1. K8s 概述

  • K8s 是谷歌在2014年开源的容器化集群管理系统

  • 使用k8s 进行容器化应用部署

  • 使用k8s 利于应用扩展

  • K8s目标实施让部署容器化应用更加简洁和高效

  1. K8s功能

  • 自动装箱

基于容器对应用运行环境的资源配置要求自动部署应用容器

  • 自我修复(自愈能力)

当容器失败时,会对容器进行重启

当所部署的node节点有问题时,会对容器进行重新部署和重新调度

当容器未通过监控检查时,会关闭此容器直到容器正常运行时,才会对外提供服务

  • 水平扩展

通过简单的命令、用户UI界面或基于CPU等资源使用情况,对应用容器进行规模扩大或规模裁减

  • 服务发现

用户不需要使用额外的服务发现机制,就能够基于kubernetes自身能力实现服务发现和负载均衡

  • 滚动更新

可以根据应用的变化,对应用容器运行的应用,进行一次性或批量式更新

  • 版本回退

可以根据应用部署情况,对应用容器运行的应用,进行历史版本即时回退

  • 密钥和配置管理

在不需要重新构建镜像的情况下,可以部署和更新密钥和应用配置,类似热部署

  • 存储编排

自动实现存储系统挂在及应用,特别对有状态应用实现数据持久化非常重要。存储系统可以来自于本地目录、网络存储(NFS、Gluster、Ceph)等、公共云存储服务。

  • 批处理

提供一次性任务、定时任务,满足批量数据处理和分析场景

  1. K8s集群架构组件

  • Master node(主控节点)和worker node(工作节点)

  • Master Node组件

  1. API server

集群统一入口,以restful方式,交给etcd存储

  1. Scheduler

节点调度,选择node节点进行应用部署

  1. Controller-manager

处理集群中常规后台任务,一个资源对应一个控制器

  1. ETCD

理解为一种存储系统,用于保存集群相关的数据

  • Work node组件

  1. Kubelet

Master 派到node节点的代表,管理本机容器

  1. Kube-proxy

提供网络代理,负载均衡等操作

4.K8s核心概念

1) pod

K8s中最小部署单元,一组容器的集合。一个Pod中的容器是共享网络;生命周期短暂,服务器重启后,原来的pod就不存在了。

2)Controller

  • 确保预期的pod副本数量

  • 无状态应用部署

  • 有状态应用部署(例如依赖存储,网络IP唯一,有特定条件才可使用)

  • 确保所有的node都运行统一个pod

  • 一次性任务和定时任务

3)Service

  • 定义一组pod的访问规则

总体过程:通过service统一入口进行访问,由controller创建pod进行部署,一个pod是一组容器的集合

5 搭建k8s环境

5.1 搭建k8s环境平台规划

5.1.1 单Master集群

5.1.2 多Master集群

5.2 服务硬件配置要求

5.2.1 测试环境

Master :2核cpu,4g内存 20G硬盘

Node:4核 8G内存 硬盘40G

5.2.2 生产环境

Master:8核 8G内存

Node:16核 16G 内存

5.2.3 集群中所有机器之间网络互通

5.2.4可以访问外网,需要拉取镜像

5.2.4 禁止swap分区

如果不禁止,搭建集群会报错,禁用方法如下:

5.2.5 一台或多台机器,操作系统 centos7.x-86_x64

5.3 搭建k8s集群部署方式

部署kubernetes集群主要两种方式:

  1. Kubeadm

Kubeadm是一个k8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署kubernetes集群。Kubeadm是官方那个社区推出的一个用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具,这个工具能够通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署:

  1. 创建一个Master节点 kubeadm init

  1. 将node节点加入到当前集群中 $kubeadm join <Master 节点的IP和端口>

官方地址:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/

  1. 二进制包

从github下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组建,组成kubernetes集群

Kubeadm降低部署门槛,但屏蔽了很多细节,遇到问题很难排查。如果想更容易可控,推荐使用二进制包部署kubernetes集群,虽然动手部署麻烦,其间可以学到很多工作原理,也利于后期维护。

