云计算-使用Kubeadm在阿里云搭建单Master多Node的K8S

阿里云的机器搭建

• 进入阿里云选择云服务器 ECS

• 单击管理控制台

• 创建我的ECS

• 开始创建，然后选择按量付费，其他可以自行选择

机器环境配置

---

本次搭建三台机器，一台Master,两台Node,默认情况下是在三台机器上都操作，说明的是在一台master机器上操作,在阿里云上搭建的时候，ip使用阿里的私有ip,只有浏览器访问的时候使用外网IP

ip	节点	hostname
8.134.74.86 172.17.75.165	master	kubeadm001
8.134.83.65 172.17.75.163	node	kubeadm002
8.134.86.26 172.17.75.164	node	kubeadm003

安装个可能用到的基础包

 yum install -y openssh-clients  openssh-clients   ntpdate   yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 wget net-tools nfs-utils lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libxml2-devel openssl-devel curl curl-devel unzip sudo ntp libaio-devel wget vim ncurses-devel autoconf automake zlib-devel python-devel epel-release openssh-server socat ipvsadm conntrack ntpdate telnet ipvsadm 

修改主机hosts文件

修改每台机器的/etc/hosts文件，主要添加三行

172.17.75.162   kubeadm001  kubeadm001
172.17.75.160   kubeadm002  kubeadm002
172.17.75.161   kubeadm003  kubeadm003

主机间免密登录

主要是kubeadm001和其他机器之间的免密登录

• 输入ssh-keygen,任何一路回车，不输入任何密码

ssk-keygen

• 把本地生成的密钥文件拷贝到远程主机kubeadm002和kubeadm003上面

ssh-copy-id kubeadm002

ssh-copy-id kubeadm003

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgPUpvWd2RiaySHgqUsGMaoR5hbFGdp91pLuMcBCqYPDbOO8IQdEFSG7DQ/640?wx_fmt=png)

### 关闭交换区，提升性能  

swapoff -a

#### 为什么关闭交换区？

Swap是交换区，在机器内存不够的情况下，就会适应Swap，但是Swap的性能不是很好，K8S设计的时候为了提升性能，默认不允许使用Swap分区。Kubeadm初始化的时候会检测Swap是否关闭，如果没有关闭，初始化会失败。**如果不想关闭交换分区，安装k8s的时候可以指定-- ignore -preflight-errors=Swap**解决。

### 修改机器内核参数

modprobe br_netfilter

 echo "modprobe br_netfilter" >> /etc/profile 

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf 

```

### 关闭防火墙

```
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl status firewalld

```

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/6d2d094731fead0f967f7834f1c5e1cf.png)

如果你不习惯使用firewalld,可以安装`iptables`，在三台机器上做如下操作  

*   安装`iptables`基础包
    

```
yum install iptables-services -y

```

*   关闭`iptables`
    

```
service iptables stop && systemctl disable iptabl

```

*   清空防火墙规则
    

```
iptables -F

```

### 关闭selinux

使用`getenforce` 查看selinux是否关闭

```
[root@kubeadm003 ~]# getenforce 

```

**如果结果不是**Disabled,使用以下命令关闭selinux

```
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

```

**注**：修改selinux需要重启机器。

### 时间同步

把三台机器上的时间同网络时间进行同步

*   将机器时间同网络时间进行同步
    

```
ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

```

*   做一个定时任务将机器时间每小时和网络时间同步一次
    

```
crontab -e

```

*   添加定时任务
    

```
* */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

```

*   重启定时任务
    

```
systemctl start crond

```

### 开启ipvs

*   在`/etc/sysconfig/modules`目录下添加ipvs.modules文件内容如下
    

```
vi /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

#!/bin/bash
ipvs_modules=“ip_vs ip_vs_lc ip_vs_wlc ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_lblc ip_vs_lblcr ip_vs_dh ip_vs_sh ip_vs_nq ip_vs_sed ip_vs_ftp nf_conntrack”
for kernel_module in ${ipvs_modules}; do
/sbin/modinfo -F filename ${kernel_module} > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ 0 -eq 0 ]; then
/sbin/modprobe ${kernel_module}
fi
done

