linux中单引号和双引号的区别

定义变量
[root@mihaoyu128 ~]# name="mhy"

变量取值  $
[root@mihaoyu128 ~]# echo $name
mhy

双引号""字符串中,$符会取出变量的值
[root@mihaoyu128 ~]# echo "hello, $name good luck."
hello, mhy good luck.

单引号''也表示字符串,单引号中$不会进行转译
[root@mihaoyu128 ~]# echo 'hello, $name good luck.'
hello, $name good luck.

用反单引号``包含的内容,系统会默认先执行``里面的指令,将结果进行输出
[root@mihaoyu128 ~]# echo `ls /opt/soft/`
mysql shell

双引号""中包含反单引号``
[root@mihaoyu128 ~]# echo "hello `date`"
hello Tue Oct 26 10:07:21 CST 2021

方法一(借助xargs,在查找出来的文件中 grep 过滤出字符串):

[xiaoming@ data]$find -name '*.h' | wc -l
57

[xiaoming@ data]$find -name '*.h' | xargs grep -R -n haha | wc -l
120

[xiaoming@ data]$find -name '*.h' | xargs grep -R -n haha123 | wc -l
100

方法二(先grep到文件,用akw获取文件路径,再用xargs取到文件再grep新的内容):

grep -R -n "hahahah" | grep ON | awk -F: '{print $1}' | xargs grep -R -n heiheihei

方法三:

想获取mysqld的进程状态,使用下面的命令

Linux命令 写道

root@simen-laptop:/tmp# pidof mysqld

1395

root@simen-laptop:/tmp# top -n 1 -p 1395

top - 17:20:03 up 9:14, 3 users, load average: 0.89, 0.40, 0.26

Tasks: 1 total, 0 running, 1 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

Cpu(s): 34.7%us, 12.4%sy, 0.7%ni, 51.0%id, 0.9%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st

Mem: 4060300k total, 3985748k used, 74552k free, 334216k buffers

Swap: 7815580k total, 31412k used, 7784168k free, 801048k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

1395 mysql 20 0 239m 10m 4148 S 0 0.3 0:15.35 mysqld

其实可以合并到一起

Linux命令 写道

root@simen-laptop:/tmp# top -p `pidof mysqld`,`pidof firefox`

top - 17:23:47 up 9:17, 3 users, load average: 0.21, 0.31, 0.26

Tasks: 2 total, 0 running, 2 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

Cpu(s): 34.7%us, 12.4%sy, 0.7%ni, 50.9%id, 0.9%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st

Mem: 4060300k total, 3978188k used, 82112k free, 331988k buffers

Swap: 7815580k total, 31412k used, 7784168k free, 798820k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

3489 root 20 0 1138m 221m 42m S 6 5.6 50:08.32 firefox

1395 mysql 20 0 239m 10m 4148 S 0 0.3 0:15.42 mysqld

注意的是`pidof mysqld`,`pidof firefox`不是引号,而是“上分割符”,就是Esc下面的按键

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