linux-MYSQL 配置
DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.49/tmp/musql.sock设定mysql.sock路径。-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.49设定mysql安装目录。-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.49/data设定mysql数据文件目录。datadir=
一,mysql安装
基础操作
- DDL
- DML
- DCL
- 查询
运维:
- 分片mycat
- 垂直
- 水平
- 读写分离
- 主从辅助
- MHA
关系型数据库
下载地址
-
官网不解释
-
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/
下载5.6
安装
安装方式
rpm包安装
yum安装
源码编译安装
1.获取rpm包安装MySQL
需要手动解决依赖:
4个软件包
mysql-client
mysql-devel
mysql-server
mysql-shared
地址:wget下载安装即可
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-shared-5.6.49-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-devel-5.6.49-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-server-5.6.49-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-client-5.6.49-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
2. yum安装
最简单,但生产环境基本不用:
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@mysql ~]# sed -i s@SELINUX=enforcing@SELINUX=disabled@ /etc/selinux/config
[root@mysql ~]# setenforce 0
[root@mysql ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@mysql ~]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
3.编译安装
源码编译三部曲
1.
获取
mysql源码包
,解压缩,源码目录下有个makefile2.进入mysql源码目录下,执行
make
命令,自动读取makefile3.在make编译完成之后,执行
make install
,安装mysql到制定位置需要提前安装gcc
3.1获取源码包
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.49.tar.gz
编译安装一般要求2颗CPU,4G内存
[root@mysql ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1.8G 211M 944M 9.5M 664M 1.4G
Swap: 2.0G 0B 2.0G[root@mysql ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo #看cpu
3.2准备环境
前提安装编译环境
[root@mysql ~]# yum install ncurses-devel livaio-devel gcc make cmake openssl-devel
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa libaio ncurses
ncurses-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64本次使用cmake安装,因此:
[root@mysql ~]# yum install cmake
创建mysql用户,用于授权目录
[root@mysql ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
-s指定shell -M不自动创建用户目录
[root@mysql ~]# id mysql
uid=1001(mysql) gid=1001(mysql) groups=1001(mysql)
3.3 安装
解压缩:
[root@mysql ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg mysql-5.6.49.tar.gz
[root@mysql ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.49.tar.gz
[root@mysql ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.49.tar.gz^C
[root@mysql ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg mysql-5.6.49 mysql-5.6.49.tar.gz
[root@mysql ~]# cd mysql-5.6.49
[root@mysql mysql-5.6.49]# pwd
/root/mysql-5.6.49
执行cmake,生成makefile:
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.49 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.49/data \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.49/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DWITH_SSL=bundled \ #这里导致出错、应改成-DWITH_SSL=system
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.49 设定mysql安装目录
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.49/data 设定mysql数据文件目录
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.49/tmp/musql.sock 设定mysql.sock路径
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 设定默认字符集为utf8
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 设定默认排序规则-DEXTRA_CHARSET=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii 启用额外的字符集类型
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ 启用引擎
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ 禁用引擎
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \ 启用zlib库支持
-DWITH_SSL=bundled
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ 启用本地数据导入支持
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ 编译嵌入式服务器支持
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 禁用debug
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.49 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.49/data \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.49/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
此时查看目录,出现makefile:
[root@mysql mysql-5.6.49]# ls
BUILD CMakeLists.txt CTestTestfile.cmake info_macros.cmake make_dist.cmake packaging sql tests zlib
client cmd-line-utils dbug INSTALL Makefile plugin sql-bench unittest
cmake config.h.cmake Docs libmysql man README sql-common VERSION
CMakeCache.txt configure.cmake Doxyfile-perfschema libmysqld mysql-test regex storage VERSION.dep
CMakeFiles CPackConfig.cmake extra libservices mysys scripts strings vio
cmake_install.cmake CPackSourceConfig.cmake include LICENSE mysys_ssl source_downloads support-files win
执行make命令,直至进度为100%:(这个耗时比较长)
[root@mysql mysql-5.6.49]# make
[100%] Built target my_safe_process
执行make install 安装:
[root@mysql mysql-5.6.49]# make install
验证:
安装完成后,设定的路径生成相关目录:
[root@mysql mysql-5.6.49]# ls /application/
mysql-5.6.49
[root@mysql mysql-5.6.49]# cd /application/mysql-5.6.49/
[root@mysql mysql-5.6.49]# ls
bin data docs include lib LICENSE man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files
bin:二进制程序 data:数据 docs:帮助文档
为了方便以后调用(升级维护等),为目录创建一个软链接:
[root@mysql application]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.6.49/ /application/mysql
