笔记 K8S 环境搭建 kubeadm 与二进制方式(初学)
Etcd是一个分布式键值存储系统,kubernetes使用etcd进行数据存储,需要首先准备一个ETCD数据库,为解决etcd单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,这里使用3台组件集群,可容忍1台机器故障,当然,也可以使用5台组建集群,可容忍2台机器故障。* 部署master组件:kube-apiserver,kube-controller-mamanger,kube-scheduler,etcd。总体过
K8s 概述
K8s 是谷歌在2014年开源的容器化集群管理系统
使用k8s 进行容器化应用部署
使用k8s 利于应用扩展
K8s目标实施让部署容器化应用更加简洁和高效
K8s功能
自动装箱
基于容器对应用运行环境的资源配置要求自动部署应用容器
自我修复(自愈能力)
当容器失败时,会对容器进行重启
当所部署的node节点有问题时,会对容器进行重新部署和重新调度
当容器未通过监控检查时,会关闭此容器直到容器正常运行时,才会对外提供服务
水平扩展
通过简单的命令、用户UI界面或基于CPU等资源使用情况,对应用容器进行规模扩大或规模裁减
服务发现
用户不需要使用额外的服务发现机制,就能够基于kubernetes自身能力实现服务发现和负载均衡
滚动更新
可以根据应用的变化,对应用容器运行的应用,进行一次性或批量式更新
版本回退
可以根据应用部署情况,对应用容器运行的应用,进行历史版本即时回退
密钥和配置管理
在不需要重新构建镜像的情况下,可以部署和更新密钥和应用配置,类似热部署
存储编排
自动实现存储系统挂在及应用,特别对有状态应用实现数据持久化非常重要。存储系统可以来自于本地目录、网络存储(NFS、Gluster、Ceph)等、公共云存储服务。
批处理
提供一次性任务、定时任务,满足批量数据处理和分析场景
K8s集群架构组件
Master node(主控节点)和worker node(工作节点)
Master Node组件
API server
集群统一入口,以restful方式,交给etcd存储
Scheduler
节点调度,选择node节点进行应用部署
Controller-manager
处理集群中常规后台任务,一个资源对应一个控制器
ETCD
理解为一种存储系统,用于保存集群相关的数据
Work node组件
Kubelet
Master 派到node节点的代表,管理本机容器
Kube-proxy
提供网络代理,负载均衡等操作
4.K8s核心概念
1) pod
K8s中最小部署单元,一组容器的集合。一个Pod中的容器是共享网络;生命周期短暂,服务器重启后,原来的pod就不存在了。
2)Controller
确保预期的pod副本数量
无状态应用部署
有状态应用部署(例如依赖存储,网络IP唯一,有特定条件才可使用)
确保所有的node都运行统一个pod
一次性任务和定时任务
3)Service
定义一组pod的访问规则
总体过程:通过service统一入口进行访问,由controller创建pod进行部署,一个pod是一组容器的集合
5 搭建k8s环境
5.1 搭建k8s环境平台规划
5.1.1 单Master集群
5.1.2 多Master集群
5.2 服务硬件配置要求
5.2.1 测试环境
Master :2核cpu,4g内存 20G硬盘
Node:4核 8G内存 硬盘40G
5.2.2 生产环境
Master:8核 8G内存
Node:16核 16G 内存
5.2.3 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
5.2.4可以访问外网,需要拉取镜像
5.2.4 禁止swap分区
如果不禁止,搭建集群会报错,禁用方法如下:
5.2.5 一台或多台机器,操作系统 centos7.x-86_x64
5.3 搭建k8s集群部署方式
部署kubernetes集群主要两种方式:
Kubeadm
Kubeadm是一个k8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署kubernetes集群。Kubeadm是官方那个社区推出的一个用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具,这个工具能够通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署:
创建一个Master节点 kubeadm init
将node节点加入到当前集群中 $kubeadm join <Master 节点的IP和端口>
官方地址:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/
二进制包
从github下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组建,组成kubernetes集群
Kubeadm降低部署门槛,但屏蔽了很多细节,遇到问题很难排查。如果想更容易可控,推荐使用二进制包部署kubernetes集群,虽然动手部署麻烦,其间可以学到很多工作原理,也利于后期维护。
5.4 kubeadm部署步骤
5.4.1 关闭防火墙?生产不能关防火墙
5.4.2 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config #永久关闭,需要重启系统
setenforce 0 # 临时关闭
5.4.3 关闭swap分区
$ swapoff -a # 临时
$ sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
5.4.4 根据规划设置主机名
$ hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
5.4.5 在master添加hosts
$ cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.1.120 master
192.168.1.121 node1
192.168.1.122 node2
EOF
5.4.6 每台服务器都设置将桥接的ipv4流量传递到iptables的链
$ cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
EOF
$ sysctl --system #生效
5.4.7 时间同步
$ yum install ntpdate –y
$ ntpdate time.windows.com
5.5 所有节点安装docker/kubeadm/kubelet
Kubernetes默认CRI(容器运行时)为docker, 因此需要先安装docker
5.5.1所有节点安装docker
官网:https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/
卸载旧版本docker
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
设置yum源
$ yum install -y yum-utils
$ yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
$ yum -y install docker-ce-17.09.0.ce
$ systemctl start docker
$ systemctl enable docker
$ docker –version
设置镜像加速
$ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://azmefg7j.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
* 重新启动docker
systemctl restart docker
4.5.2 所有节点添加阿里云YUM软件源
$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
