微服务实战(一):项目搭建
后台微服务项目快速搭建
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入行7年,从Delphi到Java,再到前端,全栈,一路走来,磕磕碰碰。回顾一下过去,总结经验,继续学习、前进。
以一个全栈工程师的角度,记录下如何在一个传统公司或中小型公司独立快速开发系统,独当一面,包括前端、后端、数据库、小程序等,遇到的问难和解决方案也会分享在此,希望对有需要的朋友有所帮助(大佬们无视~)!
该系列文章适合有一定Java基础和SpringBoot开发经验的人。另外由于是以一个比较完整的项目作为例子,所以许多搭建细节不作描述。
开发环境:Idea2020、JDK11(Idea2017、JDK8也可以)
技术栈:SpringBoot、Alibaba Cloud、Nacos、Redis、Vue、ElementUI
数据库:PostgreSQL10
开始吧!
项目创建
一、创建Maven项目
1.pom文件中配置版本信息和依赖(是最顶层模块的pom)
<!-- ⼀般来说⽗级项⽬的packaging都为pom,packaging默认类型jar类型-->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<modules>
<!-- 业务中心 -->
<module>business-center</module>
<!-- 公共模块 -->
<module>common-center</module>
<!-- api网关 -->
<module>api-gateway</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<java.version>11</java.version>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.boot.version>2.3.3.RELEASE</spring.boot.version>
<spring.cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring.cloud.version>
<alibaba.cloud.version>2.2.1.RELEASE</alibaba.cloud.version>
<mybatisplus.boot.starter.version>3.4.0</mybatisplus.boot.starter.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.16</lombok.version>
<commons.lang3.version>3.9</commons.lang3.version>
<commons.codec.version>1.15</commons.codec.version>
<springfox.boot.starter.version>3.0.0</springfox.boot.starter.version>
<!--跳过单元测试-->
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</properties>
<!--锁定版本-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${alibaba.cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis plus和springboot整合-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatisplus.boot.starter.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--scope=provided,说明它只在编译阶段生效,不需要打入包中, Lombok在编译期将带Lombok注解的Java文件正确编译为完整的Class文件-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<!--<scope>provided</scope>-->
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>${commons.lang3.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--接口文档依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${springfox.boot.starter.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--aliyun oss-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId>
<artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId>
<version>3.10.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JWT相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.7.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--kaptcha依赖包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>kaptcha-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--用于加密-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>${commons.codec.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<!-- 代码库 -->
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>maven-ali</id>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public//</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>fail</checksumPolicy>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>public</id>
<name>aliyun nexus</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
<!--module不用添加打包版本信息-->
<build>
<finalName>${artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>11</source>
<target>11</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
2.common-center配置
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis-plus-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--postgresql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 代码自动生成依赖 begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-generator</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- velocity -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
<artifactId>velocity-engine-core</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 代码自动生成依赖 end-->
<!--swagger ui接口文档依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--redis客户端-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>io.lettuce</groupId>
<artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.12.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--添加nacos客户端-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--配置中心-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Feign远程调用-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.58</version>
</dependency>
<!--用于加密-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- JWT相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--邮箱-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3.api-gateway配置
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--网关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--添加nacos客户端-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--配置中心-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
4.business-center业务中心,创建一些业务服务模块,这里以user-center用户服务为例
<artifactId>business-center</artifactId>
<description>业务中心</description>
<modules>
<module>user-center</module>
</modules>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
5.user-center用户服务
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.work</groupId>
<artifactId>common-center</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>kaptcha-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId>
<artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
二、创建基础的包和启动类
1.依赖包都下载好后,将基础的包和启动类创建出来
package net.work;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@MapperScan("net.work.mapper")
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class UserCenterApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserCenterApp.class, args);
}
}
package net.work;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GatewayServerApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GatewayServerApp.class, args);
}
}
2.配置文件
application.yml不需要写任何内容,基本上没有特殊配置,bootstrap.yml中的配置都大同小异
(1)网关服务
spring:
application:
name: api-gateway-service
cloud:
nacos:
config:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos配置中心地址(本地)
file-extension: yaml #文件拓展格式
# profiles:
# active: dev #本地开发环境
# active: pro #线上生产环境
(2)用户服务
spring:
application:
name: user-service
cloud:
nacos:
config:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos配置中心地址(本地)
file-extension: yaml #文件拓展格式
# profiles:
# active: dev #本地开发环境
# active: pro #线上生产环境
下一次,整合Nacos,让项目跑起来!
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