*   将`ipvs.modules`添加为可执行文件，并执行文件和查看执行情况
    

chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep ip_vs

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgPNTHMyuMfQggic8VK1vqTU56PZRmG8st0ib80HGglDybCVoz7t6kibKgtQ/640?wx_fmt=png)

#### 什么是ipvs  

ipvs(IP Virtual Server)实现的是传输层负载均衡，是Linux内核的一部分。ipvs运行在宿主机上，充当负载均衡器。

### 配置K8S组件需要的repo源

*   使用vi 添加/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
    

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo

文件内容如下

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

### 安装 docker 服务

#### 旧版本的卸载

在安装新的docker的时候，机器可能在以前安装过docker旧版本，我们需要将其进行卸载：

yum remove docker
docker-client
docker-client-latest
docker-common
docker-latest
docker-latest-logrotate
docker-logrotate
docker-engine

#### 镜像仓的设置

一般我们在国内的话使用国内的镜像仓，我一般使用阿里的镜像仓

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgPv7Tvibjq9SILpCnDrGoqpkrX8xHWhRFTwiaGibiaicGicXOanUg9e5c5RSBw/640?wx_fmt=png)

使用阿里国内源安装docker
yum-config-manager
–add-repo
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

sudo sed -i ‘s+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+’ /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

#### 更新并安装Docker-ce

docker-ce 社区版 , docker-ee企业版， 一般安装社区版，企业版需要授权

#更新并安装Docker-CE
sudo yum makecache fast
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

#### 启动安装并查看Docker状态

systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker && systemctl status docker

#### 配置 docker 镜像加速器和驱动

vi /etc/docker/daemon.json

*   本文添加了多个镜像加速器，包含阿里镜像加速器、163镜像加速器等加速器
    

{
“registry-mirrors”:[“https://b5b7g6yt.mirror.aliyuncs.com”,“https://registry.docker-cn.com”,“https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn”,“https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn”,“http://hub-mirror.c.163.com”,“http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com”,“https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.com”],
“exec-opts”: [“native.cgroupdriver=systemd”]
}

*   阿里云加速器每一个人的都不一样,添加如下
    

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgPhTEkD6Umg2c0ZDxf6CoHF1foZOlf5jgQqCicHCtDoXQuiapkG0bn6AJA/640?wx_fmt=png)

*   添加以后重启`docker`和`daemon-reload`
    

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl status docker

k8s安装
-----

### 安装初始化 k8s 需要的软件包

*   安装`kubelet`、`kubeadm`、`kubectl`
    

yum install -y kubelet-1.20.6 kubeadm-1.20.6 kubectl-1.20.6

*   将`kubelet`设置为开启自启动以及查看`kubelet`状态
    

systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl status kubelet

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgPK7GGkZm2H2gDOfw4AN7OBicaQsqODZ61vyYaUoYVBNhrcUJKtLJ8xtQ/640?wx_fmt=png)

现在看起来`kubelet`还不是`running`状态，现在这个状态是正常的，k8s正常启动启动以后，状态就正常了  

**注**：

*   `kubeadm`:`kubeadm`是一个工具,用于初始化k8s集群
    
*   `kubelet`：`kubelet`**需要安装在集群的所有结点，作用是启动Pod**
    
*   `kubectl`: `kubectl`可以部署和管理应用的工具
    

### 使用kubeadm初始化k8s集群

**这个操作只需要在master节点上操作就可以了**，本次搭建k8s的master内网节点是172.17.75.165

*   \--kubernetes-version=1.20.6   表示版本
    
*   \--apiserver-advertise-address=172.17.75.165  表示master节点在阿里云的内网IP
    
*   \--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers   指定镜像仓的地址
    

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.20.6 --apiserver-advertise-address=172.17.75.165 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification

kubeadm默认拉取镜像的地址是k8s.grc.io，但是在国内访问效果差，所以设置为国内的镜像仓效果会更好。

*   如下说明在master上安装成功
    

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgPJlqWJs1Iuf65bg53pbdqrpd63Vmr4TCOGQsKqiawDhz4GVHlzsMVx8A/640?wx_fmt=png)

