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Normal ScalingReplicaSet 12m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7 to 1
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 12m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deploy-754898b577 to 3
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 12m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7 to 0

Events的更新过程

1. 先启动 1 个新的rs(nginx-deploy-754898b577),此时有 1 个新的rs

2. 下线 2 个旧的rs(nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7),此时已下线 2 个旧的rs

3. 启动 1 个新的rs(nginx-deploy-754898b577),此时有 2 个新的rs

4. 下线 1 个旧的rs(nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7),此时已下线 3 个旧的rs

5. 启动 1 个新的rs(nginx-deploy-754898b577),此时有 3 个新的rs

6. 下线 0 个旧的rs(nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7),此时已下线 3 个旧的rs

通过 kubectl get deployments 获取部署信息,UP-TO-DATE 表示已经有多少副本达到了配置中要求的数目。

通过 kubectl get rs 可以看到增加了一个新的 rs。

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl get rs --show-labels
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE LABELS
nginx-deploy-754898b577 0 0 0 37m app=nginx-deploy,pod-template-hash=754898b577
nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7 3 3 3 57m app=nginx-deploy,pod-template-hash=78d8bf4fd7

通过 kubectl get pods 可以看到所有 pod 关联的 rs 变成了新的。

多个滚动更新并行

假设当前有 5 个 nginx:1.7.9 版本,你想将版本更新为 1.9.1。

当更新成功了三个为 1.9.1 以后,你马上又将期望更新的版本改为 1.9.2。

那么此时会立马删除已更新的三个(1.9.1),并且立马开启更新为 1.9.2 的任务,也就是直接跳过继续更新(1.9.1),直接进行 1.9.2 的任务。

2.3 回滚

有时候你可能想回退一个 Deployment,例如,当 Deployment 不稳定时,比如一直 crash looping。

默认情况下,kubernetes 会在系统中保存前两次的 Deployment 的 rollout 历史记录,以便你可以随时回退(你可以修改 revision history limit 来更改保存的 revision 数)。

案例:
更新 Deployment 时参数不小心写错,如 nginx:1.9.1 写成了 nginx:1.91

kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deploy nginx=nginx:1.91

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deploy nginx=nginx:1.91
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy image updated

监控滚动升级状态,由于镜像名称错误,下载镜像失败,因此更新过程会卡住

kubectl rollout status deployments nginx-deploy

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl rollout status deployments nginx-deploy
Waiting for deployment “nginx-deploy” rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new replicas have been updated…

结束监听后,获取 rs 信息,我们可以看到新增的 rs 副本数是 1 个

kubectl get rs

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
nginx-deploy-754898b577 0 0 0 49m
nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7 3 3 3 70m
nginx-deploy-f7f5656c7 1 1 0 44s

通过 kubectl get pods 获取 pods 信息,我们可以看到关联到新的 rs 的 pod,状态处于 ImagePullBackOff 状态。

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7-25rmq 1/1 Running 0 28m
nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7-mq6kc 1/1 Running 0 28m
nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7-vxcpv 1/1 Running 0 28m
nginx-deploy-f7f5656c7-xfpq5 0/1 ImagePullBackOff 0 105s

为了修复这个问题,我们需要找到需要回退的 revision 进行回退。
通过 kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deploy 可以获取 revison 的列表。

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deploy
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
2
3
4

通过 kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deploy --revision=REVISION(版本号) 可以查看详细信息。

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deploy --revision=4
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy with revision #4
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx-deploy
pod-template-hash=f7f5656c7
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx:1.91
Port:
Host Port:
Environment:
Mounts:
Volumes:

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deploy --revision=3
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy with revision #3
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx-deploy
pod-template-hash=78d8bf4fd7
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx:1.7.9
Port:
Host Port:
Environment:
Mounts:
Volumes:

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deploy --revision=2
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy with revision #2
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx-deploy
pod-template-hash=754898b577
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx:1.9.1
Port:
Host Port:
Environment:
Mounts:
Volumes:

确认要回退的版本后,可以通过 kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deploy 可以回退到上一个版本。

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deploy
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy rolled back

也可以回退到指定的 revision:

kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deploy --to-revision=2

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deploy --to-revision=2
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy rolled back

再次通过 kubectl get deploymentkubectl describe deployment 可以看到,我们的版本已经回退到对应的 revison 上了。

可以通过在/opt/k8s/deployments/nginx-deploy.yaml中设置 .spec.revisonHistoryLimit 来指定 Deployment 保留多少 revison,如果设置为 0,则不允许 Deployment 回退了。

