docker-14-容器化安装Linux并查看系统版本
容器化安装linux
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如何查看Linux系统版本?
Debian 11 (bullseye) 国内软件源
1 准备环境
一、拉取镜像
docker pull python:3.6
docker pull python:3.8
docker pull ubuntu:20.04
docker pull centos:7
二、进入容器
# 以交互式方式进入容器
docker run -it python:3.6 /bin/bash
docker run -it ubuntu:20.04 /bin/bash
2 查看Linux系统版本
2.1 查看Linux内核版本的命令
2.1.1 cat /proc/version
此命令可以查看正在运行的内核版本信息。/proc目录存储的是当前内核运行状态的一系列特殊文件,包括:内存,CPU内核,已安装文件系统等信息。
#cat /proc/version
输出如下:
Linux version 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
(mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org)
(gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) )
#1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020
2.1.2 uname -a
此命令可以查看电脑以及操作系统内核的相关信息。uname命令用于查看多个系统信息,包括 Linux 内核体系结构,名称版本和发行版。
#uname -a
输出如下:
Linux 30a0811d9ae8 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
#1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020 x86_64 GNU/Linux
2.2 查看Linux系统发行版本的命令
2.2.1 cat /etc/issue
此命令也可以用于查看Linux系统版本信息,但是显示的结果较为简略,只有系统名称和对应版本号。
该命令也适用于所有的 Linux 发行版。
# cat /etc/issue
输出如下:
Debian GNU/Linux 11 \n \l
2.2.2 lsb_release -a
此命令用于查看当前 Linux 系统的完整的版本信息,包括Linux系统的名称和对应的版本号,以及该版本的代号。例如在Debian 8中将会显示代号jessie。
该命令适用于所有 Linux 发行版,包括:Debian、Ubuntu、CentOS 等。
apt-get update -y
apt-get install lsb-release
# lsb_release -a
输出如下:
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
Release: 11
Codename: bullseye
LSB 是 Linux Standard Base 的缩写,lsb_release用于显示有关 LSB 和特定版本的信息的命令。
2.3 Linux系统代号
Centos 7
Centos 8
Debian 8 Jessie
Debian 9 stretch
Debian 10 Buster
Debian 11 Bullseye
Debian 12 Bookworm
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr
3 镜像对应的系统版本
(1)内核版本
与宿主机保持一致
# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
(mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org)
(gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) )
(2)系统版本
镜像python:3.6 系统版本Debian 11 Bullseye
镜像python:3.8 系统版本Debian 11 Bullseye
镜像ubuntu:20.04 系统版本Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa
镜像centos:7 系统版本CentOS 7.9.2009
3.1 Debian 11
更新源/etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
本地文件复制到容器
docker cp ./sources.list b80d8de1e511:/etc/apt
apt update
(1)查看内核版本
# uname -a
Linux b80d8de1e511 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
#1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
(mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org)
(gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) )
#1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020
(2)查看系统版本
apt-get install lsb-release -y
lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
Release: 11
Codename: bullseye
3.2 Ubuntu 20.04
更新源/etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
本地文件复制到容器
docker cp ./sources.list b80d8de1e511:/etc/apt
apt update
(1)查看内核版本
# uname -a
Linux b80d8de1e511 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
#1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
(mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org)
(gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) )
#1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020
(2)查看系统版本
apt-get install lsb-release -y
lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
3.3 Centos 7
(1)查看内核版本
# uname -a
Linux ba0d775ac1d4 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
#1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
(mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org)
(gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) )
#1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020
(2)查看系统版本
yum install redhat-lsb -y
lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64
:core-4.1-noarch:
cxx-4.1-amd64:
cxx-4.1-noarch:
desktop-4.1-amd64:
desktop-4.1-noarch:
languages-4.1-amd64:
languages-4.1-noarch:
printing-4.1-amd64:
printing-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
Release: 7.9.2009
Codename: Core
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