一、settings.gradle结构分析

项目根目录下的settings.gradle配置文件示例:

pluginManagement {

    /**
     * The pluginManagement.repositories block configures the
     * repositories Gradle uses to search or download the Gradle plugins and
     * their transitive dependencies. Gradle pre-configures support for remote
     * repositories such as JCenter, Maven Central, and Ivy. You can also use
     * local repositories or define your own remote repositories. The code below
     * defines the Gradle Plugin Portal, Google's Maven repository,
     * and the Maven Central Repository as the repositories Gradle should use to look for its
     * dependencies.
     */

    repositories {
        gradlePluginPortal()
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}
dependencyResolutionManagement {

    /**
     * The dependencyResolutionManagement.repositories
     * block is where you configure the repositories and dependencies used by
     * all modules in your project, such as libraries that you are using to
     * create your application. However, you should configure module-specific
     * dependencies in each module-level build.gradle file. For new projects,
     * Android Studio includes Google's Maven repository and the Maven Central
     * Repository by default, but it does not configure any dependencies (unless
     * you select a template that requires some).
     */

    repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()

        flatDir {
            dirs 'libs'
        }
    }


}

rootProject.name='TestAndroidProject'
include ':AliPay'
include ':app'

(1)pluginManagement配置块

  • 对每个项目和全局的配置。
  • pluginManagement{}块只能出现在两个设置中。 一个是settings.gradle文件,它必须是文件中的第一个代码块,顺序第一出现;另一个是Initialization Scripts,不在本文讨论内。
pluginManagement {

    plugins {  //插件配置

    
    }

    resolutionStrategy {//插件策略配置

    }

    repositories { //插件运行,依赖的仓库
        //按照配置顺序寻找

        gradlePluginPortal()
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        //本地仓库配置
        maven { url 'file://E:/libs/localMaven/' }
        //远程仓库+地址配置
        maven { url 'https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/' }
    }

}
  • 具体使用官方网址:Gradle-pluginManagement使用
  • pluginManagement 脚本块中的 repositories 配置 , 对应之前的 buildscript 中的 repositories 配置 

(2)dependencyResolutionManagement配置块

settings.gradle 中部分

//使用Catalog统一依赖版本 开启VERSION_CATALOG
enableFeaturePreview('VERSION_CATALOGS')

// 指定Gradle需要的用来搜索或下载【依赖dependency】的代码库
dependencyResolutionManagement {
    // 然而,为了配置一些模块特定的依赖,你需要在每一个模块的模块级build.gradle文件中进行配置说明
    repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
    repositories {
        // 以下是AS默认configure的repositories
        google()
        jcenter()
        mavenCentral()
    }


    //使用Catalog统一依赖版本
    versionCatalogs{
        libs {
            version('paging', '3.1.1')
            version('glide', '4.14.2')
            version('lifecycle', '2.4.1')
            version('appcompat', '1.4.1')
            alias('paging-runtime').to('androidx.paging', 'paging-runtime').versionRef('paging')
            alias('paging-guava').to('androidx.paging', 'paging-guava').versionRef('paging')
            alias('paging-rxjava2').to('androidx.paging', 'paging-rxjava2').versionRef('paging')
            alias('glide-v4').to('com.github.bumptech.glide', 'glide').versionRef('glide')
            alias('lifecycle-livedata').to('androidx.lifecycle', 'lifecycle-livedata-ktx').versionRef('lifecycle')
            alias('lifecycle-viewmodel').to('androidx.lifecycle', 'lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx').versionRef('lifecycle')
            alias('androidx-appcompat').to('androidx.appcompat', 'appcompat').versionRef('appcompat')

        }
    }
}

  • repositoriesMode 模式有两种 :

RepositoriesMode.PREFER_PROJECT : 解析依赖库时 , 优先使用本地仓库 , 本地仓库没有该依赖 , 则使用远程仓库 ;
RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS : 解析依赖库时 , 强行使用远程仓库 , 不管本地仓库有没有该依赖库 ;

  • dependencyResolutionManagement 脚本块中的 repositories 配置 , 对应之前的 allprojects 中的 repositories 配置 ;

参考文章1文章浏览阅读7.4k次,点赞52次,收藏45次。一、settings.gradle 构建脚本分析1、Maven 远程仓库配置2、目录配置3、完整代码示例二、根目录下 build.gradle 构建脚本分析_android settings.gradlehttps://blog.csdn.net/shulianghan/article/details/129802390