2.4 扩容 / 缩容

只有修改 Deployment 配置文件中的配置,才会触发扩容 / 缩容操作。

修改/opt/k8s/deployments/nginx-deploy.yaml不行。

扩容 / 缩容只是改变 Pod 数,没有更新 pod template 因此不会创建新的 rs。

1 命令行方式

kubectl scale --replicas=6 deploy nginx-deploy

kubectl scale --replicas=6 deploy(扩容的类型) nginx-deploy(名称)

2 修改配置文件方式

kubectl edit deploy nginx-deploy

然后 修改 replicas

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deploy 3/3 3 3 101m

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl scale --replicas=6 deploy nginx-deploy
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy scaled

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deploy 6/6 6 6 101m

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl scale --replicas=6 deploy nginx-deploy
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy scaled
[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-deploy-754898b577-8ns26 1/1 Running 0 29m
nginx-deploy-754898b577-g9q9h 1/1 Running 0 29m
nginx-deploy-754898b577-ksfbw 1/1 Running 0 29m
nginx-deploy-754898b577-rwbxg 1/1 Running 0 2s
nginx-deploy-754898b577-xc88j 1/1 Running 0 2s
nginx-deploy-754898b577-xtmmc 1/1 Running 0 2s
[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
nginx-deploy-754898b577 6 6 6 85m
nginx-deploy-78d8bf4fd7 0 0 0 106m
nginx-deploy-f7f5656c7 0 0 0 37m

2.5 暂停(滚动更新)与恢复(滚动更新)

由于每次 pod template 中的配置发生修改后,都会触发更新 deployment 操作,如果短时间频繁修改配置,就会产生多次更新,而实际上只需要执行最后一次滚动更新即可。

当出现此类情况时就可以先暂停 deployment 的 rollout,直到下次主动恢复后才会继续进行滚动更新。

(未实践,仅记录暂停和恢复的命令)!!!

暂停滚动更新命令

kubectl rollout pause deploy

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl rollout pause deploy nginx-deploy
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy paused

修改一些属性,如限制 nginx 容器的最大cpu为 0.2 核,最大内存为 128M,最小内存为 64M,最小 cpu 为 0.1 核。

kubectl set resources deploy <deploy_name> -c <container_name> --limits=cpu=200m,memory=128Mi --requests=cpu100m,memory=64Mi

通过格式化输出 kubectl get deploy <name> -o yaml,可以看到配置确实发生的修改,再通过 kubectl get po 可以看到 pod 没有被更新。

恢复滚动更新命令

kubectl rollout resume deploy

[root@k8s-master deployments]# kubectl rollout resume deploy nginx-deploy
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy resumed

恢复后,再次查看 rs 和 po 信息,可以看到就开始进行滚动更新操作了。

kubectl get rs
kubectl get po

2.6 配置文件(nginx)

apiVersion: apps/v1 # deployment api 版本
kind: Deployment # 资源类型为 deployment
metadata: # 元信息
labels: # 标签
app: nginx-deploy # 具体的 key: value 配置形式
name: nginx-deploy # deployment 的名字
namespace: default # 所在的命名空间
spec:
replicas: 3 # 期望副本数
revisionHistoryLimit: 10 # 进行滚动更新后,保留的历史版本数
selector: # 选择器,用于找到匹配的 RS
matchLabels: # 按照标签匹配
app: nginx-deploy # 匹配的标签key/value
strategy: # 更新策略
rollingUpdate: # 滚动更新配置
maxSurge: 25% # 进行滚动更新时,更新的个数最多可以超过期望副本数的个数/比例
maxUnavailable: 25% # 进行滚动更新时,最大不可用比例更新比例,表示在所有副本数中,最多可以有多少个不更新成功
type: RollingUpdate # 更新类型,采用滚动更新
template: # pod 模板
metadata: # pod 的元信息
labels: # pod 的标签
app: nginx-deploy
spec: # pod 期望信息
containers: # pod 的容器

  • image: nginx:1.7.9 # 镜像
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent # 拉取策略
    name: nginx # 容器名称
    restartPolicy: Always # 重启策略
    terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30 # 删除操作最多宽限多长时间

3 StatefulSet

3.1 创建

  1. 创建 StatefulSet 的文件夹

mkdir /opt/k8s/statefulset/

  1. /opt/k8s/statefulset/下编写配置文件web.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
ports:

