Kubernetes(K8S)学习(二):K8S常用组件
ReplicationController确保任何时期都在运行指定数量的Pod副本。换句话说,ReplicationController确保一个容器或一组相同的容器始终处于可用状态。Pod期待的副本数(replicas)用于筛选目标Pod的Label Selector当Pod的副本数量小于预期数量时,用于创建新Pod的Pod模板(template)也就是说通过RC实现了集群中Pod的高可用,减少了
K8S常用组件
一、 Controllers
官网
:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/
1、ReplicationController(RC)
官网
:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/
1.1、简介
ReplicationController确保任何时期都在运行指定数量的Pod副本。 换句话说,ReplicationController确保一个容器或一组相同的容器始终处于可用状态。
- Pod期待的副本数(replicas)
- 用于筛选目标Pod的Label Selector
- 当Pod的副本数量小于预期数量时,用于创建新Pod的Pod模板(template)
也就是说通过RC实现了集群中Pod的高可用,减少了传统IT环境中手工运维的工作。
常见配置参数:
- (1)kind:表示要新建对象的类型。
- (2)spec.selector:表示需要管理的Pod的label,这里表示包含。
- (3)app: nginx的label的Pod都会被该RC管理。
- (4)spec.replicas:表示受此RC管理的Pod需要运行的副本数。
- (5)spec.template:表示用于定义Pod的模板,比如Pod名称、拥有的label以及Pod中运行的应用等。
通过改变RC里Pod模板中的镜像版本,可以实现Pod的升级功能。
常用命令:
- (1)依据yaml文件配置创建pod
kubectl apply -f yaml文件名
- (2)扩/缩容命令
kubectl scale rc nginx --replicas=指定扩/缩容副本数量
1.2、测试
(1)创建nginx_replication.yaml
创建nginx_replication.yaml文件:
[root@m test]# vi nginx_replication.yaml
内容如下(replicas: 3,即创建3个副本):
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
name: nginx
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
(2)根据yaml创建pod
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f nginx_replication.yaml
(3)查看pod、查看RC
# 查看pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-c57tk 1/1 Running 0 109s 192.168.190.69 w1 <none> <none>
nginx-dhv9m 1/1 Running 0 109s 192.168.190.68 w1 <none> <none>
nginx-v5cbm 1/1 Running 0 109s 192.168.80.195 w2 <none> <none>
[root@m test]#
#查看RC
[root@m test]# kubectl get rc
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
nginx 3 3 3 2m12s
[root@m test]#
(4)尝试删除一个pod
#(1)删除
[root@m test]# kubectl delete pods nginx-v5cbm
pod "nginx-v5cbm" deleted
[root@m test]#
#(2)查看pod(发现又自动创建了一个新的)
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-9f4ht 1/1 Running 0 22s 192.168.80.196 w2 <none> <none>
nginx-c57tk 1/1 Running 0 3m36s 192.168.190.69 w1 <none> <none>
nginx-dhv9m 1/1 Running 0 3m36s 192.168.190.68 w1 <none> <none>
[root@m test]#
(5)对pod进行扩/缩容
#(1)使用RC进行扩容(5个副本)
[root@m test]# kubectl scale rc nginx --replicas=5
replicationcontroller/nginx scaled
[root@m test]#
#(2)查看pod(发现变成了5个副本,分布再集群节点上)
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-9f4ht 1/1 Running 0 2m57s 192.168.80.196 w2 <none> <none>
nginx-c57tk 1/1 Running 0 6m11s 192.168.190.69 w1 <none> <none>
nginx-dhv9m 1/1 Running 0 6m11s 192.168.190.68 w1 <none> <none>
nginx-j68nb 1/1 Running 0 77s 192.168.80.197 w2 <none> <none>
nginx-zfz4h 1/1 Running 0 77s 192.168.80.198 w2 <none> <none>
[root@m test]#
(6)删除测试资源(自行选择
)
#(1)使用RC进行扩容(5个副本)
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f nginx_replication.yaml
replicationcontroller "nginx" deleted
[root@m test]#
#(2)查看pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.