[root@mysql application]# ls
mysql mysql-5.6.49
[root@mysql application]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Aug 21 04:24 mysql -> /application/mysql-5.6.49/
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 191 Aug 21 04:19 mysql-5.6.49
二.MySQL数据初始化操作
1.找到脚本路径
[root@mysql application]# cd /application/mysql/scripts/
[root@mysql scripts]# ls
mysql_install_db
此文件可以用于数据初始化。
同时观察数据目录,发现几乎没有什么东西:
[root@mysql scripts]# ls /application/mysql/data/ -R
/application/mysql/data/:
test
/application/mysql/data/test:
db.opt
必须要进行初始化之后才会产生数据,才能使用MySQL
2.初始化
[root@mysql scripts]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
出现两个OK,表示完成。
再看data目录:
[root@mysql scripts]# ls /application/mysql/data/
ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema test
yum 安装mysql5.7
cd /opt
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
yum install mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm -y
yum installl yum-utils -y
yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
yum install mysql-community-server -y
3.启动MySQL
安装时有自带的脚本,这里直接利用。
[root@mysql ~]# ls /application/mysql/support-files/
binary-configure magic my-default.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server
mysql.server
即配置脚本
备份、去除注释和空行:
[root@mysql ~]# cp mysql.server mysql.server.bak
[root@mysql ~]# grep -v '^\s*#' mysql.server|grep -v '^$' >111
[root@mysql ~]# ls /application/mysql/support-files/
111 binary-configure magic my-default.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server mysql.server.bak
将文件拷贝到系统自带的脚本目录并授权:
[root@mysql ~]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/111 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql ~]# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql ~]# ll /etc/init.d/mysqld
-rwx------. 1 root root 6675 Aug 21 04:55 /etc/init.d/mysqld
启动MySQL(注意排错):
启动需要的配置文件准备:将初始化时自动生成的配置文件拷贝一下即可:
[root@mysql ~]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? yes
[root@mysql ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/application/mysql-5.6.49/data/mysql.err'.
220821 05:05:55 mysqld_safe Directory '/application/mysql-5.6.49/tmp' for UNIX socket file don't exists.
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/application/mysql-5.6.49/data/mysql.pid).
提示没有/application/mysql-5.6.49/tmp目录,创建目录后再次执行:
[root@mysql ~]# mkdir /application/mysql/tmp
[root@mysql ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/application/mysql-5.6.49/data/mysql.err'.
.... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/application/mysql-5.6.49/data/mysql.pid).
依然出错,是因为权限的问题:
[root@mysql ~]# ll /application/mysql/
total 248
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 21 04:19 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 143 Aug 21 05:06 data #这个目录归属不一样
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 55 Aug 21 04:19 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Aug 21 04:19 include
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Aug 21 04:19 lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 219891 Jun 2 2020 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 30 Aug 21 04:19 man
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 943 Aug 21 04:35 my.cnf
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Aug 21 04:19 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 587 Jun 2 2020 README
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 30 Aug 21 04:19 scripts
drwxr-xr-x. 28 root root 4096 Aug 21 04:19 share
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Aug 21 04:19 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 171 Aug 21 04:50 support-files
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 21 05:06 tmp
那么继续解决:
[root@mysql ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
[root@mysql ~]# ll /application/mysql/
total 248
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 21 04:19 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 143 Aug 21 05:06 data
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 55 Aug 21 04:19 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 21 04:19 include
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 21 04:19 lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 219891 Jun 2 2020 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 30 Aug 21 04:19 man
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 943 Aug 21 04:35 my.cnf
drwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 21 04:19 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 587 Jun 2 2020 README
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 30 Aug 21 04:19 scripts
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 21 04:19 share
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 21 04:19 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 171 Aug 21 04:50 support-files
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 21 05:06 tmp
再启动:
[root@mysql ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@mysql ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep mysql