*   配置kubectl的配置文件config就是上图标出的文件
    

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id-u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

*   配置好以后查看nodes
    

kubectl get nodes

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgPLfgvI3mhBaTRD9HRh6XmSj8qydicK3YSk9ic5EknhvmVuUEb1ZMaYzvg/640?wx_fmt=png)

*   使用`kubeadm token create`命令生成添加节点的指令
    

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

**生成的指令如下，每次生成可能都会不同**

kubeadm join 172.17.75.165:6443 --token vsnwiz.9tdg2hklcmx26gbb --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:03e79bdddf8a15be78cfefb717275fda128de570bec60a1a332719c94bedc5c6

**我们需要将上面的`kubeadm join`指令在kubeadm002和kubeadm003两台机器上运行**

*   再次查看nodes节点
    

kubectl get nodes

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgP2OU8BAicAbd8oymPwrY5gLAKz5eb2WtF4icFwdNlRdPhdibxMIFTRbTxw/640?wx_fmt=png)

我们发现新添加的node节点的**ROLES**是空的，也表示它是工作节点，但是我们可以将变成work  

kubectl label node kubeadm002 node-role.kubernetes.io/worker=worker
kubectl label node kubeadm003 node-role.kubernetes.io/worker=worker

然后再次查看结果变为

[root@kubeadm001 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
kubeadm001 NotReady control-plane,master 14m v1.20.6
kubeadm002 NotReady worker 5m48s v1.20.6
kubeadm003 NotReady worker 5m44s v1.20.6

**上面的STSTUS中的NotReady表示没有安装网卡插件**

### 安装k8s网络组件-Calico

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1QMAAh6iL-jbke\_lM0dZxBg 提取码：1234 编写一个`calico.yaml`，我将它上传到百度云盘，可以自行下载，也可以到https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml进行下载

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml

**需要等待一会**

*   查看kube-system环境下的集群状态
    

kubectl get pod -n kube-system

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgPdOevwCunnBgyjr8Saq1PWgNrPVuHSmvZo1fMu9Ow9WZNe5M4tVVuoQ/640?wx_fmt=png)

*   再次查看k8s的集群状态
    

kubectl get nodes

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgP7qYFYVmnZLaTbvPx5q25HJaobicdEwJ9B7GLmEX2hKFfHVnebRY8f2A/640?wx_fmt=png)

我们发现现在集群的STATUS的状态变成了**Ready**,说明集群已经正常运行  

#### 测试k8s创建pod是否可以正常访问网络

创建一个busybox容器,并进入到容器内部

kubectl run busybox --image busybox:1.28 --restart=Never --rm -it busybox – sh

然后在里面输入`ping www.baidu.com`

![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fx1lx9ichONYHbgEgzcY9eQIibX4ViaHQgPnQVxBIbhxH2nqpBHOZRRCBrCC0g8y2c8wvCc4CCiawiaPUW2A8EojErg/640?wx_fmt=png)

通过ping我们发现网络可以访问，说明Calico安装正常  

#### 测试coredns是否正常

还是上面的busybos容器,输入以下命令

nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

结果为以下，10.96.0.10就是我们coreDNS的clusterIP，说明coredns正常

Server: 10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name: kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
Address 1: 10.96.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

### k8s集群中安装tomcat服务

*   创建一个`tomcat.yaml`
    

vi tomcat.yaml

apiVersion: v1  #pod属于k8s核心组v1
kind: Pod  #创建的是一个Pod资源
metadata:  #元数据
  name: tomcat-pod  #pod名字
  namespace: default  #pod所属的名称空间
  labels:
    app: myapp  #pod具有的标签
    env: dev      #pod具有的标签
spec:
  containers:      #定义一个容器，容器是对象列表，下面可以有多个name
  - name:  tomcat-pod-test  #容器的名字
    ports:
    - containerPort: 8080
    image: tomcat:8.5-jre8-alpine   #容器使用的镜像
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

```

*   使用kubect部署tomcat
    