[root@m test]#
#(3)删除nginx_replication.yaml(自行选择)
[root@m test]# rm nginx_replication.yaml
rm:是否删除普通文件 "nginx_replication.yaml"?y
[root@m test]#
2、ReplicaSet(RS)
官网
:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/
2.1、简介
ReplicaSet的目的是维护在任何给定时间运行的稳定的副本Pod集。 因此,它通常用于保证指定数量的相同Pod的可用性。
在Kubernetes v1.2时,RC就升级成了另外一个概念:
Replica Set
,官方解释为“下一代RC”。ReplicaSet和RC没有本质的区别,kubectl中绝大部分作用于RC的命令同样适用于RS。
RS与RC唯一的区别是:RS支持基于集合的Label Selector(Set-based selector),而RC只支持基于等式的Label Selector(equality-based selector),这使得Replica Set的功能更强。
2.2、测试(见deployment)
一般情况下,我们很少单独使用Replica Set,它主要是被Deployment这个更高的资源对象所使用,从而形成一整套Pod创建、删除、更新的编排机制。当我们使用Deployment时,无须关心它是如何创建和维护Replica Set的,这一切都是自动发生的。同时,无需担心跟其他机制的不兼容问题(比如ReplicaSet不支持rolling-update但Deployment支持)。
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
name: frontend
spec:
matchLabels:
tier: frontend
matchExpressions:
- {key:tier,operator: In,values: [frontend]}
template:
...
说明:ReplicaSet的测试会结合下一节Deployment一起测试,参见下一节测试。
3、Deployment
官网
:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/
3.1、简介
Deployment为Pod和ReplicaSet提供了声明式更新(即我们可以随时知道当前Pod“部署”的进度)。
可以在Deployment中描述预期的状态,然后Deployment控制器将实际状态以受控的速率更改为所预期的状态。
创建一个Deployment对象来生成对应的Replica Set,并完成Pod副本的创建过程。我们可以检查Deploymnet的状态来看部署动作是否完成(Pod副本的数量是否达到预期的值)。
3.2、测试
(1)创建nginx_deployment.yaml文件
[root@m test]# vi nginx_deployment.yaml
内容如下(replicas: 3,即创建3个副本):
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.7.9
ports:
- containerPort: 80
(2)根据yaml文件创建pod
根据nginx_deployment.yaml文件创建pod:
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f nginx_deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created
[root@m test]#
(3)查看pod创建情况
# 查看pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-deployment-6dd86d77d-kdvh2 1/1 Running 0 16m 192.168.80.204 w2 <none> <none>
nginx-deployment-6dd86d77d-q4l7l 1/1 Running 0 16m 192.168.80.205 w2 <none> <none>
nginx-deployment-6dd86d77d-s59nl 1/1 Running 0 16m 192.168.190.72 w1 <none> <none>
[root@m test]#
# 查看deployment
[root@m test]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deployment 3/3 3 3 18m
[root@m test]#
# 查看RS
[root@m test]# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
nginx-deployment-6dd86d77d 3 3 3 17m
[root@m test]#
查看pod创建情况命令(
可看到异常原因
):
[root@m test]# kubectl describe pod
(4)查看nginx的版本
通过查看deployment来查看nginx版本:
# (1)查看nginx版本(通过deployment来查看nginx版本)
[root@m test]# kubectl get deployment -o wide
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx-deployment 3/3 3 3 18m nginx nginx:1.7.9 app=nginx
[root@m test]#
#(2)更新nginx镜像版本
[root@m test]# kubectl set image deployment nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.9.1
deployment.extensions/nginx-deployment image updated
[root@m test]#
# (3)再次查看nginx版本
[root@m test]# kubectl get deployment -o wide
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx-deployment 3/3 1 3 41m nginx nginx:1.9.1 app=nginx
[root@m test]#
(5)删除测试资源(自行选择
)
#(1)删除pod
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f nginx_deployment.yaml
deployment.apps "nginx-deployment" deleted
[root@m test]#
#(2)删除nginx_deployment.yaml文件
[root@m test]# rm nginx_deployment.yaml
rm:是否删除普通文件 "nginx_deployment.yaml"?y
[root@m test]#
二、Labels and Selectors
官网
:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/
