今天和大家分享一下在linux下挂载新硬盘的步骤。

演示的环境基于centos

 

[root@localhostetc]# uname -a

Linuxlocalhost.localdomain 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Dec 6 19:48:22 GMT 2011x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@localhostetc]# cat system-release

CentOS release 6.2(Final)

[root@localhostetc]# 

 

先挂载了一个3G的硬盘查看磁盘空间的情况

[root@localhostetc]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9GB, 42949672960 bytes

255 heads, 63sectors/track, 5221 cylinders

Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:0x0004daae

 

 

   DeviceBoot      Start         End     Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *          1          39     307200   83  Linux

Partition 1 does notend on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2             39        4998   39832576   83  Linux

/dev/sda3           4998        5222    1802240   82  Linux swap / Solaris

 

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes

255 heads, 63sectors/track, 391 cylinders

Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:0x00000000

 

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a validpartition table

 

划分磁盘分区，分为4个主分区，最后写入磁盘。

[root@localhostetc]# fdisk /dev/sdb

 

WARNING:DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

        switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

        sectors (command 'u').

 

 

Command (m forhelp): m

Command action

   a  toggle a bootable flag

   b  edit bsd disklabel

   c  toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d  delete a partition

   l  list known partition types

   m  print this menu

   n  add a new partition

   o  create a new empty DOS partition table

   p  print the partition table

   q  quit without saving changes

   s  create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t  change a partition's system id

   u  change display/entry units

   v  verify the partition table

   w  write table to disk and exit

   x  extra functionality (experts only)

 

Command (m forhelp): n

Command action

   e  extended

   p  primary partition (1-4)

p

Partitionnumber (1-4): 4

First cylinder(1-391, default 1): 1

Last cylinder,+cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-391, default 391): 100

 

 

Command (m forhelp): n

Command action

   e  extended

   p  primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number(1-4): 2

First cylinder(101-391, default 101): 101

Last cylinder,+cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (101-391, default 391): 200

 

 

Command (m forhelp): n

Command action

   e  extended

   p  primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number(1-4): 3

First cylinder(201-391, default 201): 201

Last cylinder,+cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (201-391, default 391): 300

 

 

Command (m forhelp): n

Command action

   e  extended

   p  primary partition (1-4)

p

Selected partition 1

First cylinder(301-391, default 301): 301

Last cylinder,+cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (301-391, default 391): 391

 

 

Command(m for help): w

The partition tablehas been altered!

 

 

Calling ioctl() tore-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@localhostetc]# fdisk -l

 

再次查看分区情况，

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221MB, 3221225472 bytes

255 heads, 63sectors/track, 391 cylinders

Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:0xe5f51a7b

 

 

   DeviceBoot      Start         End     Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1             301         391      730957+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2             101         200      803250   83  Linux

/dev/sdb3             201         300      803250   83  Linux

/dev/sdb4               1         100      803218+  83  Linux

 

Partition tableentries are not in disk order

 

我就格式化第一个分区，采用文件系统ext3.

 

[root@localhostetc]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.41.12(17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096(log=2)

Fragment size=4096(log=2)

Stride=0 blocks,Stripe width=0 blocks

45696 inodes, 182739blocks

9136 blocks (5.00%)reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystemblocks=188743680

6 block groups

32768 blocks pergroup, 32768 fragments per group

7616 inodes pergroup

Superblock backupsstored on blocks: 

       32768, 98304, 163840

 

 

Writing inodetables: done                           

Creating journal(4096 blocks): done

Writing superblocksand filesystem accounting information: done

 

 

This filesystem willbe automatically checked every 27 mounts or

180 days, whichevercomes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

 

创建一个临时目录，然后把分区挂载到这个目录下。

[root@localhost /]#mkdir test

 

[root@localhost /]#mount /dev/sdb1 /test

挂载后查看磁盘情况，就可以看到分区就在那了。

[root@localhost /]#df -h

Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2             38G   32G  4.3G  89% /

tmpfs                980M  288K  980M   1%/dev/shm

/dev/sda1            291M   32M  244M  12% /boot

/dev/sdb1             703M   17M  651M   3% /test

 

 

配置开机启动项

vi /etc/fstab 

LABEL=SWAP-sda2        swap                   swap    defaults       0 0

加入如下

/dev/sdb1              /test                   ext3    defaults       1 1

~                                                                           

5.   第5列为dump选项，设置是否让备份程序dump备份文件系统，0为忽略，1为备份。

6.   第6列为fsck选项，告诉fsck程序以什么顺序检查文件系统，0为忽略。