5.5.3 所有节点安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
由于版本更新频繁,指定版本号部署
$ yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0
$ systemctl enable kubelet
5.6 部署kubernetes Master
4.6.1 在master上执行
$ kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.120 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.18.0 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io 国内无法访问,这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。
5.6.2 使用kubectl 工具:
1) 上述 kubeadm init初始化完成后,会有如下提示,在master中执行提示中的命令
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
使用kubectl get nodes 命令查看节点状态
在master防火墙开通端口:6443
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=6443/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
2) 在各work node中执行master提示中的下面命令
kubeadm join 192.168.1.120:6443 --token m7wt1b.bp7ady60ad6eoeky \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f55a0ec36535ebefe2251e8709dc79898d9fbeff83e7cb9a7e81b7cb0e1dd361
默认token有效期为24小时,当过期后,该token就不可用了,这时需要重新创建token,操作如下:
$ kubeadm token create -print-join-command
5.7 安装pod网络插件(CNI)
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
由于raw.githubusercontent.com 是国外地址,域名无法解析,打开浏览器访问https://site.ip138.com/ 网站,输入域名解析成ip地址,填写到/etc/hosts文件中,重新执行上述命令就可以了。
例如:
使用命令查看pod运行状况
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
如下图所示,代表启动完成。
以上就是基于kubeadm搭建完成。
5.8 测试kubernetes集群
在kubernetes集群中创建一个pod,验证是否正常运行
$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
使用kubectl get pod 查看创建状态,状态为running时创建完成
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
$ kubectl get pod,svc
访问地址:http://NodeIP:Port
6.使用二进制方式搭建集群
部署步骤简要说明:
* 创建多台虚拟机,安装linux操作系统
* 操作系统初始化
* 为etcd和apiserver自签证书
* 部署etcd集群
* 部署master组件:kube-apiserver,kube-controller-mamanger,kube-scheduler,etcd
* 部署node组件:kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd
* 部署集群网络
6.1 安装要求和kubeadm一样
6.2 环境准备
6.2.1 软件环境
操作系统: centos7.1
Docker: 19-ce
Kubernetes 1.19
6.2.2 硬件环境
角色 | IP | 组件 |
Master | 192.168.1.123 | Kube-apiserver,kube-controler-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd |
Node1 | 192.168.1.124 | Kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
Node2 | 192.168.1.125 | Kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
6.3 部署etcd集群
Etcd是一个分布式键值存储系统,kubernetes使用etcd进行数据存储,需要首先准备一个ETCD数据库,为解决etcd单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,这里使用3台组件集群,可容忍1台机器故障,当然,也可以使用5台组建集群,可容忍2台机器故障
节点名称 | IP |
Etcd-1 | 192.168.1.123 |
Etcd-2 | 192.168.1.124 |
Etcd-3 | 192.168.1.125 |
注意:为了节省机器,这里与k8s节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署,只要apiserver能连接到就行
6.4 准备cfssl证书生成工具,为etcd和apiserver自签
Cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用json文件生成证书,相比openssl更方便使用,找任意一台服务器操作,这里使用master节点
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
6.5 生成Etcd证书
(1) 自签证书颁发机构(CA)
创建工作目录
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd TLS/etcd
自签CA:
cat > ca-config.json<< EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书:
$ cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
$ ls *pem
(2)使用自签CA 签发Etcd HTTPS 证书
创建证书申请文件:
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.1.123",
"192.168.1.124",
"192.168.1.125"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
注:上述文件hosts 字段中IP 为所有etcd 节点的集群内部通信IP,一个都不能少!为了
方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
生成证书:
$ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
$ ls server*pem
6.6 部署Etcd集群
从Github 下载二进制文件
下载地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-
linux-amd64.tar.gz
以下在节点1 上操作,为简化操作,待会将节点1 生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2 和节点3.
