1 prometheus是什么

prometheus是由谷歌研发的一款开源的监控软件，目前已经被云计算本地基金会托管，是继k8s托管的第二个项目。zabbix功能强大，但是对容器监控显得力不从心。为解决监控容器的问题，引入了prometheus技术。prometheus号称是下一代监控。

2 prometheus特点
  • 易于搭建，可以轻易获取服务内部状态
  • 高效灵活的查询语句
  • 支持本地和远程存储
  • 采用http协议，默认pull模式拉取数据，也可以通过中间网关push数据
  • 支持自动发现
  • 可扩展
3 prometheus的运行流程

在这里插入图片描述

prometheus根据配置定时去拉取各个节点的数据，默认使用的拉取方式是pull，也可以使用pushgateway提供的push方式获取各个监控节点的数据。将获取到的数据存入TSDB，一款时序型数据库。此时prometheus已经获取到了监控数据，可以使用内置的PromQL进行查询。它的报警功能使用Alertmanager提供，Alertmanager是prometheus的告警管理和发送报警的一个组件。prometheus原生的图标功能过于简单，可将prometheus数据接入grafana，由grafana进行统一管理。

4 grafana是什么

grafana是用于可视化大型测量数据的开源程序，他提供了强大和优雅的方式去创建、共享、浏览数据。其实就是一个可视化面板（Dashboard），有着非常漂亮的图表和布局展示，功能齐全的度量仪表盘和图形编辑器，经常被用作基础设施的时间序列数据和应用程序分析的可视化，它在其他领域也被广泛的使用包括工业传感器、家庭自动化、天气和过程控制等。

5 部署集群监控
5.1 监控的守护进程
# 新建监控工作目录
mkdir prometheosgrafana 
cd  prometheosgrafana 
## node-exporter.yaml
cat  > node-exporter.yaml << EOF
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/node-exporter
        name: node-exporter
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 9100
    nodePort: 31672
    protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
EOF
5.2 分配访问权限
cat > rbac-setup.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
EOF
5.3 配置文件
cat > configmap.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: ingress
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
        regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
        replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
EOF
5.4 prometheus的deployment
cat > prometheus.deploy.yml  <<  EOF 
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    name: prometheus-deployment
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
        name: prometheus
        command:
        - "/bin/prometheus"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/prometheus"
          name: data
        - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
          name: config-volume
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 2500Mi
      serviceAccountName: prometheus    
      volumes:
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: prometheus-config   
EOF
5.5 prometheus的service暴露端口
cat >   prometheus.svc.yml << EOF
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    app: prometheus
EOF
5.4 部署grafana的deployment
cat > grafana-deploy.yaml  <<  EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana-core
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: grafana
      component: core
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        component: core
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: grafana/grafana:4.2.0
        name: grafana-core
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        # env:
        resources:
          # keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
          # The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password.
          - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
            value: "true"
          - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
            value: "false"
          # - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          #   value: Admin
          # does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards:
          # - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED
          #   value: "true"
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 3000
          # initialDelaySeconds: 30
          # timeoutSeconds: 1
        volumeMounts:
        - name: grafana-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var
      volumes:
      - name: grafana-persistent-storage
        emptyDir: {}
EOF
5.5 部署grafana的service
cat > grafana-svc.yaml <<  EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 3000
  selector:
    app: grafana
    component: core
EOF

部署全部资源

kubectl apply -f  node-exporter.yaml
kubectl apply -f  rbac-setup.yaml
kubectl apply -f  configmap.yaml
kubectl apply -f  prometheus.deploy.yml
kubectl apply -f  prometheus.svc.yml
kubectl apply -f  grafana-deploy.yaml
kubectl apply -f  grafana-svc.yaml

查看部署情况

# pods
[root@VM-4-6-centos promethesgrafana]# kubectl get po -n kube-system
NAME                                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
helm-install-traefik-nm72m                0/1     Completed   0          108m
local-path-provisioner-5ff76fc89d-4ftx8   1/1     Running     1          108m
metrics-server-86cbb8457f-f24nn           1/1     Running     1          108m
svclb-traefik-9g2vz                       2/2     Running     2          108m
coredns-854c77959c-24wgk                  1/1     Running     1          108m
traefik-6f9cbd9bd4-w5666                  1/1     Running     1          108m
node-exporter-q24s8                       1/1     Running     0          52m
prometheus-68546b8d9-pvqq9                1/1     Running     0          51m
grafana-core-6d6fb7566-bjmn9              1/1     Running     0          51m

# service
[root@VM-4-6-centos promethesgrafana]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME                 TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
kube-dns             ClusterIP      10.43.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP       109m
metrics-server       ClusterIP      10.43.107.167   <none>        443/TCP                      109m
traefik-prometheus   ClusterIP      10.43.113.216   <none>        9100/TCP                     108m
traefik              LoadBalancer   10.43.67.3      10.0.4.6      80:31424/TCP,443:30629/TCP   108m
node-exporter        NodePort       10.43.195.117   <none>        9100:31672/TCP               52m
prometheus           NodePort       10.43.220.207   <none>        9090:30003/TCP               52m
grafana              NodePort       10.43.158.199   <none>        3000:31067/TCP               51m
6 grafana查看
6.1 登录

打开浏览器， 打开集群节点 : 31067
账户和密码都是admin登录

6.2 添加数据源

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

url 填 prometheus的CLUSTER-IP ，端口9090， 添加数据源后点击测试，成功即可

6.2 导入数据源，选择面板

在这里插入图片描述

Grafana.net Dashboard中填315或其他模板，选择数据源确定即可

在这里插入图片描述

# elasticsearch # 运维 # 云计算
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