CentOS 7系统内核由3.10升级至5.4.225（当前最新稳定版本）
Linux centos7升级内核，yum更新方法，由3.10版本内核升级为当前最新稳定版本5.4.225内核，以实现某些应用软件的内核要求。并实现默认按照新版本内核启动。
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服务器环境
操作系统：CentOS 7 2009版本 最小化安装
1、升级内核
通过官网查看长期稳定版内核 https://www.kernel.org/
操作方法可参考elrepo网站：http://elrepo.org/tiki/HomePage
本文档操作步骤参考：Linux centos7升级内核（两种方法：内核编译和yum更新）
# 查看内核版本
[root@jumpserver ~]# uname -rs
Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
# CentOS 允许使用 ELRepo，这是一个第三方仓库，可以将内核升级到最新版本。
# 在CentOS 7上启用 ELRepo 仓库，运行如下命令：
# 导入该源的秘钥
[root@jumpserver ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
# 启用该源仓库
[root@jumpserver ~]# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
获取http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
获取http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo ################################# [100%]
# 查看有哪些内核版本可供安装
[root@jumpserver ~]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo-kernel.el7 error was
12: Timeout on http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo-kernel.el7: (28, 'Connection timed out after 30000 milliseconds')
* elrepo-kernel: elrepo.org
elrepo-kernel | 3.0 kB 00:00
elrepo-kernel/primary_db | 2.1 MB 00:03
可安装的软件包
elrepo-release.noarch 7.0-6.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt.x86_64 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-doc.noarch 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml.x86_64 6.0.10-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 6.0.10-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-doc.noarch 6.0.10-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 6.0.10-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 6.0.10-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 6.0.10-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 6.0.10-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
perf.x86_64 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
python-perf.x86_64 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
# 安装长期稳定版本，5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo
[root@jumpserver ~]# yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-lt -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo.el7 error was
12: Timeout on http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo.el7: (28, 'Connection timed out after 30008 milliseconds')
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo-kernel.el7 error was
12: Timeout on http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo-kernel.el7: (28, 'Connection timed out after 30000 milliseconds')
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* elrepo: elrepo.org
* elrepo-kernel: elrepo.org
* extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
elrepo | 3.0 kB 00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00
(1/5): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00
(2/5): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 249 kB 00:00
(3/5): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00
(4/5): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 18 MB 00:01
(5/5): elrepo/primary_db | 449 kB 00:02
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 kernel-lt.x86_64.0.5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
kernel-lt x86_64 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 50 M
事务概要
================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：50 M
安装大小：228 M
Downloading packages:
kernel-lt-5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 50 MB 00:09
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
正在安装 : kernel-lt-5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : kernel-lt-5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
kernel-lt.x86_64 0:5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo
完毕！
[root@jumpserver ~]#
# 重启服务器，手动选择新安装的内核版本进入系统！！！
2、设置GRUB默认的内核版本
为了让新安装的内核成为默认启动选项，需要修改GRUB配置。
[root@jumpserver ~]# vi /etc/default/grub
修改前文件内容如下：
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos_jumpserver/root rd.lvm.lv=centos_jumpserver/swap rhgb quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
修改后文件内容如下：(修改为GRUB_DEFAULT=0，意思是GRUB初始化页面的第一个内核做为默认内核。)
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos_jumpserver/root rd.lvm.lv=centos_jumpserver/swap rhgb quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
执行命令：grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
[root@jumpserver ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-8cb56c471048fd4eacb09d19b73e2a71
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-8cb56c471048fd4eacb09d19b73e2a71.img
done
[root@jumpserver ~]#
# 查看升级后内核
[root@jumpserver ~]# uname -rs
Linux 5.4.225-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
[root@jumpserver ~]#
3、切换repo源（可选操作）
# 备份
[root@jumpserver redis-stable]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
# 下载新的CentOS-Base.repo到/etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@jumpserver redis-stable]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2022-12-01 15:14:41-- https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
正在解析主机 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 113.219.178.239, 113.219.178.243, 113.219.178.244, ...
正在连接 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|113.219.178.239|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo”
100%[======================================>] 2,523 --.-K/s 用时 0.02s
2022-12-01 15:14:42 (142 KB/s) - 已保存 “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo” [2523/2523])
[root@jumpserver redis-stable]#
# 非阿里云ECS用户会出现 Couldn't resolve host 'mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com' 信息，不影响使用。用户也可自行修改相关配置: eg:
[root@jumpserver redis-stable]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# 运行yum makecache生成缓存
[root@jumpserver redis-stable]# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo.el7 error was
12: Timeout on http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo.el7: (28, 'Connection timed out after 30001 milliseconds')
* elrepo: elrepo.org
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
elrepo | 3.0 kB 00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00
(1/8): elrepo/other_db | 35 kB 00:01
(2/8): elrepo/filelists_db | 43 kB 00:02
(3/8): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 276 kB 00:02
(4/8): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 149 kB 00:01
(5/8): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 1.2 MB 00:08
(6/8): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:26
(7/8): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 01:00
(8/8): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 10 MB 01:30
元数据缓存已建立
[root@jumpserver redis-stable]#
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