  • port: 80
    name: web
    clusterIP: None
    selector:
    app: nginx

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet # StatefulSet 类型的资源
metadata:
name: web # StatefulSet 对象的名字
spec:
serviceName: “nginx” # 使用哪个 service来管理 dns(这里使用nginx的service,因为在nginx的metadata的name是nginx)
replicas: 2
selector: # 选择器,用于找到匹配的 RS
matchLabels: # 按照标签匹配
app: nginx # 匹配的标签key/value
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:

  • name: nginx
    image: nginx:1.7.9
    ports: # 容器内部要暴露的端口
  • containerPort: 80 # 容器内部具体要暴露的端口号
    name: web # 该端口号配置的名字
  1. 根据配置文件创建 StatefulSet 应用

kubectl create -f web.yaml

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl create -f web.yaml
service/nginx created
statefulset.apps/web created

  1. 查看创建的 Service 和 StatefulSet 应用

查看 service

kubectl get service nginx

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get service nginx
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
nginx ClusterIP None 80/TCP 7m49s

查看 statefulset => sts

kubectl get statefulset web

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get statefulset web
NAME READY AGE
web 2/2 32s

  1. 查看创建的 pod

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get po
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-deploy-754898b577-8ns26 1/1 Running 0 5h14m
nginx-deploy-754898b577-g9q9h 1/1 Running 0 5h14m
nginx-deploy-754898b577-ksfbw 1/1 Running 0 5h14m
nginx-deploy-754898b577-rwbxg 1/1 Running 0 4h44m
nginx-deploy-754898b577-xc88j 1/1 Running 0 4h44m
nginx-deploy-754898b577-xtmmc 1/1 Running 0 4h44m
web-0 1/1 Running 0 2m25s
web-1 1/1 Running 0 2m23s

查看创建的 pod,这些 pod 是有序的

kubectl get pods -l app=nginx

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get pods -l app=nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
web-0 1/1 Running 0 4m10s
web-1 1/1 Running 0 4m8s

  1. 测试服务是否可访问(查看这些 pod 的 dns)

运行一个新的 pod,基础镜像为 busybox 工具包,利用里面的 nslookup 可以看到 dns 信息

kubectl run -i --tty --image busybox:1.28.4 dns-test /bin/sh

nslookup web-0.nginx

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl run -i --tty --image busybox:1.28.4 dns-test /bin/sh
If you don’t see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # nslookup web-0.nginx
Server: 10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name: web-0.nginx
Address 1: 10.244.36.97 web-0.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local
/ #
/ # nslookup web-1.nginx
Server: 10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name: web-1.nginx
Address 1: 10.244.169.153 web-1.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local

3.2 扩容 / 缩容

只有修改了 StatefulSet 配置文件中的 replicas 的属性后,才会触发更新操作。

修改非 replicas 的属性或者是/opt/k8s/statefulset/web.yaml都不行。

3.2.1 扩容

通过命令方式:

kubectl scale statefulset web --replicas=5

通过修改配置文件方式:(修改spec.replicas的值)

kubectl edit statefulset web

扩容前后的数量变化:

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get sts
NAME READY AGE
web 2/2 22h

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl scale statefulset web --replicas=5
statefulset.apps/web scaled

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get sts
NAME READY AGE
web 5/5 22h

扩容的具体过程:(可以看到是按顺序创建了web-2、web-3、web-4)

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe sts web
Name: web
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Fri, 29 Dec 2023 22:30:25 +0800
Selector: app=nginx
Labels:
Annotations:
Replicas: 5 desired | 5 total
Update Strategy: RollingUpdate
Partition: 0
Pods Status: 5 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx:1.7.9
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
Environment:
Mounts:
Volumes:
Volume Claims:
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message


Normal SuccessfulCreate 107s statefulset-controller create Pod web-2 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulCreate 105s statefulset-controller create Pod web-3 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulCreate 103s statefulset-controller create Pod web-4 in StatefulSet web successful

3.2.2 缩容

方式与3.2.1 扩容 一致,这里以缩容到2为例,查看具体变化。

kubectl scale statefulset web --replicas=2

缩容前后的数量变化:

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get sts
NAME READY AGE
web 5/5 22h

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl scale statefulset web --replicas=2
statefulset.apps/web scaled

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get sts
NAME READY AGE
web 3/2 22h
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get sts
NAME READY AGE
web 2/2 22h

缩容的具体过程:(可以看到是按顺序从后往前删除 web-4、web-4、web-3,最后只剩web-0和web-1两个 pod)