(1)创建工作目录并解压二进制包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} –p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
(2)创建etcd 配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.123:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.123:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.123:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.123:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.1.123:2380,etcd-
2=https://192.168.1.124:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.1.125:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new 是新集群,existing 表示加入
已有集群
(3)systemd 管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
(4)拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
(5)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
(6)将上面节点1 所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2 和节点3
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.31.72:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
root@192.168.31.72:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.31.73:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.servicei
root@192.168.31.73:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
然后在节点2 和节点3 分别修改etcd.conf 配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP:
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处,节点2 改为etcd-2,节点3 改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前
服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器
IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-
2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
最后启动etcd 并设置开机启动,同上。
(7)查看集群状态
$ ETCDCTL_API=3
$ /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.1.123:2379,https://192.168.1.124:2379,https://192.168.1.125:2379" endpoint health
控制台输出
https://192.168.1.123:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 20.394306ms
https://192.168.1.124:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 27.749974ms
https://192.168.1.125:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 29.298205ms
如果输出上面信息,就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志:
/var/log/message 或journalctl -u etcd
7、部署Master Node
7.1 生成kube-apiserver 证书
(1)自签证书颁发机构(CA)
$ cat > ca-config.json<< EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
$ cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
(2)生成证书:
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
(3)使用自签CA 签发kube-apiserver HTTPS 证书
创建证书申请文件:
cd TLS/k8s
cat > server-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.1.123",
"192.168.1.124",
"192.168.1.125",
"192.168.1.126",
"192.168.1.127",
"192.168.1.128",
"192.168.1.129",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书:
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
7.2 从Github 下载二进制文件
下载地址:
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-
1.18.md#v1183
注:打开链接你会发现里面有很多包,下载一个server 包就够了,包含了Master 和
Worker Node 二进制文件。
6.3 解压二进制包
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
6.4 部署kube-apiserver
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.1.123:2379,https://192.168.1.124:2379,https://192.168.1.125:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.1.123 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.1.123 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
注:上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符,第二个是换行符,使用转义符是为了使用EOF 保留换
行符。
–logtostderr:启用日志
—v:日志等级
–log-dir:日志目录
–etcd-servers:etcd 集群地址
–bind-address:监听地址
–secure-port:https 安全端口
–advertise-address:集群通告地址
–allow-privileged:启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range:Service 虚拟IP 地址段
–enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块
–authorization-mode:认证授权,启用RBAC 授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用TLS bootstrap 机制
–token-auth-file:bootstrap token 文件
–service-node-port-range:Service nodeport 类型默认分配端口范围
–kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver 访问kubelet 客户端证书
–tls-xxx-file:apiserver https 证书
–etcd-xxxfile:连接Etcd 集群证书
–audit-log-xxx:审计日志
2. 拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
3. 启用TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver 启用TLS 认证后,Node 节点kubelet 和kubeproxy
要与kube-apiserver 进行通信,必须使用CA 签发的有效证书才可以,当Node
节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了
简化流程,Kubernetes 引入了TLS bootstraping 机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet
会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver 申请证书,kubelet 的证书由apiserver 动态签署。
所以强烈建议在Node 上使用这种方式,目前主要用于kubelet,kube-proxy 还是由我
们统一颁发一个证书。
TLS bootstraping 工作流程:
创建上述配置文件中token 文件:
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
格式:token,用户名,UID,用户组
token 也可自行生成替换:
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
4. systemd 管理apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
开通8080端口
6. 授权kubelet-bootstrap 用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
7.5 部署kube-controller-manager
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
–master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080 连接apiserver。
–leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
–cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file:自动为kubelet 颁发证书的CA,与apiserver 保持一致
2. systemd 管理controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
6.6 部署kube-scheduler
