Running   0          67s
kuboard-etcd-nrtkr                 1/1     Running   0          67s
kuboard-etcd-ader3                 1/1     Running   0          67s
kuboard-v3-645bdffbf6-sbdxb        1/1     Running   0          67s

 

访问 Kuboard
  • 在浏览器中打开链接 http://your-node-ip-address:30080

  • 输入初始用户名和密码,并登录

    • 用户名: admin
    • 密码: Kuboard123

浏览器兼容性

  • 请使用 Chrome / FireFox / Safari / Edge 等浏览器
  • 不兼容 IE 以及以 IE 为内核的浏览器

添加新的集群

  • Kuboard v3 是支持 Kubernetes 多集群管理的,在 Kuboard v3 的首页里,点击 添加集群 按钮,在向导的引导下可以完成集群的添加;
  • 向 Kuboard v3 添加新的 Kubernetes 集群时,请确保:
    • 您新添加集群可以访问到当前集群 Master 节点 内网IP 的 30080 TCP30081 TCP30081 UDP 端口;
    • 如果您打算新添加到 Kuboard 中的集群与当前集群不在同一个局域网,请咨询 Kuboard 团队,帮助您解决问题。
卸载
  • 执行 Kuboard v3 的卸载

    kubectl delete -f https://addons.kuboard.cn/kuboard/kuboard-v3.yaml
    
  • 清理遗留数据

    在 master 节点以及带有 k8s.kuboard.cn/role=etcd 标签的节点上执行

    rm -rf /usr/share/kuboard
    

参考文献与常见错误(见参考文献)

Kubeadm部署k8s集群

Kubernetes安装和试用

kube-flannel.yml(已修改镜像下载数据源)

Linux高级---k8s搭建之使用calico网络插件

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