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe sts web
Name: web
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Fri, 29 Dec 2023 22:30:25 +0800
Selector: app=nginx
Labels:
Annotations:
Replicas: 2 desired | 2 total
Update Strategy: RollingUpdate
Partition: 0
Pods Status: 2 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx:1.7.9
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
Environment:
Mounts:
Volumes:
Volume Claims:
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message


Normal SuccessfulCreate 17m statefulset-controller create Pod web-2 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulCreate 17m statefulset-controller create Pod web-3 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulCreate 17m statefulset-controller create Pod web-4 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulDelete 12s statefulset-controller delete Pod web-4 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulDelete 10s statefulset-controller delete Pod web-3 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulDelete 9s statefulset-controller delete Pod web-2 in StatefulSet web successful

3.3 镜像更新

只有修改了 StatefulSet 配置文件中的 template 中的属性后,才会触发更新操作。

修改非 template 中的属性或者是 /opt/k8s/statefulset/web.yaml 都不行。

推荐通过修改配置文件方式:(在3.2.2 缩容操作后只剩web-0web-1两个 pod,继续修改template中的image的值,从1.7.9改为1.9.1)

kubectl edit statefulset web

版本变化:

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout history sts web
statefulset.apps/web
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout history sts web --revision=1
statefulset.apps/web with revision #1
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx:1.7.9
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
Environment:
Mounts:
Volumes:

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl edit sts web
statefulset.apps/web edited

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout history sts web
statefulset.apps/web
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1
2

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout history sts web --revision=2
statefulset.apps/web with revision #2
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx:1.9.1
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
Environment:
Mounts:
Volumes:

镜像更新的具体过程:(从最后四条事件可以看到是先删除web-1、再创建新的web-1;删除web-0、再创建新的web-0)

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe sts web
Name: web
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Fri, 29 Dec 2023 22:30:25 +0800
Selector: app=nginx
Labels:
Annotations:
Replicas: 2 desired | 2 total
Update Strategy: RollingUpdate
Partition: 0
Pods Status: 2 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx:1.9.1
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
Environment:
Mounts:
Volumes:
Volume Claims:
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message


Normal SuccessfulCreate 36m statefulset-controller create Pod web-2 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulCreate 36m statefulset-controller create Pod web-3 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulCreate 36m statefulset-controller create Pod web-4 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulDelete 19m statefulset-controller delete Pod web-4 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulDelete 19m statefulset-controller delete Pod web-3 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulDelete 19m statefulset-controller delete Pod web-2 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulDelete 7m11s statefulset-controller delete Pod web-1 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulCreate 7m10s (x2 over 22h) statefulset-controller create Pod web-1 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulDelete 7m8s statefulset-controller delete Pod web-0 in StatefulSet web successful
Normal SuccessfulCreate 7m6s (x2 over 22h) statefulset-controller create Pod web-0 in StatefulSet web successful

3.3.1 RollingUpdate

StatefulSet 也可以采用滚动更新策略,同样是修改 template 属性后会触发更新,但是由于 pod 是有序的,在 StatefulSet 中更新时是基于 pod 的顺序,倒序更新的。

3.3.2 灰度发布 / 金丝雀发布

利用 updateStrategy 中 rollingUpdate 的 partition 属性,可以实现简易的灰度发布的效果。目的是将项目上线后产生问题的影响,尽量降到最低。

利用该机制,我们可以通过控制 partition 的值,来决定只更新其中一部分 pod,确认没有问题后再逐步增大更新的 pod 数量,最终实现全部 pod 更新。

updateStrategy:
rollingUpdate:
partition: 0
type: RollingUpdate

例如我们有 5 个 pod,如果当前 partition 设置为 3,那么此时滚动更新时,只会更新那些 序号 >= 3 的 pod。(在 StatefulSet 中更新时是基于 pod 的顺序,倒序更新的。

等到 序号 >= 3 的 pod更新完成后,再继续将 partition 设置为 2 或 1,就可以继续更新 序号 >= 2 或 1 的 pod,这样逐步趋于 0。

步骤

  1. 把 StatefulSet 为 web 的副本扩展到5个:(web0到web-4的 image 均是1.9.1)

kubectl scale statefulset web --replicas=5

  1. 把 updateStrategy 中 rollingUpdate 的 partition 从 0 改为 3,然后把 image 从1.9.1 改为1.7.9

kubectl edit statefulset web

  1. 查看各 pod 的镜像变化(可以发现只有web-4、web-3的image从1.9.1 改为了1.7.9,web-2、web-1、web-0的image依旧是1.9.1)

