部署K8s
部署K8s准备工作所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet实验环境：准备工作1、设置主机名、关闭三台主机的防火墙和selinux、还有swap分区空间这一步的操作是三台主机都要做的//设置主机名[root@master ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master.example.com[root@master ~]# bash[root@master ~
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实验要求
在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：
至少3台机器，操作系统 CentOS7+
- 硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘20GB或更多
- 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
- 可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像
- 禁止swap分区
实验环境：
| 角色 | IP | 系统 | 硬件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| master | 192.168.164.141 | centos8 | 2核 3G内存 |
| node1 | 192.168.164.143 | centos8 | 4核 4G内存 |
| node2 | 192.168.164.144 | centos8 | 4核 4G内存 |
准备工作
1、设置主机名、关闭三台主机的防火墙和selinux、还有swap分区空间
这一步的操作是三台主机都要做的
//设置主机名
[root@master ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master.example.com
[root@master ~]# bash
[root@master ~]# hostname
master.example.com
[root@node1 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node1.example.com
[root@node1 ~]# bash
[root@node1 ~]# hostname
node1.example.com
[root@node2 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node2.example.com
[root@node2 ~]# bash
[root@node2 ~]# hostname
node2.example.com
//关闭防护墙
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
//关闭selinux
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
//关闭swap分区空间
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Nov 12 08:04:53 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/cs-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=b63f82a7-55fa-4e7c-b94e-71f1a1e3cb74 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
# 把下面一行删除掉即可
# 把下面一行删除掉即可
/dev/mapper/cs-swap none swap defaults 0 0
2、master配置DNS域名解析、IPv4流量传递到iptables的链。
master主机操作，其他节点无需任何操作
//master主机上配置域名解析，让三台主机可以互通
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
#添加以下三行内容
192.168.164.141 master master.example.com
192.168.164.143 node1 node1.example.com
192.168.164.144 node2 node2.example.com
//master上配置流量传递
[root@master ~]# cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
> net.ipv4.ip.forward = 1
> EOF
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip.forward = 1
[root@master ~]# sysctl --system //让刚刚修改的配置生效
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/10-default-yama-scope.conf ...
kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 0
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-coredump.conf ...
kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-coredump %P %u %g %s %t %c %h %e
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-default.conf ...
kernel.sysrq = 16
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
kernel.kptr_restrict = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.promote_secondaries = 1
net.core.default_qdisc = fq_codel
fs.protected_hardlinks = 1
fs.protected_symlinks = 1
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-libkcapi-optmem_max.conf ...
net.core.optmem_max = 81920
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf ...
kernel.pid_max = 4194304
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf ...
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf ... //成功读取到新添加的配置文件
* Applying /etc/sysctl.conf ...
3、时间同步、免密登陆
时间同步是所有主机都要做的，这里就拿master为例。而免密登陆是在master上操作,node节点无需任何操作
[root@master ~]# yum clean all //清理缓存
21 文件已删除
[root@master ~]# yum makecache //建立新的缓存，这样速度快而且还不会出现问题
CentOS Stream 8 - AppStream 11 MB/s | 18 MB 00:01
CentOS Stream 8 - BaseOS 9.9 MB/s | 16 MB 00:01
CentOS Stream 8 - Extras 26 kB/s | 16 kB 00:00
Extra Packages for Enterprise 263 kB/s | 980 kB 00:03
Extra Packages for Enterprise 18 kB/s | 137 kB 00:07
Extra Packages for Enterprise 2.7 MB/s | 11 MB 00:04
元数据缓存已建立。
//安装chrony时间同步
[root@master ~]# yum -y install chrony
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install chrony
[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install chrony
//配置chrony、并设置开机自启
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).
pool time1.aliyun.com iburst
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now chronyd //开机自启
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service.
[root@master ~]# systemctl status chrony
chronyd.service chrony-wait.service
[root@master ~]# systemctl status chronyd
● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; e>
Active: active (running) since Fri 2021-12-17 20:44:11 CST>
Docs: man:chronyd(8)
man:chrony.conf(5)
Process: 84243 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/chrony-helper upd>
Process: 84239 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/chronyd $OPTIONS (code=e>
Main PID: 84241 (chronyd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 23484)
Memory: 2.1M
CGroup: /system.slice/chronyd.service
└─84241 /usr/sbin/chronyd
12月 17 20:44:11 master.example.com systemd[1]: Starting NTP >
12月 17 20:44:11 master.example.com chronyd[84241]: chronyd v>
12月 17 20:44:11 master.example.com chronyd[84241]: Using rig>
12月 17 20:44:11 master.example.com systemd[1]: Started NTP c>
12月 17 20:44:19 master.example.com chronyd[84241]: Selected >
12月 17 20:44:19 master.example.com chronyd[84241]: System cl>
//master上做免密登陆，做这一步前要确保可以在master上ping通每个node
[root@master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:wp5Ud+MXV0+ly3TI9V+jq/HV59YKc9kyJW2/RN7/Ojo root@master.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| *|
| . =+|
| . . o *.*|
| . . . o +.*+|
| + S ..=.=|
| o o .+*+|
| o .o.=+B|
| E+++*|
| ..+o*=|
+----[SHA256]-----+
//把master上密码传给所有人包括自己
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id master
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id node1
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id node2
准备工作完成后把所有的主机全部重启一遍
所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet
这一部分的操作是所有主机都要做的，同样是以master为例，如果有特殊配置会单独指出
Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker。
1、所有主机安装Docker（包括master），这里以master为例
//下载docker-ce的仓库源
[root@master ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
# 如果没有wget直接用yum下载即可 yum -y install wget
--2021-12-17 21:02:55-- https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/
linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
正在解析主机 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 119.96
.71.243, 119.96.71.242, 119.96.71.239, ...