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
–master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080 连接apiserver。
–leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
2. systemd 管理scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
4. 查看集群状态
所有组件都已经启动成功,通过kubectl 工具查看当前集群组件状态:
kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
如上输出说明Master 节点组件运行正常。
快速添加自启动命令:
$ for i in $(ls /opt/kubernetes/bin);do systemctl enable $i;done
8、部署Worker Node
下面还是在Master Node 上操作,即同时作为Worker Node
8.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
在所有worker node 创建工作目录:
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
从master 节点拷贝:
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin # 本地拷贝
8.2 部署kubelet
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=master \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=wangbaozhong/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
–hostname-override:显示名称,集群中唯一
–network-plugin:启用CNI
–kubeconfig:空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接apiserver
–bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向apiserver 申请证书
–config:配置参数文件
–cert-dir:kubelet 证书生成目录
–pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod 网络容器的镜像
2. 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
开通端口10250,10255
3. 生成bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件
$ KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.1.123:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
$ TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与token.csv 里保持一致
# 生成kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
$ kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
$ kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
$ kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件路径:
cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg
4. systemd 管理kubelet
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
8.3 批准kubelet 证书申请并加入集群
# 查看kubelet 证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME
REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A 6m3s
kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--
K6M4G7bjhk8A
# 查看节点
kubectl get node
注:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪NotReady
8.4 部署kube-proxy
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
2. 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: node1
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
mode: ipvs
ipvs:
scheduler: "rr"
iptables:
masqueradeAll: true
EOF
mode: ipvs ---模式,使用ipvs(性能比较好),默认是IPtables
开通10249端口
3. 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件
生成kube-proxy 证书:
# 切换工作目录
cd TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
cp kube-proxy*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
scp ca.pem kube-proxy*pem 192.168.9.32:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ ---只拷贝这3个即可
生成kubeconfig 文件:
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.1.123:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件指定路径:
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
4. systemd 管理kube-proxy
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
8.5 部署CNI 网络
先准备好CNI 二进制文件:
下载地址:
解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录:
mkdir /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
部署CNI 网络:
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kubeflannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#wangbaozhong/flannel:v0.12.0-
amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
生成kube-flannel.yml
$ cat > kube-flannel.yml << EOF
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unsed in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"cniVersion": "0.2.0",
"name": "cbr0",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16", ---这个网络要与kube-controller-manager.conf的cluster-cidr的一致
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: wangbaozhong/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: wangbaozhong/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
默认镜像地址无法访问,修改为docker hub 镜像仓库。
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
kubectl get node
部署好网络插件,Node 准备就绪。
8.6 授权apiserver 访问kubelet
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml<< EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
7.7 新增加Worker Node
1. 拷贝已部署好的Node 相关文件到新节点
在master 节点将Worker Node 涉及文件拷贝到新节点192.168.31.72/73
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.31.72:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service
root@192.168.31.72:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.31.72:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.31.72:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
2. 删除kubelet 证书和kubeconfig 文件
rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
注:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个Node 不同,必须删除重新生成。
3. 修改主机名
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
4. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
5. 在Master 上批准新Node kubelet 证书申请
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME
REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro 89s
kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKeiaE2jyTP81Uro
6. 查看Node 状态
Kubectl get node
Node2(192.168.31.73 )节点同上。记得修改主机名!
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