查看 web-4、web-3,以web-3为例

kubectl describe po web-4
kubectl describe po web-3

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl describe po web-3
Name: web-3
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: k8s-node1/192.168.3.242
Start Time: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 09:39:49 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
controller-revision-hash=web-6c5c7fd59b
statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name=web-3
Annotations: cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: 3d2d85e0bfc230a058952778c01b1f32d6b780dbfb1186d108e24cc33e1da107
cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.244.36.78/32
cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.244.36.78/32
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.36.78
IPs:
IP: 10.244.36.78
Controlled By: StatefulSet/web
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://a515f130287700a6dc9a5feb6fa180ea8b91d4eb47051aee5e731169c4b9f5e1
Image: nginx:1.7.9
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:e3456c851a152494c3e4ff5fcc26f240206abac0c9d794affb40e0714846c451
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
Started: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 09:39:50 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment:
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-7cznh (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
kube-api-access-7cznh:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
ConfigMapOptional:
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors:
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message


Normal Scheduled 112s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/web-3 to k8s-node1
Normal Pulled 111s kubelet Container image “nginx:1.7.9” already present on machine
Normal Created 111s kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 111s kubelet Started container nginx

查看 web-2、web-1、web-0,以web-2为例

kubectl describe po web-2
kubectl describe po web-1
kubectl describe po web-0

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl describe po web-2
Name: web-2
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: k8s-node1/192.168.3.242
Start Time: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 09:34:14 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
controller-revision-hash=web-6bc849cb6b
statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name=web-2
Annotations: cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: 0ba36375d747e1055a0215fc41520a3084622a995053af5055f083d08a37a547
cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.244.36.76/32
cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.244.36.76/32
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.36.76
IPs:
IP: 10.244.36.76
Controlled By: StatefulSet/web
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://d14a9dedbbb33b86a45e7feb4717fb4b4b5def92507a7f0b92e601132634988f
Image: nginx:1.9.1
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:2f68b99bc0d6d25d0c56876b924ec20418544ff28e1fb89a4c27679a40da811b
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
Started: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 09:34:15 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment:
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-544jm (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
kube-api-access-544jm:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
ConfigMapOptional:
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors:
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message


Normal Scheduled 7m40s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/web-2 to k8s-node1
Normal Pulled 7m39s kubelet Container image “nginx:1.9.1” already present on machine
Normal Created 7m39s kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 7m39s kubelet Started container nginx

  1. 继续把 updateStrategy 中 rollingUpdate 的 partition 从 3 改为 1,还是把 image 从1.9.1 改为1.7.9
  2. 查看各 pod 的镜像变化(可以发现除了web-4、web-3,web-2、web-1的image也从1.9.1 改为了1.7.9,web-0的image依旧是1.9.1)

查看 web-2、web-1,以web-1为例

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl describe po web-1
Name: web-1
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: k8s-node2/192.168.3.243
Start Time: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 09:50:11 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
controller-revision-hash=web-6c5c7fd59b
statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name=web-1
Annotations: cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: d386a2c85ea388ce70b9a98ccb64032d4364ad548a0d59bc751ca91ac33c6e9b
cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.244.169.143/32
cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.244.169.143/32
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.169.143
IPs:
IP: 10.244.169.143
Controlled By: StatefulSet/web
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://a40879bd7a3d561a73e026ff039745f3587427c2725fcda649938be6adaeed2a
Image: nginx:1.7.9
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:e3456c851a152494c3e4ff5fcc26f240206abac0c9d794affb40e0714846c451
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
Started: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 09:50:12 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment:
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-qrsdj (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
kube-api-access-qrsdj:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
ConfigMapOptional:
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors:
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message


Normal Scheduled 17s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/web-1 to k8s-node2
Normal Pulled 16s kubelet Container image “nginx:1.7.9” already present on machine
Normal Created 16s kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 16s kubelet Started container nginx

查看 web-0

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl describe po web-0
Name: web-0
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: k8s-node2/192.168.3.243
Start Time: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 09:34:18 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
controller-revision-hash=web-6bc849cb6b
statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name=web-0
Annotations: cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: cac2f3c8afa1daf2b2d4805fe1c92356aa7c8f6fa5f6bd07acc4d3a50be7c41c
cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.244.169.141/32
cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.244.169.141/32
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.169.141
IPs:
IP: 10.244.169.141
Controlled By: StatefulSet/web
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://536426425e1524fd3d71c318aaddd884867f7bb68d9ced331e587c9799f713b7
Image: nginx:1.9.1
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:2f68b99bc0d6d25d0c56876b924ec20418544ff28e1fb89a4c27679a40da811b
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
Started: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 09:34:19 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment:
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-2pgwf (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
kube-api-access-2pgwf:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
ConfigMapOptional:
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors:
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message