正在连接 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|119.96.71.243
|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：2081 (2.0K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo”
/etc/yum.repos. 100%[=====>] 2.03K --.-KB/s 用时 0s
2021-12-17 21:02:55 (43.2 MB/s) - 已保存 “/etc/yum.repos.d/doc
ker-ce.repo” [2081/2081])
[root@master ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo docker-ce.repo epel-playground.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Stream-Media.repo epel-modular.repo epel.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo epel-next.repo epel-testing-modular.repo
CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo epel-next-testing.repo epel-testing.repo
//安装Docker
[root@master ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
//查看版本号
[root@master ~]# docker --version
Docker version 20.10.12, build e91ed57
[root@node1 ~]# docker --version
Docker version 20.10.12, build e91ed57
[root@node2 ~]# docker --version
Docker version 20.10.12, build e91ed57
//配置Docker的加速器
[root@master ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
> {
> "registry-mirrors": ["https://h8ln3iuy.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], //阿里云加速器的地址
> "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], //使用原生的systemctl控制
> "log-driver": "json-file", //日志的格式
> "log-opts": { //日志的参数
> "max-size": "100m" //日志单个文件最大100MB，如果超过100就会回滚，会自动再创建一个文件记录日志
> },
> "storage-driver": "overlay2" //存储的驱动
> }
> EOF
2、添加kubernetes（K8s工具）阿里云YUM软件源
添加阿里云的kubernetes，便于安装工具
kubernetes源的地址
所有主机都要操作
[root@master ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
3、安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
所有主机都要操作
[root@master ~]# yum install -y kubelet-1.20.0 kubeadm-1.20.0 kubectl-1.20.0
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable kubelet //值设置开机自启，但是不启动
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
[root@master ~]# reboot
4、部署Kubernetes Master
master主机上操作，其他主机不用；初始化一个集群
[root@master ~]# kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.164.141 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.20.0 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
# --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.164.141 //master主机的IP
# --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers //使用阿里云的谷歌镜像仓库，因为国内登陆不了谷歌官网
# --kubernetes-version v1.20.0 //kubernetes版本号
# --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 //service的网段
# --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 //pod的网段
//执行上面那个命令的拉取过程
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.20.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.12. Latest validated version: 19.03
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local master.example.com] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.164.141]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost master.example.com] and IPs [192.168.164.141 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost master.example.com] and IPs [192.168.164.141 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 15.510333 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.20" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master.example.com as control-plane by adding the labels "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''" and "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane='' (deprecated)"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master.example.com as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: jdrms8.yoqjpoeylkx9o25x
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
# 如果你想启用使用集群的话就要用下面的命令；如果是普通用户就执行下面的操作
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
# 如果你是管理员用户就执行下面的操作，但是我们一般不会这样操作。
# 因为这是临时的，我们需要做成永久生效的。下面会有教程
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
# 设置一个环境变量告诉系统使用的哪个配置文件
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
# 你需要设置一个pod网络到集群中，使用下面的命令
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
#下面的命令是用来在被控主机上执行的，在被控主机执行过会 这台主机就会被加入到集群中
# 所以一定要记住这个命令或者把这个命令保存到文件中或其他记得的地方
kubeadm join 192.168.164.141:6443 --token jdrms8.yoqjpoeylkx9o25x \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0200386756147a66bde1724467396fceba045de5bd845dc7f427d29732d44766
//查看拉取下来的镜像
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.20.0 10cc881966cf 12 months ago 118MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.20.0 3138b6e3d471 12 months ago 46.4MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.20.0 ca9843d3b545 12 months ago 122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.20.0 b9fa1895dcaa 12 months ago 116MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.4.13-0 0369cf4303ff 15 months ago 253MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.7.0 bfe3a36ebd25 18 months ago 45.2MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.2 80d28bedfe5d 22 months ago 683kB
//根据官方推荐的方式做管理员的操作 把环境变量写成永久的
[root@master kubernetes]# pwd
/etc/kubernetes
[root@master kubernetes]# echo 'export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf' > /etc/profile.d/k8s.sh
[root@master kubernetes]# source /etc/profile.d/k8s.sh
//查看是否有控制节点