Labels就是key/value键值对,可以打在任何资源或对象上。如,在前面的测试的yaml文件中,有很多label,就是给一些资源打上标签的。
例如:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx-pod
labels:
app: nginx
其中,名称为nginx-pod的pod,有一个label,key为app,value为nginx。
我们还可以将具有同一个label的pod,交给selector管理(如下):
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas: 3
selector: # 匹配具有同一个label属性的pod标签
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template: # 定义pod的模板
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx # 定义当前pod的label属性,app为key,value为nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.7.9
ports:
- containerPort: 80
查看pod的label标签命令:
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
三、Namespace(命名空间)
1、简介
命名空间就是为了隔离不同的资源,比如:Pod、Service、Deployment等。可以在输入命令的时候指定命名空间-n
,如果不指定,则使用默认的命名空间:default
。
常用命令:
- (1)查看默认(default)命名空间的pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods- (2)查看指定命名空间(kube-system)的pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system- (3)查看当前命名空间
[root@m test]# kubectl get namespaces
或
[root@m test]# kubectl get ns- (4)查看指定命名空间(myns)下的所有资源对象
[root@m test]# kubectl get all -n myns- (5)查看所有命名空间下的pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
[root@m test]# kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 44h
kube-node-lease Active 44h
kube-public Active 44h
kube-system Active 44h
[root@m test]#
2、测试
2.1、创建namespace
(1)创建myns-namespace.yaml
[root@m test]# vi myns-namespace.yaml
内容:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: myns
(2)依据yaml配置创建namespace
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f myns-namespace.yaml
namespace/myns created
[root@m test]#
(3)查看命名空间
[root@m test]# kubectl get ns
2.2、创建pod
(1)创建一个pod(在myns命名空间下创建)
创建nginx-pod.yaml文件:
[root@m test]# vi nginx-pod.yaml
内容:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx-pod
namespace: myns
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-container
image: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
(2)依据yaml配置创建pod
注意: 此步骤的前提是
myns
命名空间已经被创建成功。
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml
pod/nginx-pod created
[root@m test]#
(3)查看myns命名空间下的Pod和资源
# 查看pod(default命名空间下的pod)
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods
# 查看pod(myns命名空间下的pod)
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods -n myns
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-pod 1/1 Running 0 81s
[root@m test]#
# 查看所有资源对象(myns命名空间下的)
[root@m test]# kubectl get all -n myns
# 查看pod(所有命名空间下的)
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
(4)删除测试资源(自行选择
)
# (1)删除pod
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f nginx-pod.yaml
pod "nginx-pod" deleted
[root@m test]#
# (2)删除namespace
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f myns-namespace.yaml
namespace "myns" deleted
[root@m test]#
# (3)删除nginx-pod.yaml文件
[root@m test]# rm nginx-pod.yaml
rm:是否删除普通文件 "nginx-pod.yaml"?y
[root@m test]#
# (4)删除myns-namespace.yaml文件
[root@m test]# rm myns-namespace.yaml
rm:是否删除普通文件 "myns-namespace.yaml"?y
[root@m test]#
四、Network
接下来,了解下Kubernetes网络通信相关的内容。
K8S最小的操作单位是Pod。
1、集群内:同一个Pod中的容器通信
Kubernetes中,每个Pod分配有一个唯一的IP地址。 Pod中的每个容器都共享网络命名空间,包括IP地址和网络端口,即同一个pod中的容器是共享网络IP地址和端口号的,通信畅通无阻。
思考: 如果通过容器的名称将如何进行通信呢?
答:需要将所有pod中的容器加入到同一个容器的网络中,我们把该容器称作为pod中的
pause container
。
2、集群内:Pod之间的通信
我们都知道每个Pod会有独立的IP地址,这个IP地址是被Pod中所有的Container共享的,那么多个Pod之间的通信是通过这个IP地址进行的吗?
