centos7通过kubeadm安装k8s1.27.1版本
注意：k8s1.24版本以后nodeport（使用宿主机端口）在node宿主机不会显示端口，如ss -lntup，直接浏览器nodeip加端口的方式访问给就可以。k8s官方表示1.24版本以上以不安装cir，这里需要手动安装。或者直接复制下面的配置文件。可以进行一个简单的测试。修改后重启服务器生效。
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1.准备机器
| 主机 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 10.0.0.120 | master节点，能连外网，官网最低要求2核2G |
| 10.0.0.121 | master节点，能连外网，官网最低要求2核2G |
| 10.0.0.123 | master节点，能连外网，官网最低要求2核2G |
2、服务器环境配置
2.1 关闭防火墙（所有节点）
关闭防火墙并设置开机不启动
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
2.3 关闭swap分区（所有节点）
修改后重启服务器生效
swapoff -a
vim /etc/fstab #永久禁用swap,删除或注释掉/etc/fstab里的swap设备的挂载命令即可
#/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
2.4 Centos7内核升级（所有节点）
CentOS 7.x 系统自带的 3.10.x 内核存在一些 Bugs，导致运行的 Docker、Kubernetes 不稳定,还有会造成kube-proxy不能转发流量
参考：https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/beta/article/2284588
2.5 设置主机名（所有节点）
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat /etc/hosts
10.0.0.120 k8s-master
10.0.0.121 k8s-node1
10.0.0.122 k8s-node2
2.6 时间同步（所有节点）
2.7配制iptables规则
iptables -F && iptables -X && iptables -F -t nat && iptables -X -t nat && iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
设置系统参数
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
3、安装docker（所有节点）
1.具体步骤可以参考阿里云源来安装docker-ce
# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# Step 2: 添加软件源信息
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# Step 3
sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
# Step 4: 更新并安装Docker-CE
sudo yum makecache fast
sudo yum -y install docker-ce
# Step 4: 开启Docker服务
sudo service docker start
2.配制镜像加速和cgroup
#没有则自己创建文件
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://zd6lf0p4.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
#"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]为docker使用cgroup的方式，k8s使用方式也是systemd，两边要一致
#加载配制
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker
4、安装cri-dockerd（所有节点）
k8s官方表示1.24版本以上以不安装cir，这里需要手动安装
#从https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases中下载最新的rpm包,手动下载后上传到服务器里
rpm -ivh cri-dockerd-0.3.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
#修改/usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service文件中的ExecStart配置
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now cri-docker
5.yum安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl（所有节点）
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config
#查看kubeadm有什么版本
yum list --showduplicates | grep kubeadm
#不指定版本默认为最新版本，当前最新版本为1.27.1
sudo yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet
6.初始化master节点的控制面板（master节点）
# kubeadm init --help可以查看命令的具体参数用法
#在master节点执行初始化（node节点不用执行）
#apiserver-advertise-address 指定apiserver的IP，即master节点的IP
#image-repository 设置镜像仓库为国内的阿里云镜像仓库
#kubernetes-version 设置k8s的版本，跟步骤三的kubeadm版本一致
#service-cidr 这是设置node节点的网络的，暂时这样设置
#pod-network-cidr 这是设置node节点的网络的，暂时这样设置
#cri-socket 设置cri使用cri-dockerd
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.0.120 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.27.1 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock \
--ignore-preflight-errors=all
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 10.0.0.120:6443 --token 4eozgp.xm7tfip7tigsz42y \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:66bfe627596368ef3facd6840c98ac68cbc927e86789a9e4e8183365ded688a1
提示以上信息证明你初始化成功
注意：官方给的go编译安装cri-dockerd方式不知道怎么回事，也许是我操作错误，初始化一直失败，总是提示我kubelet起不来，还有curl端口10248不通，有大佬遇到这个问题解决了麻烦告诉一下，感谢
上述错误curl被拒绝可能是上面iptables没有设置的原因根据最后的提示执行命令，直接复制粘贴即可root@k8s-master ~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
root@k8s-master ~# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
root@k8s-master ~# sudo chown ( i d − u ) : (id -u): (id−u):(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
root@k8s-master ~# export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
#还是根据上面的提示来添加节点，下面的命令是在你要加入的节点上执行，master节点不用执行
kubeadm join 10.0.0.120:6443 --token 4eozgp.xm7tfip7tigsz42y \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:66bfe627596368ef3facd6840c98ac68cbc927e86789a9e4e8183365ded688a1 \
--cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
#在master节点检查
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master NotReady control-plane 16h v1.27.1
k8s-node1 NotReady <none> 15h v1.27.1
k8s-node2 NotReady <none> 15h v1.27.1
添加自动补全功能
yum install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
7.安装网络插件（flannel）
或者直接复制下面的配置文件
#记得更改network地址，是初始化时的pod地址范围
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
name: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- clustercidrs