```
kubectl apply -f tomcat.yaml

```

*   查看pods
    

```
[root@kubeadm001 ~]# kubectl get pods

NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
tomcat-pod   1/1     Running   0          58s

```

*   创建tomcat的Service， `tomcat-service.yaml`
    

```
vi tomcat-service.yaml

```

内容如下

```
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: tomcat
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 8080
      nodePort: 30080
  selector:
    app: myapp
    env: dev

```

*   运行tomcat的`service`
    

```
kubectl apply -f tomcat-service.yaml

```

*   查看service的状态
    

```
kubectl get svc

```

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/0d159cba833c18f2fecce102bc3b7151.png)

在浏览器中http://8.134.58.124:30080/ （8.134.58.124表示master节点）  

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/d315d8cbcb743c762fc759291fe983b0.png)

安装k8s可视化UI界面dashboard  

------------------------

*   创建kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件
    

```
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta8
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

```

*   安装 kubernetes-dashboard
    

```
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

```

*   查看dashboard的pod状态(需要等待一点时间)
    

```
kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard

```

查看结果为如下，说明安装成功

```
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-778b77d469-r6cwm   1/1     Running   0          2m
kubernetes-dashboard-648b6964bf-gnbw4        1/1     Running   0          2m

```

*   查看dashboard的前端service
    

```
kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

```

结果为

```
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.97.73.249   <none>        8000/TCP   2m57s
kubernetes-dashboard        ClusterIP   10.106.69.73   <none>        443/TCP    2m57s

```

我们发现kubernetes-dashboard的TYPE状态ClusterIP,我们需要将其修改为**NodePort**状态,

```
kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

```

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/be765d85835ab50ed4d03dbe156ff330.png)

*   再次查看 kubernetes-dashboard的svc
    

```
[root@kubeadm001 ~]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.97.73.249   <none>        8000/TCP        7m31s
kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.106.69.73   <none>        443:31284/TCP   7m31s


```

查看到端口是31284,然后使用任何一个node:31284进行查看

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/ad734cc53397b69c6555f6f0c9c40990.png)

可看到出现了dashboard界面  

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/725a4af65589c45803bf8cb7d4c7fe74.png)

#### 通过token令牌访问dashboard  

*   创建管理员token，具有查看任何空间的权限，可以管理所有资源对象
    

```
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:kubernetes-dashboard

```

*   查看kubernetes-dashboard名称空间下的secret
    

```
kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard

```

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/490e6fd4763cef9abe0ad54424389499.png)

找到对应的带有oken的kubernetes-dashboard-token-66r22 ，**每次kubernetes-dashboard-token的name不同**  

```
kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-token-9mwrn  -n kubernetes-dashboard

```

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/dfb2c30de86f252df2d3f3cec0c45da4.png)

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5cfd7ddd30ffbee6731b88dca03480ca.png)

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/09778ff01d06dd8dbde189a5e132fc93.png)

#### 通过 kubernetes-dashboard 创建容器  

打开 kubernetes 的 dashboard 界面点开右上角红色箭头标注的 “+”，如下图所示：

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/f4cdecfd7b8f3b88813db1ed85af3175.png)

选择Create from form  

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a01f4ea6fa42d4ff63cd1881114fe134.png)

**在dashboard的左侧选择Services**  

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5c65099fe93fefd8775ac611941afd89.png)

**上图可看到刚才创建的nginx的service在宿主机映射的端口是32545，在浏览器访问：http://8.134.74.86:32545/**  

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b7a7df6775e08d84be33f2466634a59e.png)

**错误解决：**可能会出现dashboard打不开的情况，在谷歌浏览器，点击属性，在尾部添加\--disable-infobars --ignore-certificate-errors

![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/0ad2563dbe83bfa57cd46793bc7c9445.png)