我们分析两个维度:
(1)集群中同一台机器中的Pod。
(2)集群中不同机器中的Pod。
2.1、测试准备
准备两个pod,一个nginx,一个busybox。
(1)创建并编辑nginx_pod.yaml文件
[root@m test]# vi nginx_pod.yaml
内容:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx-pod
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-container
image: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
(2)创建并编辑busybox_pod.yaml文件
[root@m test]# vi busybox_pod.yaml
内容:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: busybox
labels:
app: busybox
spec:
containers:
- name: busybox
image: busybox
command: ['sh', '-c', 'echo The app is running! && sleep 3600']
(3)创建两个pod,并查看
#(1)依据yaml配置创建nginx_pod
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f nginx_pod.yaml
pod/nginx-pod created
[root@m test]#
#(2)依据yaml配置创建busybox_pod
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f busybox_pod.yaml
pod/busybox created
[root@m test]#
#(3)查看pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
busybox 1/1 Running 0 38s 192.168.80.208 w2 <none> <none>
nginx-pod 1/1 Running 0 77s 192.168.190.75 w1 <none> <none>
[root@m test]#
其中,nginx-pod的IP为192.168.190.75,分布于w1(worker01)节点;busybox-pod的IP为192.168.80.208,分布于w2(worker02)节点。
2.2、测试:同一个集群中同一台机器节点
说明: 在准备环境中,
(1)nginx-pod的IP为192.168.190.75,分布于w1(worker01)节点;
(2)busybox-pod的IP为192.168.80.208,分布于w2(worker02)节点。
(1)在worker01节点,ping本节点IP(ping成功
)
[root@w1 ~]# ping 192.168.190.75
(2)在worker01节点,curl本节点IP(curl成功
)
[root@w1 ~]# curl 192.168.190.75
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@w1 ~]#
2.3、测试:同一个集群中不同机器节点
说明: 在准备环境中,
(1)nginx-pod的IP为192.168.190.75,分布于w1(worker01)节点;
(2)busybox-pod的IP为192.168.80.208,分布于w2(worker02)节点。
注意:
worker01上的nginx会监听80端口,所以使用curl测试时,master和worker02均能curl测通,但反之不能。
(1)在worker02节点,ping测试worker01节点中nginx-pod的IP(ping成功
)
[root@w2 ~]# ping 192.168.190.75
(2)在worker02节点,curl测试worker01节点中nginx-pod的IP(curl成功
)
[root@w2 ~]# curl 192.168.190.75
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@w2 ~]#
(3)在worker01节点,ping测试worker02节点中busybox-pod的IP(ping成功
)
[root@w1 ~]# ping 192.168.80.208
(4)在master节点
说明: 在准备环境中,
(1)nginx-pod的IP为192.168.190.75,分布于w1(worker01)节点;
(2)busybox-pod的IP为192.168.80.208,分布于w2(worker02)节点。
① ping测试worker02节点中busybox-pod的IP(ping成功
)
[root@m test]# ping 192.168.80.208
② ping测试worker01节点中nginx-pod的IP(ping成功
)
[root@m test]# ping 192.168.190.75
③ curl测试worker01节点中nginx-pod的IP(curl成功
)
[root@m test]# curl 192.168.190.75
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@m test]#
2.4、删除测试资源
#(1)删除2个pod
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f nginx_pod.yaml
pod "nginx-pod" deleted
[root@m test]#
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f busybox_pod.yaml
pod "busybox" deleted
[root@m test]#
#(2)删除2个yaml配置文件
[root@m test]# rm nginx_pod.yaml
rm:是否删除普通文件 "nginx_pod.yaml"?y
[root@m test]#
[root@m test]# rm busybox_pod.yaml
rm:是否删除普通文件 "busybox_pod.yaml"?y
[root@m test]#
3、集群内:通过Service-Cluster IP通信
Service官网
:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/
对于上述的Pod虽然实现了集群内部互相通信,但是
Pod是不稳定的
,比如通过Deployment管理Pod,随时可能对Pod进行扩缩容,这时候Pod的IP地址是变化的。能够有一个固定的IP,使得集群内能够访问。也就是之前在架构描述的时候所提到的,能够把相同或者具有关联的Pod,打上Label,组成Service。而Service有固定的IP,不管Pod怎么创建和销毁,都可以通过Service的IP进行访问。
Service将运行在一组Pod上的应用程序暴露(expose)为网络服务的抽象方法。
使用Kubernetes,您无需修改应用程序即可使用不熟悉的服务发现机制(unfamiliar service discovery mechanism)。 Kubernetes为Pods提供自己的IP地址和一组Pod的单个DNS名称,并且可以在它们之间进行负载平衡。
3.1、测试Service-Cluster IP
(1)创建并编辑whoami-deployment.yaml文件
[root@m ~]# vi whoami-deployment.yaml
内容(创建3个副本、端口:8000
):
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: whoami-deployment
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami
image: jwilder/whoami
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
(2)创建pod
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f whoami-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/whoami-deployment created
[root@m test]#
(3)查看pod、deployment
#(1)查看pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-4l9sh 1/1 Running 0 15m 192.168.190.77 w1 <none> <none>
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-5vb8x 1/1 Running 0 15m 192.168.80.210 w2 <none> <none>
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-cvqhl 1/1 Running 0 15m 192.168.190.78 w1 <none> <none>
[root@m test]#
#(2)查看deployment
[root@m test]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
whoami-deployment 3/3 3 3 3m1s
[root@m test]#
(4)在集群内正常访问pod
pod分布信息(端口:
8000
)whoami-deployment-678b64444d-4l9sh 192.168.190.77 w1(worker01)
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-5vb8x 192.168.80.210 w2(worker02)
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-cvqhl 192.168.190.78 w1(worker01)
分别在3个节点通过curl访问pod,均可测通:
[root@m test]# curl 192.168.190.77:8000
I am whoami-deployment-678b64444d-4l9sh
[root@m test]#
[root@m test]# curl 192.168.80.210:8000
I am whoami-deployment-678b64444d-5vb8x
[root@m test]#
[root@m test]# curl 192.168.190.78:8000
I am whoami-deployment-678b64444d-cvqhl
[root@m test]#
(5)创建service并查看
#(1)查看Service(目前只有kubernetes,因为whoami-deployment的service还没有创建呢!)