(3)settings.gradle对应Settings对象实例

settings.gradle 文件对应的gradle api中Settings对象实例,其api如下

Settings对象实例Api (Gradle API 8.4)icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://docs.gradle.org/current/javadoc/org/gradle/api/initialization/Settings.htmlsettings.gradle文件配置项,实际上及时调用该api中的方法和属性

二、build.gradle结构分析(根目录)

  • build.gradle是gradle构建脚本文件,支持java、groovy等语言。
  • 每个gradle项目或模块都会有一个build.gradle文件,该文件是项目构建的入口,可配置版本、插件依赖库等信息。
  • 每个build文件都有一个对应的project实例,配置build.gradle文件,实际就是设置project实例里面的属性,或者调用里面的方法。
  • 根项目的project实例可以获取到所有子项目或子模块的project实例,因此我们可以在根项目的build.gradle文件中对子项目进行统一配置,比如应用插件、依赖的maven中心仓库等,常见的build.gradle属性及方法如下所示

(1)项目根目录build.gradle

// 构建脚本
buildscript {
 
    // 定义全局变量,常用于版本管理
    // 变量在子模块的build.gradle中直接以: $NAME 的形式调用
    ext {
        compose_version = '1.0.1'
        lifecycleVersion = '2.3.1'
        kotlinVersion = '1.5.21'
        ktlintVersion = '0.41.0'
        coroutines = '1.5.0'
        moshi_version = '1.12.0'
    }
}
 
// 依赖URL
// 之前于settings.gradle定义的是整体的仓库位置,而这里可以视为定义具体的依赖位置
// plugins定义项目中所有模块共用的 Gradle 依赖项
// apply false 不可以用于子模块的build.gradle
plugins {
    id 'com.android.application' version '7.1.0-rc01' apply false
    id 'com.android.library' version '7.1.0-rc01' apply false
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' version '1.5.21' apply false
}
 
// 定义清理build目录的对应方法
task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

  • buildscript

需要注意的是:
1)、buildscript代码段必须是build.gradle文件的第一个代码段;
2)、对于多模块构建,项目的buildscript代码段声明的依赖关系可用于所有子模块的构建脚本;
3)、构建脚本的依赖可能是gradle插件

(2)子目录下build.gradle

// 子模块的plugins
// 请注意!这里就不可以定义apply false了
plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
    id 'dagger.hilt.android.plugin'
}
 
// 应用插件 Kapt
// 这是一款kotlin专用的依赖管理插件,推荐每个项目都添加!
apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'
 
// android
// 定义所有模块构建设置
android {
 
    // 定义编译SDK
    // 表示你的项目可以使用低于(或等于)该版本的所有API
    compileSdk 32
 
    // 定义默认配置
    defaultConfig {
        // 工件ID
        applicationId "com.example.character"
        // 最低可接受SDK版本
        minSdk 21
        // 最高可接受SDK版本
        targetSdk 32
        // 给开发者看的项目版本
        versionCode 1
        // 给客户看的项目版本
        versionName "1.0"
 
 
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        vectorDrawables {
            useSupportLibrary true
        }
    }
 
    // 定义构建类型
    // 默认的构建类型有两种:debug(构建时会默认打上debug签名) release(构建时默认不打任何签名)
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
 
    // 如果你用的是JDK8,那么请添加这个两个配置以提供支持
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
 
    // 构建特性
    buildFeatures {
        compose true
    }
    // compose设置
    composeOptions {
        kotlinCompilerExtensionVersion compose_version
    }
    // 资源文件配置
    packagingOptions {
        resources {
            excludes += '/META-INF/{AL2.0,LGPL2.1}'
        }
    }
}
 
// 在这里直接把你需要添加的依赖贴进去就好了
// 贴完后点sync即可
dependencies {
 
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'
    implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui:$compose_version"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material:material:$compose_version"
    implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling-preview:$compose_version"
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.3.1'
    implementation 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.3.1'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4:$compose_version"
    debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling:$compose_version"
    // dagger -hilt
    implementation "com.google.dagger:hilt-android:2.38.1"
    kapt "com.google.dagger:hilt-android-compiler:2.38.1"
    kapt "androidx.hilt:hilt-compiler:1.0.0"
 