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 48128/mysqld
三.基本操作
1.登录MySQL数据库
方才MySQL服务端(mysql-server)已经正确启动,需要使用客户端登录,进行数据的增删改查。```
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p
-bash: mysql: command not found
缺乏path变量修改:
在/etc/profile最下方加入:
export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@mysql docs]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
source一下
[root@mysql docs]# source /etc/profile
[root@mysql docs]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
可以输入密码了
默认空密码,直接回车进入数据库
2.数据库操作(简单sql语句使用)
显示数据库:
show databases;注意“;”结束
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.31 sec)
这里有4个数据库
删除数据库:
mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
四.MySQL安全配置
没有密码不安全,首先要设置密码:
首先退出mysql:
mysql> exit;
Bye
Linux中mysqladmin命令,用来修改数据库信息
[root@mysql docs]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password #-p提示输入密码
Enter password: #原密码,这里为空,直接回车
New password: #新密码
Confirm new password: #重复新密码
用户root
新密码123456
[root@mysql docs]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.49 Source
······
mysql>
五,案例:多实例部署方式
基于一个MySQL应用程序
初始化3次,生成三个独立的MySQL数据目录、3个配置文件、3个启动程序,即生成三个实例。
第一步:二进制安装准备
新玩法:源码已经被编译过,下载解压后,可以直接在对应的系统平台上运行。包大,但使用简单。
1.下载二进制包
二进制包下载地址,这一次用阿里的镜像:
[root@mysql ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.49-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz?spm=a2c6h.25603864.0.0.b80c6944SOFEKj
[root@mysql ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg mysql-5.6.51 mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz?spm=a2c6h.25603864.0.0.d3ec69441701Xl mysql-5.6.51.tar.gz
[root@mysql ~]# mv mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz?spm=a2c6h.25603864.0.0.d3ec69441701Xl mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
[root@mysql ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg mysql-5.6.51 mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar mysql-5.6.51.tar.gz
2.安装依赖
[root@mysql ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc make cmake
3.环境清理
清空MySQL有关的PATH:
[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/profile
``````
#export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
退出当前shell重新登录一次,再查看PATH,已经清除了
[root@mysql ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
停止当前MySQL的运行:
[root@mysql ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep mysql
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 16529/mysqld
[root@mysql ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
4.创建MySQL用户
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
由于之前已经创建过,可以直接使用:
[root@mysql ~]# id mysql
uid=1001(mysql) gid=1001(mysql) groups=1001(mysql)
5.准备好多实例的数据目录
[root@mysql ~]# mkdir -p /my_mysql/{3306,3307}
[root@mysql ~]# tree /my_mysql/
/my_mysql/
├── 3306
└── 3307
6.解压二进制包
[root@mysql ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar -C /application/
-C 指定解压目录
[root@mysql ~]# ls /application/
mysql mysql-5.6.51 mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
7.准备二进制MySQL运行所需环境
解压完之后,可以看到所有编译过的文件:
[root@mysql ~]# ls /application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
bin data docs include lib LICENSE man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files
[root@mysql ~]# ls /application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/
innochecksum mysql mysql_client_test mysqld_multi mysqlhotcopy mysqltest replace
msql2mysql mysqlaccess mysql_client_test_embedded mysqld_safe mysqlimport mysqltest_embedded resolveip
myisamchk mysqlaccess.conf mysql_config mysqldump mysql_plugin mysql_tzinfo_to_sql resolve_stack_dump
myisam_ftdump mysqladmin mysql_config_editor mysqldumpslow mysql_secure_installation mysql_upgrade
myisamlog mysqlbinlog mysql_convert_table_format mysql_embedded mysql_setpermission mysql_waitpid
myisampack mysqlbug mysqld mysql_find_rows mysqlshow mysql_zap
my_print_defaults mysqlcheck mysqld-debug mysql_fix_extensions mysqlslap perror
直接使用即可,二进制安装确实方便。
环境准备:
- 各个配置文件
- 各个启动脚本
- 数据初始化,生成初始化data数据
8.安装多个实例
1.准备多个实例的配置文件
准备3306的配置文件:
[root@mysql ~]# vim /my_mysql/3306/my.cnf
[client]
[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/my_mysql/3306/mysql.sock
basedir=/application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
datadir=/my_mysql/3306/data/
log-bin=/my_mysql/3306/mysql-bin
server-id=3306
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/my_mysql/3306/mysql_3306_error.log
pid-file=/my_mysql/3306/mysqld_3306.pid
准备3307的配置文件:
[root@mysql 3306]# vim /my_mysql/3307/my.cnf
[client]
[mysqld]
port=3307
socket=/my_mysql/3307/mysql.sock
basedir=/application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
datadir=/my_mysql/3307/data/
log-bin=/my_mysql/3307/mysql-bin
server-id=3307
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/my_mysql/3307/mysql_3307_error.log
pid-file=/my_mysql/3307/mysqld_3307.pid
2.准备MySQL启停脚本
因为二进制包中的安装脚本都是默认路径(与源码安装根据环境生成的不一样),所以不能直接使用了,最好自己配置脚本容易一些:
[root@mysql 3306]# vim /my_mysql/3306/mysql_3306
port=3306
mysql_user="mysql"