Normal Scheduled 16m default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/web-0 to k8s-node2
Normal Pulled 16m kubelet Container image “nginx:1.9.1” already present on machine
Normal Created 16m kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 16m kubelet Started container nginx

  1. 把 updateStrategy 中 rollingUpdate 的 partition 从 1 改为 0,然后把 image 从1.9.1 改为1.7.9,至此完成整个镜像的更新。
3.3.3 OnDelete

只有在 pod 被删除时会进行更新操作,也就是删除某个 pod 后,会重新创建一个新的同名 pod,从而达到更新的目的。

这样可以实现只更新某个指定的 pod。

updateStrategy:

rollingUpdate:

partition: 0

type: RollingUpdate

type: OnDelete

3.3.2 灰度发布 / 金丝雀发布 操作完毕后 image 全部从1.9.1 改为了1.7.9。
步骤

  1. 把 updateStrategy 中 rollingUpdate 的相关配置注释掉,同时将更新策略的类型从 RollingUpdate 改为 OnDelete(然后把 image 从1.7.9 改为1.9.1)

kubectl edit statefulset web

在这里插入图片描述
2. 查看 pod 是 web-4 的信息(可以发现image依旧是1.7.9,且在最下面 Events 列表中也没有显示变动日志)

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl describe po web-4
Name: web-4
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: k8s-node1/192.168.3.242
Start Time: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 09:39:47 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
controller-revision-hash=web-6c5c7fd59b
statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name=web-4
Annotations: cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: 5fea7938b6dabd02a07ece3afb77eb827c16bf96f0902ed2d3e84584b41b2b19
cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.244.36.77/32
cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.244.36.77/32
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.36.77
IPs:
IP: 10.244.36.77
Controlled By: StatefulSet/web
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://d4ead41d6f391de3151bf5bb4b3498418184691c9fc824fda48d25aca8afb28d
Image: nginx:1.7.9
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:e3456c851a152494c3e4ff5fcc26f240206abac0c9d794affb40e0714846c451
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
Started: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 09:39:48 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment:
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-clh6d (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
kube-api-access-clh6d:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
ConfigMapOptional:
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors:
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message


Normal Scheduled 25m default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/web-4 to k8s-node1
Normal Pulled 25m kubelet Container image “nginx:1.7.9” already present on machine
Normal Created 25m kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 25m kubelet Started container nginx

  1. 删除 pod 是 web-4

kubectl delete po web-4

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl delete po web-4
pod “web-4” deleted

  1. 再次查看 pod 是 web-4 的信息(可以发现 image 改为了 1.9.1,且在最下面 Events 列表中看到是18S前发生的变化)

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl describe po web-4
Name: web-4
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: k8s-node1/192.168.3.242
Start Time: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 10:08:53 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
controller-revision-hash=web-6bc849cb6b
statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name=web-4
Annotations: cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: 638ae0252ecff158173d47826483023b157695ef5d35bce8db2c775e9b4c4a02
cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.244.36.79/32
cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.244.36.79/32
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.36.79
IPs:
IP: 10.244.36.79
Controlled By: StatefulSet/web
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://a038da90c25fa18096ba833a0a51a65a27576c552609c3e72c67b397133513fc
Image: nginx:1.9.1
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:2f68b99bc0d6d25d0c56876b924ec20418544ff28e1fb89a4c27679a40da811b
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
Started: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 10:08:54 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment:
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-ccnbf (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
kube-api-access-ccnbf:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
ConfigMapOptional:
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors:
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message


Normal Scheduled 19s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/web-4 to k8s-node1
Normal Pulled 18s kubelet Container image “nginx:1.9.1” already present on machine
Normal Created 18s kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 18s kubelet Started container nginx

  1. 依次删除 web-3、web-2、web-1、web-0 可实现image版本的更新

3.4 删除 StatefulSet 及其关联

StatefulSet 创建时会关联 Service 、PVC、Pod ,中间没有 ReplicaSet(RS)。

级联删除
在删除 StatefulSet 时,默认关联的 Pod 会一起删除,也就是级联删除,但 PVC、 Service 不会一起删除。

级联删除:删除 statefulset 时会同时删除 pods

kubectl delete statefulset web

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl delete sts web
statefulset.apps “web” deleted

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get sts
No resources found in default namespace.