[root@m test]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 2d11h
[root@m test]#
#(2)暴露Service(即创建Service)
[root@m test]# kubectl expose deployment whoami-deployment
service/whoami-deployment exposed
[root@m test]#
#(3)再次查看Service(可以看到whoami-deployment的service已被创建)
[root@m test]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 2d12h
whoami-deployment ClusterIP 10.98.239.156 <none> 8000/TCP 13s
[root@m test]#
如上,可以发现有一个Cluster IP类型的service,名称为whoami-deployment,IP为10.98.239.156,端口为8000。
附: 删除service命令
kubectl delete service whoami-deployment
(6)通过Service的Cluster IP访问(10.98.239.156)
可以发现,通信成功,并进行了 负载平衡
:
[root@m test]# curl 10.98.239.156:8000
I am whoami-deployment-678b64444d-4l9sh
[root@m test]# curl 10.98.239.156:8000
I am whoami-deployment-678b64444d-cvqhl
[root@m test]# curl 10.98.239.156:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-5vb8x
[root@m test]#
(7)查看service详细信息
查看whoami-deployment的service详情信息,发现有一个Endpoints连接了具体3个Pod(IP):
[root@m test]# kubectl describe svc whoami-deployment
Name: whoami-deployment
Namespace: default
Labels: app=whoami
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=whoami
Type: ClusterIP
IP Families: <none>
IP: 10.98.239.156
IPs: <none>
Port: <unset> 8000/TCP
TargetPort: 8000/TCP
Endpoints: 192.168.190.77:8000,192.168.190.78:8000,192.168.80.210:8000
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
[root@m test]#
(8)测试:pod扩容后,使用curl访问
#(1)对whoami-deployment的pod进行扩容成5个副本
[root@m test]# kubectl scale deployment whoami-deployment --replicas=5
deployment.extensions/whoami-deployment scaled
[root@m test]#
#(2)查看pod详情
[root@m test]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE RE
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-4l9sh 1/1 Running 0 50m 192.168.190.77 w1 <none> <n
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-5vb8x 1/1 Running 0 50m 192.168.80.210 w2 <none> <n
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-cvqhl 1/1 Running 0 50m 192.168.190.78 w1 <none> <n
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-q4wfj 1/1 Running 0 2m6s 192.168.190.79 w1 <none> <n
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-x4tqg 1/1 Running 0 2m6s 192.168.80.211 w2 <none> <n
[root@m test]#
#(3)通过Service的Cluster IP访问(通信成功,并进行了负载平衡)
[root@m test]# curl 10.98.239.156:8000
I am whoami-deployment-678b64444d-cvqhl
[root@m test]# curl 10.98.239.156:8000
I am whoami-deployment-678b64444d-4l9sh
[root@m test]# curl 10.98.239.156:8000
I am whoami-deployment-678b64444d-q4wfj
[root@m test]# curl 10.98.239.156:8000
I am whoami-deployment-678b64444d-5vb8x
[root@m test]# curl 10.98.239.156:8000
I am whoami-deployment-678b64444d-x4tqg
[root@m test]#
(9)再次查看service具体信息
[root@m test]# kubectl describe svc whoami-deployment
Name: whoami-deployment
Namespace: default
Labels: app=whoami
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=whoami
Type: ClusterIP
IP Families: <none>
IP: 10.98.239.156
IPs: <none>
Port: <unset> 8000/TCP
TargetPort: 8000/TCP
Endpoints: 192.168.190.77:8000,192.168.190.78:8000,192.168.190.79:8000 + 2 more...