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16", #更改为初始化pod的地址范围
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
labels:
app: flannel
k8s-app: flannel
tier: node
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
labels:
app: flannel
k8s-app: flannel
tier: node
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
k8s-app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: flannel
k8s-app: flannel
tier: node
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
containers:
- args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
value: "5000"
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.21.5
name: kube-flannel
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 50Mi
securityContext:
capabilities:
add:
- NET_ADMIN
- NET_RAW
privileged: false
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /run/flannel
name: run
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
name: xtables-lock
hostNetwork: true
initContainers:
- args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
command:
- cp
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2
name: install-cni-plugin
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
name: cni-plugin
- args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
command:
- cp
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.21.5
name: install-cni
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
name: cni
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
name: flannel-cfg
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
serviceAccountName: flannel
tolerations:
- effect: NoSchedule
operator: Exists
volumes:
- hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
name: run
- hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
name: cni-plugin
- hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
name: cni
- configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
name: flannel-cfg
- hostPath:
path: /run/xtables.lock
type: FileOrCreate
name: xtables-lock
[root@k8s-master /data/flannel]# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-bc69g 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-pcw4b 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-qqdp5 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-system coredns-7bdc4cb885-r8krv 1/1 Running 0 16h
kube-system coredns-7bdc4cb885-vtp4q 1/1 Running 0 16h
kube-system etcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 17h
kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 17h
kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 17h
kube-system kube-proxy-btbk8 1/1 Running 0 16h
kube-system kube-proxy-jjhpm 1/1 Running 0 16h
kube-system kube-proxy-x4cxd 1/1 Running 0 16h
kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 17h
#检查节点
#status为ready就表示集群可以正常运行了
[root@k8s-master /data/flannel]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready control-plane 17h v1.27.1
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 16h v1.27.1
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 16h v1.27.1
测试
可以进行一个简单的测试
[root@k8s-master /data/yaml]# cat nginx.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deploy
labels:
app: ceshi
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
school: qinghua
template:
metadata:
name: nginx-pod
labels:
school: qinghua
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-web
image: nginx:1.20.2
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-service
labels:
role: leader
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 8888
targetPort: 80
nodePort: 30000
selector:
school: qinghua
kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
[root@k8s-master /data/yaml]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-deploy-6659dbd7c4-kldxj 1/1 Running 0 79m
nginx-deploy-6659dbd7c4-qgr4v 1/1 Running 0 79m
nginx-deploy-6659dbd7c4-tkmcs 1/1 Running 0 79m
这里由于是第一次下载镜像会很慢，等一段时间running就代表完成了
#查看service状态
Endpoint有ip应该就没问题了
[root@k8s-master /data/yaml]# kubectl describe svc nginx-service
Name: nginx-service
Namespace: default
Labels: role=leader
Annotations: <none>
Selector: school=qinghua
Type: NodePort
IP Family Policy: SingleStack
IP Families: IPv4
IP: 10.103.245.219
IPs: 10.103.245.219
Port: <unset> 8888/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
NodePort: <unset> 30000/TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.1.12:80,10.244.1.13:80,10.244.2.11:80
Session Affinity: None
External Traffic Policy: Cluster
Events: <none>
注意：k8s1.24版本以后nodeport（使用宿主机端口）在node宿主机不会显示端口，如ss -lntup，直接浏览器nodeip加端口的方式访问给就可以
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