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 3d17h
nginx ClusterIP None 80/TCP 87m

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get po
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dns-test 1/1 Running 1 (85m ago) 86m

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get pvc
No resources found in default namespace.


非级联删除:在删除 StatefulSet 时,默认关联的 Pod 不会一起删除,只删除 StatefulSet 本身,PVC、 Service 也不会删除。

非级联删除:删除 statefulset 时不会删除 pods,删除 sts 后,pods 就没人管了,此时再删除 pod 不会重建的

kubectl delete sts web --cascade=orphan

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl delete sts web --cascade=false
warning: --cascade=false is deprecated (boolean value) and can be replaced with --cascade=orphan.
statefulset.apps “web” deleted

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get sts
No resources found in default namespace.

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 3d17h
nginx ClusterIP None 80/TCP 2m42s

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dns-test 1/1 Running 1 (92m ago) 93m
web-0 1/1 Running 0 2m50s
web-1 1/1 Running 0 2m48s

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get pvc
No resources found in default namespace.

删除 Pod:

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get po
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dns-test 1/1 Running 1 (95m ago) 96m
web-0 1/1 Running 0 6m22s
web-1 1/1 Running 0 6m20s

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl delete po web-0 web-1
pod “web-0” deleted
pod “web-1” deleted

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get po
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dns-test 1/1 Running 1 (96m ago) 97m

删除 Service:

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 3d17h
nginx ClusterIP None 80/TCP 7m53s

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl delete svc nginx
service “nginx” deleted

[root@k8s-master statefulset]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 3d17h

3.5 删除 StatefulSet 关联的 PVC

如果有关联的 PVC 则删除,没有则不删除。

StatefulSet删除后PVC还会保留着,数据不再使用的话也需要删除

$ kubectl delete pvc www-web-0 www-web-1

3.6 配置文件(与 3.1 创建 StatefulSet 用的一致)

注意:配置文件中有---分割,这是用于说明在这个yaml的配置文件里嵌套了另一个yaml的内容。


apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
ports:

  • port: 80
    name: web
    clusterIP: None
    selector:
    app: nginx

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet # StatefulSet 类型的资源
metadata:
name: web # StatefulSet 对象的名字
spec:
serviceName: “nginx” # 使用哪个 service来管理 dns(这里使用nginx的service,因为在nginx的metadata的name是nginx)
replicas: 2
selector: # 选择器,用于找到匹配的 RS
matchLabels: # 按照标签匹配
app: nginx # 匹配的标签key/value
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:

  • name: nginx
    image: nginx:1.7.9
    ports: # 容器内部要暴露的端口
  • containerPort: 80 # 容器内部具体要暴露的端口号
    name: web # 该端口号配置的名字
    volumeMounts: # 加载数据卷
  • name: www # 加载哪个数据卷
    mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html # 加载到容器中的哪个目录
    volumeClaimTemplates: # 数据卷模板
  • metadata: # 数据卷描述
    name: www # 数据卷的名称
    annotations: # 数据卷的注解
    volume.alpha.kubernetes.io/storage-class: anything
    spec: # 数据卷的规约
    accessModes: [ “ReadWriteOnce” ] # 访问模式
    resources:
    requests:
    storage: 1Gi # 需要的存储资源大小

4 DaemonSet

会根据 DaemonSet 绑定的 Node 标签,为每一个匹配到的 Node 都自动部署一个有守护进程的 Pod

即使后面又增加了新的节点,只要新的节点设置的标签和 DaemonSet 绑定的 Node 标签一致,DaemonSet 就会继续为这些新增加的节点自动部署一个有守护进程 Pod
在这里插入图片描述


示例图:(收集 Node1、Node2、Node3 产生的日志)
在这里插入图片描述

4.1 配置文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet # 创建 DaemonSet 资源
metadata:
name: fluentd # DaemonSet 资源的名称
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: logging # 和下面 template.metadata.labels.app是匹配的
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: logging
id: fluentd
name: fluentd # Pod 的名字
spec:
containers:

  • name: fluentd-es # 容器的名称

image: k8s.gcr.io/fluentd-elasticsearch:v1.3.0 # 容器使用的镜像

image: agilestacks/fluentd-elasticsearch:v1.3.0 # 容器使用的镜像
env: # 环境变量配置

  • name: FLUENTD_ARGS # 环境变量的 key
    value: -qq # 环境变量的 value
    volumeMounts: # 加载数据卷,防止数据丢失
  • name: containers # 数据卷名称
    mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers # 将数据卷挂载到容器内哪个目录
  • name: varlog
    mountPath: /varlog
    volumes: # 定义数据卷
  • hostPath: # 数据卷类型,主机路径的模式,也就是与 node 共享目录
    path: /var/lib/docker/containers # node中的共享目录 (将服务器的目录挂载到容器内部,如果服务器内不存在该目录,则会自动创建该目录)
    name: containers # 定义的数据卷名称
  • hostPath:
    path: /var/log
    name: varlog