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
[root@m test]#
(10)测试总结
总结: Service存在的意义就是为了解决Pod的不稳定性,而上述探讨的就是关于Service的一种类型Cluster IP,只能供集群内访问。
(11)删除测试资源
#(1)删除pod
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f whoami-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps "whoami-deployment" deleted
[root@m test]#
#(2)删除service(删除whoami-deployment)
[root@m test]# kubectl delete svc whoami-deployment
service "whoami-deployment" deleted
[root@m test]#
#(3)删除yaml配置文件
[root@m test]# rm whoami-deployment.yaml
rm:是否删除普通文件 "whoami-deployment.yaml"?y
[root@m test]#
4、Pod访问外部服务
比较简单,没太多好说的内容,直接访问即可。
5、外部服务访问集群中的Pod(通过Service-NodePort通信)
Service-NodePort也是Service的一种类型,可以通过NodePort的方式
说白了,因为外部能够访问到集群的物理机器IP,所以就是在集群中每台物理机器节点上暴露一个相同的端口,如:31689。
5.1、测试Service-NodePort
(1)创建并编辑whoami-deployment.yaml文件
创建whoami-deployment.yaml:
[root@m test]# vi whoami-deployment.yaml
内容:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: whoami-deployment
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami
image: jwilder/whoami
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
(2)创建pod
#(1)创建pod
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f whoami-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/whoami-deployment created
[root@m test]#
#(2)查看pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-dcgxn 1/1 Running 0 37s 192.168.80.212 w2 <none> <none>
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-f7wxt 1/1 Running 0 37s 192.168.80.213 w2 <none> <none>
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-nsqgp 1/1 Running 0 37s 192.168.190.80 w1 <none> <none>
[root@m test]#
(3)创建service并查看
#(1)查看Service(目前只有kubernetes,因为whoami-deployment的service还没有创建呢!)
[root@m test]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 2d12h
[root@m test]#
#(2)暴露Service(即创建Service)
[root@m test]# kubectl expose deployment whoami-deployment --type=NodePort
service/whoami-deployment exposed
[root@m test]#
#(3)再次查看Service(可以看到whoami-deployment的service已被创建)
[root@m test]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 2d13h
whoami-deployment NodePort 10.99.165.184 <none> 8000:31689/TCP 5s
[root@m test]#
附:删除service命令
kubectl delete service whoami-deployment
(4)查看暴露在集群中各节点端口情况
如上,名为whoami-deployment的service,类型: NodePort,IP:10.99.165.184,端口:8000:31689/TCP
查看暴露在集群中各个物理机器节点上的端口情况:
常用端口查询命令:
- (1)lsof -i tcp:端口
- (2)netstat -ntlp | grep 端口
#(1)在master节点,查看端口
[root@m ~]# netstat -ntlp | grep 31689
tcp6 0 0 :::31689 :::* LISTEN 2856/kube-proxy
[root@m ~]#
#(2)在worker01节点,查看端口
[root@w1 ~]# netstat -ntlp | grep 31689
tcp6 0 0 :::31689 :::* LISTEN 2519/kube-proxy
[root@w1 ~]#
#(3)在worker02节点,查看端口
[root@w2 ~]# netstat -ntlp | grep 31689
tcp6 0 0 :::31689 :::* LISTEN 2461/kube-proxy
[root@w2 ~]#
(5)外部浏览器访问(通过集群各节点物理机IP和暴露的端口)
如上,名为whoami-deployment的service,类型: NodePort,IP:10.99.165.184,端口:8000:31689/TCP
其各物理机IP为:
master节点IP:192.168.116.170 暴露的端口:31689
worker01节点IP:192.168.116.171 暴露的端口:31689
worker02节点IP:192.168.116.172 暴露的端口:31689
浏览器访问如下:
(6)测试总结
NodePort能够实现外部访问Pod的需求,唯一的缺点:占用了各个物理主机上的端口。
(7)删除测试资源
#(1)删除pod
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f whoami-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps "whoami-deployment" deleted
[root@m test]#
#(2)删除Service
[root@m test]# kubectl delete service whoami-deployment
service "whoami-deployment" deleted
[root@m test]#
#(3)删除yaml配置文件
[root@m test]# rm whoami-deployment.yaml
rm:是否删除普通文件 "whoami-deployment.yaml"?y
[root@m test]#
6、外部服务访问集群中的Pod(通过Service-LoadBalance通信)
测试思路: 在K8S集群中部署tomcat,浏览器想要访问这个tomcat,也就是外部要访问该tomcat,用之前的Service-NodePort的方式是可以的,比如暴露一个32008端口,只需要访问http://192.168.161.170:32008即可。
6.1、测试环境准备
(1)创建并编辑my-tomcat.yaml文件
[root@m test]# vi my-tomcat.yaml
内容:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: tomcat-deployment
labels:
app: tomcat
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: tomcat
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: tomcat
spec:
containers:
- name: tomcat
image: tomcat
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: tomcat-service
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 8080
selector:
app: tomcat
type: NodePort
(2)创建pod和service
根据my-tomcat.yaml文件,创建pod和service:
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f my-tomcat.yaml
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment created
service/tomcat-service created
[root@m test]#
(3)查看pod、deployment、service