Cmdpath="/application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin"
mysql_sock="/my_mysql/3306/mysql.sock"
mysqld_pid_file_path="/my_mysql/3306/mysqld_3306.pid"
start(){
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${Cmdpath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/my_mysql/3306/my.cnf --pid-file=/my_mysql/3306/mysqld_3306.pid 2>&1 > /dev/null &
sleep 3
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit 1
fi
}
stop(){
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit 1
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`
if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
then
kill $mysqld_pid
sleep 2
fi
fi
}
restart(){
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
stop
sleep 2
start
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
restart
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /my_mysql/3306/mysqld_3306{start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
对于3307的,只需要修改文件目录及端口就行。
[root@mysql 3306]# vim /my_mysql/3307/mysql_3307
port=3307
mysql_user="mysql"
Cmdpath="/application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin"
mysql_sock="/my_mysql/3307/mysql.sock"
mysqld_pid_file_path="/my_mysql/3307/mysqld_3307.pid"
start(){
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${Cmdpath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/my_mysql/3307/my.cnf --pid-file=/my_mysql/3307/mysqld_3307.pid 2>&1 > /dev/null &
sleep 3
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit 1
fi
}
stop(){
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit 1
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`
if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
then
kill $mysqld_pid
sleep 2
fi
fi
}
restart(){
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
stop
sleep 2
start
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
restart
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /my_mysql/3307/mysqld_3307{start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
为脚本添加执行权限:
[root@mysql 3306]# chmod +x /my_mysql/3306/mysql_3306
[root@mysql 3306]# chmod +x /my_mysql/3307/mysql_3307
3.用户组授权
[root@mysql ~]# ll /my_mysql/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 57 Aug 22 00:46 3306
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 38 Aug 22 00:46 3307
[root@mysql ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /my_mysql/
[root@mysql ~]# ll /my_mysql/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 57 Aug 22 00:46 3306
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 38 Aug 22 00:46 330
4.PATH配置
[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/profile
.......
export PATH=/application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin:$PATH
保存退出
logout
重进
[root@mysql ~]# echo $PATH
/application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@mysql ~]# which mysql
/application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql
5.创建多个实例对应的数据目录
[root@mysql ~]# mkdir -p /my_mysql/3306/data
[root@mysql ~]# mkdir -p /my_mysql/3307/data
[root@mysql ~]# tree /my_mysql/
/my_mysql/
├── 3306
│ ├── data
│ ├── my.cnf
│ └── mysql_3306
└── 3307
├── data
├── my.cnf
└── mysql_3307
4 directories, 4 files
6.多实例初始化
初始化3306
此时3306下data目录是空的:
[root@mysql ~]# ls /my_mysql/3306/data/
执行初始化:
[root@mysql ~]# /application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/my_mysql/3306/my.cnf --basedir=/application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ --datadir=/my_mysql/3306/data/ --user=mysql
完毕之后再查看
[root@mysql ~]# ls /my_mysql/3306/data/
ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema test
再初始化3307
[root@mysql ~]# /application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/my_mysql/3307/my.cnf --basedir=/application/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ --datadir=/my_mysql/3307/data/ --user=mysql
[root@mysql ~]# ls /my_mysql/3307/data/
ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema test
7.分别启动多实例
环境检查,看看有没有mysql在执行
[root@mysql ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep mysql
空的
启动3306数据库
[root@mysql ~]# /my_mysql/3306/mysql_3306 start
Starting MySQL...
Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err'.
[root@mysql ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep 3306
启动失败
进入排错流程
思考一下整理流程
准备配置文件
准备安装脚本
授权
数据目录初始化
应挨个步骤检查
经过排查,找到问题了:
在配置文件中:
datadir=/my_mysql/3306/ #初始化数据放置目录
初始化过程选中的路径则是/my_mysql/3306/data
修改一下配置文件吧:datadir=/my_mysql/3306/data
[root@mysql ~]# /my_mysql/3306/mysql_3306 start
Starting MySQL...
Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err'.
出现这个问题,应该是没有关闭防火墙和selinux,关闭之后提示的错误日志路径应该是配置文件配置的,此时手动创建错误日志,并重新赋权:
[root@mysql 3306]# chmod +x /my_mysql/3306/mysql_3306
[root@mysql 3306]# chmod +x /my_mysql/3307/mysql_3307
另外,mysql解压后的目录最好也赋权为mysql
登录:
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -S /my_mysql/3306/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.51-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
3307数据库也是用自己的sock文件登录,分别创建新的数据库,查看区别。结束。
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