前言：

Kubernetes 部署 Dashboard 和 Metrics 插件的目的是为了增强集群的监控和管理能力，提供更好的用户体验和可视化操作界面。Dashboard插件提供了一个 Web 用户界面，用于查看和管理 Kubernetes 群的各种资源。可以查看节点、Pod、服务、命名空间等 Kubernetes 资源的状态和详细信息，允许用户执行一些基本的操作，如创建、删除、更新资源，查看事件等。提供了可视化的界面，使得用户可以更直观地监控和管理集群。Metrics插件通过收集集群的各种指标和性能数据，如 CPU、内存、网络等，来监控集群的状态和健康状况。允许用户查看集群的各种度量指标，并根据这些指标进行调整和优化集群的配置。可以与外部监控系统集成，如 Prometheus、Grafana 等，实现更高级的监控和告警功能。

一、 Dashboard的部署

官方文档：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/tree/master?tab=readme-ov-file

下载部署yaml文件（v2.7.0）

wget https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30010
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  type: NodePort

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
          #imagePullPolicy: Always
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

修改yaml文件：

修改Service添加nodePort:30010 类型为:NodePort

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30010
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  type: NodePort

1.1、部署Dashboard:

 kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

输出内容：

 namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
 //创建命名空间kubernetes-dashboard
 serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
 //创建了一个名为 kubernetes-dashboard 的服务账户
 service/kubernetes-dashboard created
 secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
 //创建了一个名为kubernetes-dashboard-certs的Secret，该Secret包含kubernetes-dashboard所需的证书
 secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
 //创建了一个名为 kubernetes-dashboard-csrf 的 Secret，用于存储kubernetes-dashboard的CSRFtoken
 secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
 //创建了一个名为kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder的 Secret，用于存储Kubernetes-dashboard的密钥
 configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
 role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
 //角色的定义，创建了在role中定义的一组权限规则，指定了kubernetes-dashboard可以执行操作
 clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
 //创建了一个名为kubernetes-dashboard 的 ClusterRole，用于定义Kubernetes-dashboard 的角色权限
 rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
 // Kubernetes中的RoleBinding资源。将角色绑定到了kubernetes-dashboard的ServiceAccount
 clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
 //Kubernetes中的ClusterRoleBinding资源集群角色绑定到了名为kubernetes-dashboard的ServiceAccount
 deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
 service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
 deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

1.2、打开Dashboard

在这里插入图片描述

  [root@master dashboard]# kubectl get svc,pod  -n kubernetes-dashboard  -o wide 
 NAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE   SELECTOR
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.99.192.27   <none>        8000/TCP        27m   k8s-app=dashboard-metrics-scraper
service/kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.99.37.104   <none>        443:30010/TCP   27m   k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard

NAME                                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-5657497c4c-fh7ld   1/1     Running   0          27m   10.244.2.15   node02   <none>           <none>
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-5b749d9495-p79rt        1/1     Running   0          27m   10.244.2.14   node02   <none>           <none>

可以看到端口30010运行在node2节点上，访问Dashboard：https://192.168.0.102:30010
注：如果是谷歌浏览器提示非安全链接，打开后输入 thisisunsafe(this is unsafe) 访问即可。

1.3、登录Dashboard

创建Token：

 kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token kubernetes-dashboard

集群角色绑定：

 kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubernetes-dashboard-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:kubernetes-dashboard

使用创建的token登录Dashboard

1.4、登录账户（yaml）

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1      #需要修改的地方
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: dashboard-admin
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

查看token:

 kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user

二、部署metrics插件

官方地址：https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
  name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - metrics.k8s.io
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/metrics
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server-auth-reader
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:metrics-server
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: https
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: https
  selector:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - --cert-dir=/tmp
        - --secure-port=10250
        - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
        - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
        - --metric-resolution=15s
        #image: registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.7.0
        image: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.7.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        livenessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /livez
            port: https
            scheme: HTTPS
          periodSeconds: 10
        name: metrics-server
        ports:
        - containerPort: 10250
          name: https
          protocol: TCP
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /readyz
            port: https
            scheme: HTTPS
          initialDelaySeconds: 20
          periodSeconds: 10
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 200Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            drop:
            - ALL
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 1000
          seccompProfile:
            type: RuntimeDefault
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-dir
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: metrics-server
      volumes:
      - emptyDir: {}
        name: tmp-dir
---
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: APIService
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
  group: metrics.k8s.io
  groupPriorityMinimum: 100
  insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
  service:
    name: metrics-server
    namespace: kube-system
  version: v1beta1
  versionPriority: 100

修改yaml文件

    #image: registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.7.0
    image: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.7.0

查看kubectl get pods -A | grep metrics查看运行的容器状态：

  kube-system            metrics-server-967758b55-7dj97               0/1     Running   0               2m31s

查看pod日志：

kubectl logs metrics-server-967758b55-7dj97 -n kube-system
如下报错：
E0316 07:22:27.714041       1 scraper.go:149] "Failed to scrape node" err="Get \"https://192.168.0.102:10250/metrics/resource\": tls: failed to verify certificate: x509: cannot validate certificate for 192.168.0.102 because it doesn't contain any IP SANs" node="node02"

修改metrics-server配置
kubectl edit deploy metrics-server -n kube-system
添加：- --kubelet-insecure-tls条目

   spec:
     containers:
     - args:
    - --cert-dir=/tmp
    - --secure-port=10250
    - --kubelet-insecure-tls
    - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
    - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
    - --metric-resolution=15s

测试top命令

[root@master dashboard]# kubectl top pods -n kube-system
NAME                              CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)   
coredns-6554b8b87f-5nfwt          3m           18Mi            
coredns-6554b8b87f-qpgkc          5m           19Mi            
etcd-master                       47m          96Mi            
kube-apiserver-master             105m         262Mi           
kube-controller-manager-master    57m          50Mi            
....
# kubernetes # 容器 # 运维
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