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master.example.com(master主机) NotReady(没有准备好) control-plane,master 22m v1.20.0
5、安装Pod网络插件（CNI）
master主机操作其他主机不用做。这一步前要确保主机可以正常访问quay.io这个registery(仓库)，因为是从红帽官方quay.io拉取镜像
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
podsecuritypolicy.policy/psp.flannel.unprivileged created // created 创建完成，出现这个表示完成
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created //created 创建完成
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created //created 创建完成
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds created //created 创建完成
# 如果下载不下来或者很慢就先把文件下载到本地，然后指定文件路径即可
6、 加入Kubernetes Node
在初始化集群的时候会反馈很多的信息，其中最后一句话是最重要的，这句话是一个命令，是在node端执行的，表示将node主机添加到k8s集群中
到所有的节点上执行这个命令 node1和node2
//node1上执行此命令
[root@node1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.164.141:6443 --token jdrms8.yoqjpoeylkx9o25x \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0200386756147a66bde1724467396fceba045de5bd845dc7f427d29732d44766
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.12. Latest validated version: 19.03
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "node1.example.com" could not be reached
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "node1.example.com": lookup node1.example.com on 114.114.114.114:53: no such host
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
//node2上执行命令
[root@node2 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.164.141:6443 --token jdrms8.yoqjpoeylkx9o25x \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0200386756147a66bde1724467396fceba045de5bd845dc7f427d29732d44766
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.12. Latest validated version: 19.03
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "node2.example.com" could not be reached
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "node2.example.com": lookup node1.example.com on 114.114.114.114:53: no such host
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
//然后去master上查看受控节点的状态
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master.example.com Ready control-plane,master 39m v1.20.0
node1.example.com NotReady <none> 2m52s v1.20.0
node2.example.com NotReady <none> 78s v1.20.0
# 这个时候node1和node2是没有准备好的转态，这是正常的，因为后台还在拉取一些镜像，需要等待一会
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master.example.com Ready control-plane,master 43m v1.20.0
node1.example.com Ready <none> 6m44s v1.20.0
node2.example.com Ready <none> 5m10s v1.20.0
7、管理容器
master上操作
[root@master ~]# kubectl get ns //查看所有的名称空间类型
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 46m
kube-node-lease Active 46m
kube-public Active 46m
kube-system Active 46m //自动运行的容器都是属于这一类
//查看现有的容器状态
查看容器的状态的时候要指定名称空间
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
# pods：所有的容器； -n：指定名称空间
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-7f89b7bc75-b25b7 1/1 Running 0 49m
coredns-7f89b7bc75-fspzk 1/1 Running 0 49m
etcd-master.example.com 1/1 Running 0 50m
kube-apiserver-master.example.com 1/1 Running 0 50m
kube-controller-manager-master.example.com 1/1 Running 0 50m
kube-flannel-ds-dxgrv 1/1 Running 0 11m
kube-flannel-ds-px4zx 1/1 Running 0 20m
kube-flannel-ds-rlxs2 1/1 Running 0 13m
kube-proxy-dhw8n 1/1 Running 0 13m
kube-proxy-rbrtl 1/1 Running 0 49m
kube-proxy-zpr2t 1/1 Running 0 11m
kube-scheduler-master.example.com 1/1 Running 0 50m
//查看容器时在那个主机上运行、IP是多少
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
coredns-7f89b7bc75-b25b7 1/1 Running 0 51m 10.244.0.2 master.example.com <none> <none>
coredns-7f89b7bc75-fspzk 1/1 Running 0 51m 10.244.0.3 master.example.com <none> <none>
etcd-master.example.com 1/1 Running 0 51m 192.168.164.141 master.example.com <none> <none>
kube-apiserver-master.example.com 1/1 Running 0 51m 192.168.164.141 master.example.com <none> <none>
kube-controller-manager-master.example.com 1/1 Running 0 51m 192.168.164.141 master.example.com <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-dxgrv 1/1 Running 0 13m 192.168.164.144 node2.example.com <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-px4zx 1/1 Running 0 21m 192.168.164.141 master.example.com <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-rlxs2 1/1 Running 0 14m 192.168.164.143 node1.example.com <none> <none>
kube-proxy-dhw8n 1/1 Running 0 14m 192.168.164.143 node1.example.com <none> <none>
kube-proxy-rbrtl 1/1 Running 0 51m 192.168.164.141 master.example.com <none> <none>
kube-proxy-zpr2t 1/1 Running 0 13m 192.168.164.144 node2.example.com <none> <none>
kube-scheduler-master.example.com 1/1 Running 0 51m 192.168.164.141 master.example.com <none> <none>
8、测试kubernetes集群
在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：
[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
# 创建一个deployment类型的的容器 名字叫nginx 镜像使用nginx
//暴露端口号
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
service/nginx exposed
# 暴露deployment类型中的nginx 端口号为80 类型为节点端口
# 这里的暴露是service的端口号，而且他是有IP的。因为我们访问容器时访问的service的IP地址
//查看service的IP地址、端口号等
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 58m
nginx NodePort 10.106.17.133(serviceIP地址) <none> 80:31177/TCP 38s (暴露的是80端口)
//访问测试
[root@master ~]# curl http://10.106.17.133
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
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