5.4 kubeadm部署步骤

5.4.1 关闭防火墙?生产不能关防火墙

5.4.2 关闭selinux

sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config #永久关闭,需要重启系统

setenforce 0 # 临时关闭

5.4.3 关闭swap分区

$ swapoff -a # 临时

$ sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久

5.4.4 根据规划设置主机名

$ hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

5.4.5 在master添加hosts

$ cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF

192.168.1.120 master

192.168.1.121 node1

192.168.1.122 node2

EOF

5.4.6 每台服务器都设置将桥接的ipv4流量传递到iptables的链

$ cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1

EOF

$ sysctl --system #生效

5.4.7 时间同步

$ yum install ntpdate –y

$ ntpdate time.windows.com

5.5 所有节点安装docker/kubeadm/kubelet

Kubernetes默认CRI(容器运行时)为docker, 因此需要先安装docker

5.5.1所有节点安装docker

官网:https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

  • 卸载旧版本docker

yum remove docker \

docker-client \

docker-client-latest \

docker-common \

docker-latest \

docker-latest-logrotate \

docker-logrotate \

docker-engine

  • 设置yum源

$ yum install -y yum-utils

$ yum-config-manager \

--add-repo \

https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

$ yum -y install docker-ce-17.09.0.ce

$ systemctl start docker

$ systemctl enable docker

$ docker –version

  • 设置镜像加速

$ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF

{

"registry-mirrors": ["https://azmefg7j.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]

}

EOF

* 重新启动docker

systemctl restart docker

4.5.2 所有节点添加阿里云YUM软件源

$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF

[kubernetes]

name=Kubernetes

baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

repo_gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

EOF

5.5.3 所有节点安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新频繁,指定版本号部署

$ yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0

$ systemctl enable kubelet

5.6 部署kubernetes Master

4.6.1 在master上执行

$ kubeadm init \

--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.120 \

--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \

--kubernetes-version v1.18.0 \

--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \

--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io 国内无法访问,这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。

5.6.2 使用kubectl 工具:

1) 上述 kubeadm init初始化完成后,会有如下提示,在master中执行提示中的命令

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

使用kubectl get nodes 命令查看节点状态

在master防火墙开通端口:6443

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=6443/tcp

firewall-cmd --reload

2) 在各work node中执行master提示中的下面命令

kubeadm join 192.168.1.120:6443 --token m7wt1b.bp7ady60ad6eoeky \

--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f55a0ec36535ebefe2251e8709dc79898d9fbeff83e7cb9a7e81b7cb0e1dd361

默认token有效期为24小时,当过期后,该token就不可用了,这时需要重新创建token,操作如下:

$ kubeadm token create -print-join-command

5.7 安装pod网络插件(CNI)

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

由于raw.githubusercontent.com 是国外地址,域名无法解析,打开浏览器访问https://site.ip138.com/ 网站,输入域名解析成ip地址,填写到/etc/hosts文件中,重新执行上述命令就可以了。

例如:

使用命令查看pod运行状况

$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system

如下图所示,代表启动完成。

以上就是基于kubeadm搭建完成。

5.8 测试kubernetes集群

在kubernetes集群中创建一个pod,验证是否正常运行

$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx

使用kubectl get pod 查看创建状态,状态为running时创建完成

$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort

$ kubectl get pod,svc

访问地址:http://NodeIP:Port

6.使用二进制方式搭建集群

部署步骤简要说明:

* 创建多台虚拟机,安装linux操作系统

* 操作系统初始化

* 为etcd和apiserver自签证书

* 部署etcd集群

* 部署master组件:kube-apiserver,kube-controller-mamanger,kube-scheduler,etcd

* 部署node组件:kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd

* 部署集群网络

6.1 安装要求和kubeadm一样

6.2 环境准备

6.2.1 软件环境

操作系统: centos7.1

Docker: 19-ce

Kubernetes 1.19

6.2.2 硬件环境

角色

IP

组件

Master

192.168.1.123

Kube-apiserver,kube-controler-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd

Node1

192.168.1.124

Kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd

Node2

192.168.1.125

Kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd

6.3 部署etcd集群

Etcd是一个分布式键值存储系统,kubernetes使用etcd进行数据存储,需要首先准备一个ETCD数据库,为解决etcd单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,这里使用3台组件集群,可容忍1台机器故障,当然,也可以使用5台组建集群,可容忍2台机器故障

节点名称

IP

Etcd-1

192.168.1.123

Etcd-2

192.168.1.124

Etcd-3

192.168.1.125

注意:为了节省机器,这里与k8s节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署,只要apiserver能连接到就行

6.4 准备cfssl证书生成工具,为etcd和apiserver自签

Cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用json文件生成证书,相比openssl更方便使用,找任意一台服务器操作,这里使用master节点

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl

mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson

mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo

6.5 生成Etcd证书

(1) 自签证书颁发机构(CA)

创建工作目录

mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}

cd TLS/etcd

自签CA:

cat > ca-config.json<< EOF

{

"signing": {

"default": {

"expiry": "87600h"

},

"profiles": {

"www": {

"expiry": "87600h",

"usages": [

"signing",

"key encipherment",

"server auth",

"client auth"

]

}

}

}

}

EOF

cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF

{

"CN": "etcd CA",

"key": {

"algo": "rsa",

"size": 2048

},

"names": [

{

"C": "CN",

"L": "Beijing",

"ST": "Beijing"

}

]

}

EOF

生成证书:

$ cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca

$ ls *pem

(2)使用自签CA 签发Etcd HTTPS 证书

创建证书申请文件:

{

"CN": "etcd",

"hosts": [

"192.168.1.123",

"192.168.1.124",

"192.168.1.125"

],

"key": {

"algo": "rsa",

"size": 2048

},

"names": [

{

"C": "CN",

"L": "BeiJing",

"ST": "BeiJing"

}

]

}

EOF

注:上述文件hosts 字段中IP 为所有etcd 节点的集群内部通信IP,一个都不能少!为了

方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。

生成证书:

$ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

$ ls server*pem

6.6 部署Etcd集群

从Github 下载二进制文件

下载地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-

linux-amd64.tar.gz

以下在节点1 上操作,为简化操作,待会将节点1 生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2 和节点3.

(1)创建工作目录并解压二进制包

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} –p

tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

(2)创建etcd 配置文件

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF

#[Member]

ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"

ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"

ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.123:2380"

ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.123:2379"

#[Clustering]

ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.123:2380"

ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.123:2379"

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.1.123:2380,etcd-

2=https://192.168.1.124:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.1.125:2380"

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

EOF

ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一

ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录

ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址

ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址

ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址

ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new 是新集群,existing 表示加入

已有集群

(3)systemd 管理etcd

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF

[Unit]

Description=Etcd Server

After=network.target

After=network-online.target

Wants=network-online.target

[Service]

Type=notify

EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf

ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \

--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \

--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \

--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \

--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \

--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \

--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \

--logger=zap

Restart=on-failure

LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

(4)拷贝刚才生成的证书

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:

cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

(5)启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start etcd

systemctl enable etcd

(6)将上面节点1 所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2 和节点3

scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.31.72:/opt/

scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service

root@192.168.31.72:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.31.73:/opt/

scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.servicei

root@192.168.31.73:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然后在节点2 和节点3 分别修改etcd.conf 配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP:

vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf

#[Member]

ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处,节点2 改为etcd-2,节点3 改为etcd-3

ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"

ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP

ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP

#[Clustering]

ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前

服务器IP

ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器

IP

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-

2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

最后启动etcd 并设置开机启动,同上。

(7)查看集群状态

$ ETCDCTL_API=3

$ /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.1.123:2379,https://192.168.1.124:2379,https://192.168.1.125:2379" endpoint health

控制台输出

https://192.168.1.123:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 20.394306ms

https://192.168.1.124:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 27.749974ms

https://192.168.1.125:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 29.298205ms

