K8s之DashBoard

一. 部署Dashboard

1. 介绍

• 在kubernetes中完成的所有操作都是通过命令行工具kubectl完成的。
• 为了提供更丰富的用户体验，k8s还开发了一个基于web的用户界面（Dashboard）。
• 用户可以使用Dashboard部署容器化的应用，还可以监控应用的状态，执行故障排查以及管理k8s中各种资源。

2. 下载yaml，并运行Dashboard

# 下载yaml
[root@k8s-master ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml


# 修改kubernetes-dashboard的Service类型
# 修改kubernetes-dashboard的Service类型
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort  # 新增
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001  # 新增
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

• 文件如下

[root@k8s-master ~]# cat dashboard.yml 
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
[root@k8s-master ~]# 

• 部署

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard.yml 
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
[root@k8s-master ~]# 


# 查看namespace下的kubernetes-dashboard下的资源
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-64bcc67c9c-7kg5r   1/1     Running   0          115s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-5c8bd6b59-4phrf         1/1     Running   0          115s

NAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.110.249.184   <none>        8000/TCP        115s
service/kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.97.68.225     <none>        443:30001/TCP   115s
[root@k8s-master ~]# 
  
  
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard -o wide
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP             NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
dashboard-metrics-scraper-64bcc67c9c-7kg5r   1/1     Running   0          5m31s   10.244.1.133   k8s-node1   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-dashboard-5c8bd6b59-4phrf         1/1     Running   0          5m31s   10.244.2.153   k8s-node2   <none>           <none>
[root@k8s-master ~]# 

3. 创建访问账户，获取token

创建服务帐户
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# cat user.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard


创建集群RoleBinding
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# cat ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# 
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl apply -f user.yml 
serviceaccount/admin created
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl apply -f ClusterRoleBinding 
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin created
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# 
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl get -f user.yml NAME    SECRETS   AGE
admin   0         26s
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl get -f ClusterRoleBinding NAME    ROLE                        AGE
admin   ClusterRole/cluster-admin   28s
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# 


# 创建账号token
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkNCaENTR3BMRlhEckRlWmduYXNZaXktUVdqbWNOYWNTbnRVSTU2Q3RxWXcifQ.eyJhdWQiOlsiaHR0cHM6Ly9rdWJlcm5ldGVzLmRlZmF1bHQuc3ZjLmNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwiXSwiZXhwIjoxNjYzNTk3MDAyLCJpYXQiOjE2NjM1OTM0MDIsImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8va3ViZXJuZXRlcy5kZWZhdWx0LnN2Yy5jbHVzdGVyLmxvY2FsIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pbyI6eyJuYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZCIsInNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Ijp7Im5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbiIsInVpZCI6IjI4YzZiNDhiLWY4MzEtNDYxNS1hNWIzLTc1MmVjYjZlYzIyZiJ9fSwibmJmIjoxNjYzNTkzNDAyLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZXJuZXRlcy1kYXNoYm9hcmQ6YWRtaW4ifQ.QKJ4k1mWtFMCvrb3pg85Rzor3IAK9Y968sVu_Wg9cJ8DW6cKIDi3thFdvFWC3OmDHQMtxPrBwMRoKvCWlKpQ_kn4EU1eQGTNQJjStz9_J2N-thdpd1tROG-SSkUENWt173ob4bR_PPpKsEjske-kgtQEkuFbaXsq9wVXOMwIaFLixfRu5MqcaVSjbjMZDp2TYSCiG2PCA0Wqh8iD3fto9k9xinL-wMSxc-QU-lT_LU3oYOXxWUOd-klYPEm6jhimlxbfRy4UWDeZh9U4P_Lg9kKjgD7gvFkm0ReUZBKZshN50bBC0jWFCbbuZ1tbOvHZps57gK7tEQIqpHcDkiJsfw
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# 



[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get serviceaccount -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                   SECRETS   AGE
dashboard-admin        0         5m20s
default                0         24m
kubernetes-dashboard   0         24m
[root@k8s-master ~]# 

删除用户 
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
serviceaccount "dashboard-admin" deleted
[root@k8s-master ~]# 
  
  
删除授权
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb 
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "dashboard-admin-rb" deleted
[root@k8s-master ~]#   

• 删除admin ServiceAccount和ClusterRoleBinding。

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard delete serviceaccount admin
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard delete clusterrolebinding admin

4. 通过浏览器访问Dashboard的UI

• 在登录页面上输入上面的token

• Kubernetes Dashboard

• 出现下面的页面代表成功

二. 使用DashBoard

1. 先创建一个pod查看

[root@k8s-master manifest]# cat httpd.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-pullimage
  namespace: dev
  labels:
    app: httpdlab
spec:
  nodeName: k8s-node2
  containers:
  - name: httpd
    image: httpd:latest
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
[root@k8s-master manifest]# 
[root@k8s-master manifest]# kubectl apply -f httpd.yml 
pod/pod-pullimage created
[root@k8s-master manifest]# kubectl get -f httpd.yml 
NAME            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod-pullimage   1/1     Running   0          2s
[root@k8s-master manifest]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.
[root@k8s-master manifest]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod-pullimage   1/1     Running   0          15s

• 右下角

• 删除

2. 创建deploy

• 点击高级选项

• 部署

[root@k8s-master manifest]# curl 10.104.120.92:8888
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@k8s-master manifest]# 

• 修改

• 访问

[root@k8s-master manifest]# curl 10.104.120.92:8888
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@k8s-master manifest]# kubectl get svc -n dev
NAME   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
web1   NodePort   10.104.120.92   <none>        8888:30514/TCP   11m
[root@k8s-master manifest]# 

• http://192.168.232.128:30514/