#(1)查看pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
tomcat-deployment-6b9d6f8547-56bz6 1/1 Running 0 2m9s 192.168.80.214 w2 <none> <none>
[root@m test]#
#(2)查看deployment
[root@m test]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
tomcat-deployment 1/1 1 1 2m24s
[root@m test]#
#(3)查看service
[root@m test]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 2d20h
tomcat-service NodePort 10.101.44.115 <none> 80:31427/TCP 2m32s
[root@m test]#
(4)删除测试资源
以下删除pod的同时,其对应的tomcat-service也会自动删除:
#(1)删除pod和service
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f my-tomcat.yaml
deployment.apps "tomcat-deployment" deleted
service "tomcat-service" deleted
[root@m test]#
# (2)删除yaml配置文件
[root@m test]# rm my-tomcat.yaml
rm:是否删除普通文件 "my-tomcat.yaml"?y
[root@m test]#
Service-NodePort的方式生产环境不推荐使用,那接下来就基于上述需求,使用Ingress实现访问tomcat的需求
。
6.2、测试Ingress插件
Ingress插件官网
:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/GitHub Ingress Nginx地址
:https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginxNginx Ingress Controller地址
:https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/
(1)Ingress简介
一个API对象,用于管理对集群中服务的外部访问,通常是HTTP。
Ingress可以提供负载平衡,SSL终端和基于名称的虚拟主机。
Ingress公开了从群集外部到群集内服务的HTTP和HTTPS路由 。流量路由由Ingress资源上定义的规则控制。
如下是一个简单的示例,其中Ingress将所有流量发送到一个Service:
可以将Ingress配置为提供服务可外部访问的URL,负载平衡流量,终止SSL / TLS并提供基于名称的虚拟主机。一个入口控制器负责履行入口,通常有一个负载均衡器,虽然它也可以配置您的边缘路由器或额外的前端,以帮助处理流量。
入口不会公开任意端口或协议。将HTTP和HTTPS以外的服务公开到Internet时,通常使用Service.Type = NodePort或 Service.Type = LoadBalancer类型的服务。
(1)创建并编辑mandatory.yaml文件
以Deployment方式创建Pod,该Pod为
Ingress Nginx Controller
,要想让外界访问,可以通过Service的NodePort或者HostPort方式,这里选择HostPort,比如指定worker01运行
创建并编辑mandatory.yaml文件:
[root@m test]# vi mandatory.yaml
mandatory.yaml内容:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: nginx-configuration
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: tcp-services
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: udp-services
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
- endpoints
- nodes
- pods
- secrets
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- events
verbs:
- create
- patch
- apiGroups:
- "extensions"
- "networking.k8s.io"
resources:
- ingresses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- "extensions"
- "networking.k8s.io"
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-role
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
- pods
- secrets
- namespaces
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
resourceNames:
# Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"
# Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"
# This has to be adapted if you change either parameter
# when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
- "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
verbs:
- get
- update
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
verbs:
- create
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- endpoints
verbs:
- get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "10254"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
spec:
# wait up to five minutes for the drain of connections
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
name: ingress
kubernetes.io/os: linux
containers:
- name: nginx-ingress-controller
image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.26.1
args:
- /nginx-ingress-controller
- --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
- --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
- --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
- --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
- --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
# www-data -> 33
runAsUser: 33
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
- name: https
containerPort: 443
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 10
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 10
lifecycle:
preStop:
exec:
command:
- /wait-shutdown
---
说明: 在上面的mandatory.yaml中,
- (1)使用HostPort方式运行,需要增加配置(
上面已配置
)hostNetwork: true- (2)搜索nodeSelector,并且要确保w1(worker01)节点上的80和443端口没有被占用。
- (3)需要注意,这里镜像拉取需要较长的时间。
(2)给worker01节点打lable
在master节点,给worker01节点打lable,确保nginx-controller运行到w1节点上:
[root@m test]# kubectl label node w1 name=ingress
node/w1 labeled
[root@m test]#
(3)应用mandatory.yaml
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml
namespace/ingress-nginx created
configmap/nginx-configuration created
configmap/tcp-services created