如果输出上面信息,就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志:

/var/log/message 或journalctl -u etcd

7、部署Master Node

7.1 生成kube-apiserver 证书

(1)自签证书颁发机构(CA)

$ cat > ca-config.json<< EOF

{

"signing": {

"default": {

"expiry": "87600h"

},

"profiles": {

"kubernetes": {

"expiry": "87600h",

"usages": [

"signing",

"key encipherment",

"server auth",

"client auth"

]

}

}

}

}

EOF

$ cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF

{

"CN": "kubernetes",

"key": {

"algo": "rsa",

"size": 2048

},

"names": [

{

"C": "CN",

"L": "Beijing",

"ST": "Beijing",

"O": "k8s",

"OU": "System"

}

]

}

EOF

(2)生成证书:

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

ls *pem

ca-key.pem ca.pem

(3)使用自签CA 签发kube-apiserver HTTPS 证书

创建证书申请文件:

cd TLS/k8s

cat > server-csr.json<< EOF

{

"CN": "kubernetes",

"hosts": [

"10.0.0.1",

"127.0.0.1",

"192.168.1.123",

"192.168.1.124",

"192.168.1.125",

"192.168.1.126",

"192.168.1.127",

"192.168.1.128",

"192.168.1.129",

"kubernetes",

"kubernetes.default",

"kubernetes.default.svc",

"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",

"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"

],

"key": {

"algo": "rsa",

"size": 2048

},

"names": [

{

"C": "CN",

"L": "BeiJing",

"ST": "BeiJing",

"O": "k8s",

"OU": "System"

}

]

}

EOF

生成证书:

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

ls server*pem

server-key.pem server.pem

7.2 从Github 下载二进制文件

下载地址:

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-

1.18.md#v1183

注:打开链接你会发现里面有很多包,下载一个server 包就够了,包含了Master 和

Worker Node 二进制文件。

6.3 解压二进制包

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

cd kubernetes/server/bin

cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin

cp kubectl /usr/bin/

6.4 部署kube-apiserver

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF

KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\

--v=2 \\

--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\

--etcd-servers=https://192.168.1.123:2379,https://192.168.1.124:2379,https://192.168.1.125:2379 \\

--bind-address=192.168.1.123 \\

--secure-port=6443 \\

--advertise-address=192.168.1.123 \\

--allow-privileged=true \\

--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\

--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\

--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\

--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\

--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\

--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\

--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\

--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\

--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\

--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\

--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\

--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\

--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\

--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\

--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\

--audit-log-maxage=30 \\

--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\

--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\

--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"

EOF

注:上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符,第二个是换行符,使用转义符是为了使用EOF 保留换

行符。

–logtostderr:启用日志

—v:日志等级

–log-dir:日志目录

–etcd-servers:etcd 集群地址

–bind-address:监听地址

–secure-port:https 安全端口

–advertise-address:集群通告地址

–allow-privileged:启用授权

–service-cluster-ip-range:Service 虚拟IP 地址段

–enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块

–authorization-mode:认证授权,启用RBAC 授权和节点自管理

–enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用TLS bootstrap 机制

–token-auth-file:bootstrap token 文件

–service-node-port-range:Service nodeport 类型默认分配端口范围

–kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver 访问kubelet 客户端证书

–tls-xxx-file:apiserver https 证书

–etcd-xxxfile:连接Etcd 集群证书

–audit-log-xxx:审计日志

2. 拷贝刚才生成的证书

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:

cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

3. 启用TLS Bootstrapping 机制

TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver 启用TLS 认证后,Node 节点kubelet 和kubeproxy

要与kube-apiserver 进行通信,必须使用CA 签发的有效证书才可以,当Node

节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了

简化流程,Kubernetes 引入了TLS bootstraping 机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet

会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver 申请证书,kubelet 的证书由apiserver 动态签署。