    // Lifecycle components
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:$lifecycleVersion"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-compose:2.4.0"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata-ktx:$lifecycleVersion"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common-java8:$lifecycleVersion"
 
    // Kotlin components
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlinVersion"
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:$coroutines"
 
    // networking
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-moshi:2.9.0'
    implementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.0")
    implementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:4.9.0")
    implementation "com.squareup.moshi:moshi-kotlin:$moshi_version"
    kapt "com.squareup.moshi:moshi-kotlin-codegen:$moshi_version"
    // coil
    implementation("io.coil-kt:coil-compose:1.4.0")
}

三、settings和build组合搭配方式

(1)settings.gradle全局配置,根build.gradle不做配置

  • gradle.properties配置全局变量 

  • settings.gradle配置文件

pluginManagement {


    /**
     * The pluginManagement.repositories block configures the
     * repositories Gradle uses to search or download the Gradle plugins and
     * their transitive dependencies. Gradle pre-configures support for remote
     * repositories such as JCenter, Maven Central, and Ivy. You can also use
     * local repositories or define your own remote repositories. The code below
     * defines the Gradle Plugin Portal, Google's Maven repository,
     * and the Maven Central Repository as the repositories Gradle should use to look for its
     * dependencies.
     */

    repositories {
        gradlePluginPortal()
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
    resolutionStrategy {
    }

    plugins{
        //是用来构建 apk 的 gradle 插件
        id 'com.android.application' version '${agpVersion}' apply false
        //是用来构建 Android Library 的 gradle 插件 (jar, aar)
        id 'com.android.library' version '${agpVersion}' apply false
        // 一个Gradle插件,用于将所有依赖项比如lib文件下依赖的jar包和项目代码打包到单个Jar文件中  官方地址[https://plugins.gradle.org/plugin/com.github.johnrengelman.shadow#groovy-usage]
        id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' version "${agpShadow}" apply false
    }

}
dependencyResolutionManagement {

    /**
     * The dependencyResolutionManagement.repositories
     * block is where you configure the repositories and dependencies used by
     * all modules in your project, such as libraries that you are using to
     * create your application. However, you should configure module-specific
     * dependencies in each module-level build.gradle file. For new projects,
     * Android Studio includes Google's Maven repository and the Maven Central
     * Repository by default, but it does not configure any dependencies (unless
     * you select a template that requires some).
     */
    /** 
     * RepositoriesMode.PREFER_PROJECT : 解析依赖库时 , 优先使用本地仓库 , 本地仓库没有该依赖 , 则使用远程仓库 ;
     * RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS : 解析依赖库时 , 强行使用远程仓库 , 不管本地仓库有没有该依赖库 ;
     * */
    repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()

        flatDir {
            dirs 'libs'
        }
    }


}

rootProject.name='TestAndroidProject'
include ':AliPay'
include ':app'
  • 根目录build.gradle文件


plugins{
    //是用来构建 apk 的 gradle 插件
    id 'com.android.application' apply false
    //是用来构建 Android Library 的 gradle 插件 (jar, aar)
    id 'com.android.library' apply false
    // 一个Gradle插件,用于将所有依赖项比如lib文件下依赖的jar包和项目代码打包到单个Jar文件中  官方地址[https://plugins.gradle.org/plugin/com.github.johnrengelman.shadow#groovy-usage]
    id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' apply false
}



task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

(2)根build.gradle配置,setting.gradle仅配置基础

  • settings.gradle配置

rootProject.name='WiFiAndroidProject'
include ':DashboardView'
include ':BluetoothKitlibrary'
include ':niftydialogeffectslibrary'
include ':TwinklingRefreshLayout_library'
include ':AliPay'
include ':app'
  • build.gradle配置

//通常定义了项目中的模块使用的通用插件版本
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {
    repositories {
        gradlePluginPortal()
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        jcenter()
        maven { url 'https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/' }
//
    }
    dependencies {
        //配置gradle插件
        classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.1.0"
    }

}
allprojects {
    repositories {

        flatDir {
            dirs 'libs'
        }
        flatDir {
            dirs project(':AliPay').file('libs')
        }

        google()
        mavenCentral()
        maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
        maven { url 'https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/' }
    }
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

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