configmap/udp-services created
serviceaccount/nginx-ingress-serviceaccount created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-clusterrole created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-role created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding created
deployment.apps/nginx-ingress-controller created
[root@m test]#
(4)查看所有资源/pod
说明: 等待全部资源创建完成,需要等待时间很长。
# (1)查看指定命名空间下的pod(确实分配到了worker01节点)
[root@m test]# kubectl get pod -o wide -n ingress-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-ingress-controller-7c66dcdd6c-nttzp 1/1 Running 0 37m 192.168.116.171 w1 <none> <none>
[root@m test]#
# (2)查看所有资源或对象
[root@m test]# kubectl get all -n ingress-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-ingress-controller-7c66dcdd6c-nttzp 1/1 Running 0 36m
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/nginx-ingress-controller 1/1 1 1 36m
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/nginx-ingress-controller-7c66dcdd6c 1 1 1 36m
[root@m test]#
(5)查看worker01节点的80和443端口
在worker01节点,查看80和443端口使用情况(可看到nginx占用
):
[root@w1 ~]# lsof -i tcp:80
[root@w1 ~]# lsof -i tcp:443
(6)创建并编辑tomcat.yaml
① 创建并编辑tomcat.yaml
[root@m test]# vi tomcat.yaml
内容:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: tomcat-deployment
labels:
app: tomcat
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: tomcat
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: tomcat
spec:
containers:
- name: tomcat
image: tomcat
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: tomcat-service
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 8080
selector:
app: tomcat
② 应用tomcat.yaml(创建tomcat的pod、service)
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f tomcat.yaml
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment created
service/tomcat-service created
[root@m test]#
③ 查看pod和service
#(1)查看pod
[root@m test]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
tomcat-deployment-6b9d6f8547-4d4fx 1/1 Running 0 80s 192.168.80.215 w2 <none> <none>
[root@m test]#
#(2)查看service
[root@m test]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 2d21h
tomcat-service ClusterIP 10.100.157.237 <none> 80/TCP 87s
[root@m test]#
#(3)查看tomcat-service详情(主要看其Endpoints属性)
[root@m test]# kubectl describe svc tomcat-service
Name: tomcat-service
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=tomcat
Type: ClusterIP
IP Families: <none>
IP: 10.100.157.237
IPs: <none>
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 8080/TCP
Endpoints: 192.168.80.215:8080
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
[root@m test]#
(7)创建Ingress,并定义转发规则
① 创建并编辑nginx-ingress.yaml
[root@m test]# vi nginx-ingress.yaml
内容:
#ingress
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress
spec:
rules:
- host: tomcat.jack.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: tomcat-service
servicePort: 80
② 应用nginx-ingress.yaml(创建ingress)
[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f nginx-ingress.yaml
ingress.extensions/nginx-ingress created
[root@m test]#
③ 查看ingress
#(1)查看ingress
[root@m test]# kubectl get ingress
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
nginx-ingress tomcat.jack.com 80 27s
[root@m test]#
#(2) 查看ingress详情
[root@m test]# kubectl describe ingress nginx-ingress
Name: nginx-ingress
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<error: endpoints "default-http-backend" not found>)
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
tomcat.jack.com
/ tomcat-service:80 (192.168.80.215:8080)
Annotations: <none>
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 117s nginx-ingress-controller Ingress default/nginx-ingress
[root@m test]#
(8)通过域名访问
① 修改hosts文件,配置域名解析
修改windows系统的hosts文件(C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts),添加dns解析:
注: 其中,192.168.116.171为worker01节点IP,其他IP不可以,因为我们在创建时就指定了创建在worker01节点。
②浏览器访问(通过ingress配置的域名访问)
访问URL:http://tomcat.jack.com
(9)Ingress总结
总结
:如果以后想要使用Ingress网络,其实只要定义ingress,service和pod即可,前提是要保证nginx ingress controller已经配置好了。
(10)删除测试资源
#(1)删除pod和service等资源
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f nginx-ingress.yaml
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f tomcat.yaml
[root@m test]# kubectl delete -f mandatory.yaml
#(2)删除yaml配置文件
[root@m test]# rm nginx-ingress.yaml
[root@m test]# rm tomcat.yaml
[root@m test]# rm mandatory.yaml
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