4.2 创建 DaemonSet

  1. 创建 DaemonSet 的文件夹

make /opt/k8s/daemonset/

  1. /opt/k8s/daemonset/下编写配置文件fluentd-ds.yaml(来自 4.1 配置文件,未指定绑定的 node

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet # 创建 DaemonSet 资源
metadata:
name: fluentd # DaemonSet 资源的名称
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: logging # 和下面 template.metadata.labels.app是匹配的
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: logging
id: fluentd
name: fluentd # Pod 的名字
spec:
containers:

  • name: fluentd-es # 容器的名称

image: k8s.gcr.io/fluentd-elasticsearch:v1.3.0 # 容器使用的镜像

image: agilestacks/fluentd-elasticsearch:v1.3.0 # 容器使用的镜像
env: # 环境变量配置

  • name: FLUENTD_ARGS # 环境变量的 key
    value: -qq # 环境变量的 value
    volumeMounts: # 加载数据卷,防止数据丢失
  • name: containers # 数据卷名称
    mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers # 将数据卷挂载到容器内哪个目录
  • name: varlog
    mountPath: /varlog
    volumes: # 定义数据卷
  • hostPath: # 数据卷类型,主机路径的模式,也就是与 node 共享目录
    path: /var/lib/docker/containers # node中的共享目录 (将服务器的目录挂载到容器内部,如果服务器内不存在该目录,则会自动创建该目录)
    name: containers # 定义的数据卷名称
  • hostPath:
    path: /var/log
    name: varlog
  1. 根据配置文件创建 DaemonSet 应用

kubectl create -f fluentd-ds.yaml

[root@k8s-master daemonset]# kubectl create -f fluentd-ds.yaml
daemonset.apps/fluentd created

网上学习资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友,可以添加V获取:vip1024b (备注Go)
img

一个人可以走的很快,但一群人才能走的更远!不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人,都欢迎加入我们的的圈子(技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导),让我们一起学习成长!
该目录,则会自动创建该目录)
name: containers # 定义的数据卷名称

  • hostPath:
    path: /var/log
    name: varlog

4.2 创建 DaemonSet

  1. 创建 DaemonSet 的文件夹

make /opt/k8s/daemonset/

  1. /opt/k8s/daemonset/下编写配置文件fluentd-ds.yaml(来自 4.1 配置文件,未指定绑定的 node

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet # 创建 DaemonSet 资源
metadata:
name: fluentd # DaemonSet 资源的名称
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: logging # 和下面 template.metadata.labels.app是匹配的
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: logging
id: fluentd
name: fluentd # Pod 的名字
spec:
containers:

  • name: fluentd-es # 容器的名称

image: k8s.gcr.io/fluentd-elasticsearch:v1.3.0 # 容器使用的镜像

image: agilestacks/fluentd-elasticsearch:v1.3.0 # 容器使用的镜像
env: # 环境变量配置

  • name: FLUENTD_ARGS # 环境变量的 key
    value: -qq # 环境变量的 value
    volumeMounts: # 加载数据卷,防止数据丢失
  • name: containers # 数据卷名称
    mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers # 将数据卷挂载到容器内哪个目录
  • name: varlog
    mountPath: /varlog
    volumes: # 定义数据卷
  • hostPath: # 数据卷类型,主机路径的模式,也就是与 node 共享目录
    path: /var/lib/docker/containers # node中的共享目录 (将服务器的目录挂载到容器内部,如果服务器内不存在该目录,则会自动创建该目录)
    name: containers # 定义的数据卷名称
  • hostPath:
    path: /var/log
    name: varlog
  1. 根据配置文件创建 DaemonSet 应用

kubectl create -f fluentd-ds.yaml

[root@k8s-master daemonset]# kubectl create -f fluentd-ds.yaml
daemonset.apps/fluentd created

网上学习资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友,可以添加V获取:vip1024b (备注Go)
[外链图片转存中…(img-IisYiM3W-1713328297507)]

一个人可以走的很快,但一群人才能走的更远!不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人,都欢迎加入我们的的圈子(技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导),让我们一起学习成长!

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