所以强烈建议在Node 上使用这种方式,目前主要用于kubelet,kube-proxy 还是由我

们统一颁发一个证书。

TLS bootstraping 工作流程:

创建上述配置文件中token 文件:

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF

c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"

EOF

格式:token,用户名,UID,用户组

token 也可自行生成替换:

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

4. systemd 管理apiserver

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF

[Unit]

Description=Kubernetes API Server

Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]

EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf

ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS

Restart=on-failure

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start kube-apiserver

systemctl enable kube-apiserver

开通8080端口

6. 授权kubelet-bootstrap 用户允许请求证书

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \

--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \

--user=kubelet-bootstrap

7.5 部署kube-controller-manager

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF

KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\

--v=2 \\

--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\

--leader-elect=true \\

--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\

--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\

--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\

--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\

--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\

--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\

--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\

--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\

--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\

--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"

EOF

–master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080 连接apiserver。

–leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)

–cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file:自动为kubelet 颁发证书的CA,与apiserver 保持一致

2. systemd 管理controller-manager

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF

[Unit]

Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager

Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]

EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf

ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS

Restart=on-failure

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

3. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start kube-controller-manager

systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

6.6 部署kube-scheduler

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF

KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \

--v=2 \

--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \

--leader-elect \

--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \

--bind-address=127.0.0.1"

EOF

–master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080 连接apiserver。

–leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)

2. systemd 管理scheduler

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF

[Unit]

Description=Kubernetes Scheduler

Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]

EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf

ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS

Restart=on-failure

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

3. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start kube-scheduler

systemctl enable kube-scheduler

4. 查看集群状态

所有组件都已经启动成功,通过kubectl 工具查看当前集群组件状态:

kubectl get cs

NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR

scheduler Healthy ok

controller-manager Healthy ok

etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}

etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}

etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}

如上输出说明Master 节点组件运行正常。

快速添加自启动命令:

$ for i in $(ls /opt/kubernetes/bin);do systemctl enable $i;done

8、部署Worker Node

下面还是在Master Node 上操作,即同时作为Worker Node

8.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件

在所有worker node 创建工作目录:

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

从master 节点拷贝:

cd kubernetes/server/bin

cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin # 本地拷贝

8.2 部署kubelet

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF

KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\

--v=2 \\

--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\

--hostname-override=master \\

--network-plugin=cni \\

--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\

--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\

--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\

--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\

--pod-infra-container-image=wangbaozhong/pause-amd64:3.0"

EOF

–hostname-override:显示名称,集群中唯一

–network-plugin:启用CNI

–kubeconfig:空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接apiserver

–bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向apiserver 申请证书

–config:配置参数文件

–cert-dir:kubelet 证书生成目录

–pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod 网络容器的镜像

2. 配置参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF

kind: KubeletConfiguration

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1

address: 0.0.0.0

port: 10250

readOnlyPort: 10255

cgroupDriver: cgroupfs

clusterDNS:

- 10.0.0.2

clusterDomain: cluster.local

failSwapOn: false

authentication:

anonymous:

enabled: false

webhook:

cacheTTL: 2m0s

enabled: true

x509:

clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem

authorization:

mode: Webhook

webhook:

cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s

cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s

evictionHard:

imagefs.available: 15%

memory.available: 100Mi

nodefs.available: 10%

nodefs.inodesFree: 5%

maxOpenFiles: 1000000

maxPods: 110

EOF

开通端口10250,10255

3. 生成bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件

$ KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.1.123:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT

$ TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与token.csv 里保持一致

# 生成kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件

$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \

--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \

--embed-certs=true \

--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \

--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

$ kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \

--token=${TOKEN} \

--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

$ kubectl config set-context default \

--cluster=kubernetes \

--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \

--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

$ kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

拷贝到配置文件路径:

cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg

4. systemd 管理kubelet

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF

[Unit]

Description=Kubernetes Kubelet

After=docker.service

[Service]

EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf

ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS

Restart=on-failure

LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start kubelet

systemctl enable kubelet

8.3 批准kubelet 证书申请并加入集群

# 查看kubelet 证书请求

kubectl get csr

NAME AGE SIGNERNAME

REQUESTOR CONDITION

node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A 6m3s

kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending

# 批准申请

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--

K6M4G7bjhk8A

# 查看节点

kubectl get node

注:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪NotReady

8.4 部署kube-proxy

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF

KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\

--v=2 \\

--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\

--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"

EOF

2. 配置参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF

kind: KubeProxyConfiguration

apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1

bindAddress: 0.0.0.0

metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249

clientConnection:

kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

hostnameOverride: node1

clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24

mode: ipvs

ipvs:

scheduler: "rr"

iptables:

masqueradeAll: true

EOF

mode: ipvs ---模式,使用ipvs(性能比较好),默认是IPtables

开通10249端口

3. 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件

生成kube-proxy 证书:

# 切换工作目录

cd TLS/k8s

# 创建证书请求文件

cat > kube-proxy-csr.json<< EOF

{

"CN": "system:kube-proxy",

"hosts": [],

"key": {

"algo": "rsa",

"size": 2048

},

"names": [

{

"C": "CN",

"L": "BeiJing",

"ST": "BeiJing",

"O": "k8s",

"OU": "System"

}

]

}

EOF

# 生成证书

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

ls kube-proxy*pem

kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem

cp kube-proxy*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

scp ca.pem kube-proxy*pem 192.168.9.32:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ ---只拷贝这3个即可

生成kubeconfig 文件:

KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.1.123:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \

--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \

--embed-certs=true \

--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \

--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \

--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \

--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \

--embed-certs=true \

--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \

--cluster=kubernetes \

--user=kube-proxy \

--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

拷贝到配置文件指定路径:

cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

4. systemd 管理kube-proxy

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF

[Unit]

Description=Kubernetes Proxy

After=network.target

[Service]

EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf

ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS

Restart=on-failure

LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start kube-proxy

systemctl enable kube-proxy

8.5 部署CNI 网络

先准备好CNI 二进制文件:

下载地址:

https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.9.1/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.9.1.tgz

解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录:

mkdir /opt/cni/bin

tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

部署CNI 网络:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kubeflannel.yml

sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#wangbaozhong/flannel:v0.12.0-

amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml

生成kube-flannel.yml

$ cat > kube-flannel.yml << EOF

---

apiVersion: policy/v1beta1

kind: PodSecurityPolicy

metadata:

name: psp.flannel.unprivileged

annotations:

seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default

seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default

apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default

apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default

spec:

privileged: false

volumes:

- configMap

- secret

- emptyDir

- hostPath

allowedHostPaths:

- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"

- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"

- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"

readOnlyRootFilesystem: false

# Users and groups

runAsUser:

rule: RunAsAny

supplementalGroups:

rule: RunAsAny

fsGroup:

rule: RunAsAny

# Privilege Escalation

allowPrivilegeEscalation: false

defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false

# Capabilities

allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']

defaultAddCapabilities: []

requiredDropCapabilities: []

# Host namespaces

hostPID: false

hostIPC: false

hostNetwork: true

hostPorts:

- min: 0

max: 65535

# SELinux

seLinux:

# SELinux is unsed in CaaSP

rule: 'RunAsAny'

---

kind: ClusterRole

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1

metadata:

name: flannel

rules:

- apiGroups: ['extensions']

resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']

verbs: ['use']

resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']

- apiGroups:

- ""

resources:

- pods

verbs:

- get

- apiGroups:

- ""

resources:

- nodes

verbs:

- list

- watch

- apiGroups:

- ""

resources:

- nodes/status

verbs:

- patch

---

kind: ClusterRoleBinding

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1

metadata:

name: flannel

roleRef:

apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

kind: ClusterRole

name: flannel

subjects:

- kind: ServiceAccount

name: flannel

namespace: kube-system

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: ServiceAccount

metadata:

name: flannel

namespace: kube-system

---

kind: ConfigMap

apiVersion: v1

metadata:

name: kube-flannel-cfg

namespace: kube-system

labels:

tier: node

app: flannel

data:

cni-conf.json: |

{

"cniVersion": "0.2.0",

"name": "cbr0",

"plugins": [

{

"type": "flannel",

"delegate": {

"hairpinMode": true,

"isDefaultGateway": true

}

},

{

"type": "portmap",

"capabilities": {

"portMappings": true

}

}

]

}

net-conf.json: |

{

"Network": "10.244.0.0/16", ---这个网络要与kube-controller-manager.conf的cluster-cidr的一致

"Backend": {

"Type": "vxlan"

}

}

---

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: DaemonSet

metadata:

name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64

namespace: kube-system

labels:

tier: node

app: flannel

spec:

selector:

matchLabels:

app: flannel

template:

metadata:

labels:

tier: node

app: flannel

spec:

affinity:

nodeAffinity:

requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:

nodeSelectorTerms:

- matchExpressions:

- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os

operator: In

values:

- linux

- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch

operator: In

values:

- amd64

hostNetwork: true

tolerations:

- operator: Exists

effect: NoSchedule

serviceAccountName: flannel

initContainers:

- name: install-cni

image: wangbaozhong/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64

command:

- cp

args:

- -f

- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json

- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist

volumeMounts:

- name: cni

mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d

- name: flannel-cfg

mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/

containers:

- name: kube-flannel

image: wangbaozhong/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64

command:

- /opt/bin/flanneld

args:

- --ip-masq

- --kube-subnet-mgr

resources:

requests:

cpu: "100m"

memory: "50Mi"

limits:

cpu: "100m"

memory: "50Mi"

securityContext:

privileged: false

capabilities:

add: ["NET_ADMIN"]

env:

- name: POD_NAME

valueFrom:

fieldRef:

fieldPath: metadata.name

- name: POD_NAMESPACE

valueFrom:

fieldRef:

fieldPath: metadata.namespace

volumeMounts:

- name: run

mountPath: /run/flannel

- name: flannel-cfg

mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/

volumes:

- name: run

hostPath:

path: /run/flannel

- name: cni

hostPath:

path: /etc/cni/net.d

- name: flannel-cfg

configMap:

name: kube-flannel-cfg

默认镜像地址无法访问,修改为docker hub 镜像仓库。

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

kubectl get node

部署好网络插件,Node 准备就绪。

8.6 授权apiserver 访问kubelet

cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml<< EOF

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: ClusterRole

metadata:

annotations:

rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"

labels:

kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults

name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet

rules:

- apiGroups:

- ""

resources:

- nodes/proxy

- nodes/stats

- nodes/log

- nodes/spec

- nodes/metrics

- pods/log

verbs:

- "*"

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: ClusterRoleBinding

metadata:

name: system:kube-apiserver

namespace: ""

roleRef:

apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

kind: ClusterRole

name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet

subjects:

- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

kind: User

name: kubernetes

EOF

kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

7.7 新增加Worker Node

1. 拷贝已部署好的Node 相关文件到新节点

在master 节点将Worker Node 涉及文件拷贝到新节点192.168.31.72/73

scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.31.72:/opt/

scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service

root@192.168.31.72:/usr/lib/systemd/system

scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.31.72:/opt/

scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.31.72:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

2. 删除kubelet 证书和kubeconfig 文件

rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig

rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

注:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个Node 不同,必须删除重新生成。

3. 修改主机名

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf

--hostname-override=k8s-node1

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml

hostnameOverride: k8s-node1

4. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start kubelet

systemctl enable kubelet

systemctl start kube-proxy

systemctl enable kube-proxy

5. 在Master 上批准新Node kubelet 证书申请

kubectl get csr

NAME AGE SIGNERNAME

REQUESTOR CONDITION

node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro 89s

kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKeiaE2jyTP81Uro

6. 查看Node 状态

Kubectl get node

Node2(192.168.31.73 )节点同上。记得修改主机名!

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