目录

实验环境

实验环境：
1、win10,vmwrokstation虚机；
2、k8s集群：3台centos7.6 1810虚机，2个master节点,1个node节点 
   k8s version：v1.20
   CONTAINER-RUNTIME：docker://20.10.7

1、硬件环境

3台虚机 2c2g,20g。(nat模式，可访问外网)

角色	主机名	ip
master节点	k8s-master1	172.29.9.41
master节点	k8s-master2	172.29.9.42
node节点	k8s-node1	172.29.9.43
VIP	/	172.29.9.88

注意：
本次复用3个k8s node节点来模拟etcd节点；(注意：这里是测试环境，etcd集群就复用了k8s节点，实际工作环境，可以单独使用机器来组成etcd集群；)
2个master节点来做高可用；
1个工作节点来跑负载；

2、软件环境

软件	版本
操作系统	centos7.6_x64 1810 mini(其他centos7.x版本也行)
docker	20.10.7-ce
kubernetes	v1.20.0

3、架构图

理论图：

实际拓扑图：

实验软件

实验软件：部署一套完整的企业级高可用K8s集群-20211020

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1-QDyJBsJizN8SbBHAp-JXQ
提取码：1b25
–来自百度网盘超级会员V6的分享

一、基础环境配置**(all节点均要配置)**

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable  firewalld
systemctl stop NetworkManager && systemctl disable  NetworkManager

setenforce 0
sed -i s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/ /etc/selinux/config

swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.29.9.41 k8s-master1
172.29.9.42 k8s-master2
172.29.9.43 k8s-node1
EOF

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system  

yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

配置3个节点相应的主机名：

hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-master1
bash
hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-master2
bash
hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node1
bash

3台机器做一个免密配置：(方便后期从一台机器往剩余机器快速传输文件)

ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.29.9.42
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.29.9.43

此时，3个节点的初始化环境配置好了，都记得做一个快照！

二、部署Nginx+Keepalived高可用负载均衡器**(只需在2个master节点配置即可)**

1、安装软件包(master主备节点都要配置)

yum install epel-release -y
yum install nginx keepalived -y #注意，nginx是从epel-release源去下载的

2、Nginx配置文件(master主备节点都要配置)

cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

# 四层负载均衡，为两台Master apiserver组件提供负载均衡
# 这个strem是为nginx4层负载均衡的一个模块，不使用的https 7层的负载均衡；
stream {

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log  main;

    upstream k8s-apiserver {
       server 172.29.9.41:6443;   # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT，修改为本次master节点的ip即可
       server 172.29.9.42:6443;   # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT
    }
    
    server {
       listen 16443;  # 由于nginx与master节点复用，这个监听端口不能是6443，否则会冲突
       proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
    }
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
}
EOF

3、keepalived配置文件（Nginx Master上配置）

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs { 
   notification_email { 
     acassen@firewall.loc 
     failover@firewall.loc 
     sysadmin@firewall.loc 
   } 
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc  
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
   smtp_connect_timeout 30 
   router_id NGINX_MASTER
} 

vrrp_script check_nginx {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
    state MASTER 
    interface ens33  # 修改为实际网卡名
    virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的 
    priority 100    # 优先级，备服务器设置 90 
    advert_int 1    # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间，默认1秒 
    authentication { 
        auth_type PASS      
        auth_pass 1111 
    }  
    # 虚拟IP
    virtual_ipaddress { 
        172.29.9.88/16
    } 
    track_script {
        check_nginx
    } 
}
EOF

• vrrp_script：指定检查nginx工作状态脚本（根据nginx状态判断是否故障转移）

• virtual_ipaddress：虚拟IP（VIP）

准备上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态的脚本：

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh  << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")

if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi
EOF

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

4、keepalived配置文件(Nginx Backup上配置)

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs { 
   notification_email { 
     acassen@firewall.loc 
     failover@firewall.loc 
     sysadmin@firewall.loc 
   } 
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc  
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
   smtp_connect_timeout 30 
   router_id NGINX_BACKUP
} 

vrrp_script check_nginx {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
    state BACKUP 
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的 
    priority 90 #backup这里为90
    advert_int 1
    authentication { 
        auth_type PASS      
        auth_pass 1111 
    }  
    virtual_ipaddress { 
        172.29.9.88/16 #VIP
    } 
    track_script {
        check_nginx
    } 
}
EOF

准备上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态的脚本：

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh  << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")

if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi
EOF

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

注：keepalived根据脚本返回状态码（0为工作正常，非0不正常）判断是否故障转移。

5、启动并设置开机启动(2个master节点上都要配置)

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl enable keepalived

• 注意：在启动nginx时会报错

我们通过journalctl -u nginx发现ngixn报错原因：是现在的nginx版本里面不包含stream模块了，从而导致报错：

可能需要我们单独去装下了：

[root@k8s-master1 ~]#yum search stream|grep nginx
nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 : Nginx stream modules
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

yum install -y nginx-mod-stream

再次启动：就ok了，这2个步骤在2个master节点都执行一遍。

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl enable keepalived

6、查看keepalived工作状态

在master节点查看：

可以看到，在ens33网卡绑定了172.29.9…88 虚拟IP，说明工作正常。

7、Nginx+Keepalived高可用测试

• 测试方法：

关闭主节点Nginx，测试VIP是否漂移到备节点服务器。
在Nginx Master执行 pkill nginx
在Nginx Backup，ip addr命令查看已成功绑定VIP。

• 实际测试过程

首先我们在nginx master节点上看下ip情况：

再从winodws上长ping下这个VIP：

此时，在nginx master节点上查看nginx状态，并执行pkill nginx命令：

[root@k8s-master1 ~]#ss -antup|grep nginx
tcp    LISTEN     0      128       *:16443                 *:*                   users:(("nginx",pid=25229,fd=7),("nginx",pid=25228,fd=7),("nginx",pid=25227,fd=7))
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#pkill nginx
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#ss -antup|grep nginx
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

再在nginx master节点上确认nginx状态，及看下ping测试情况：此时会丢一个包的。

在Nginx Backup，ip addr命令查看已成功绑定VIP：

符合预期现象。

此时再启动master节点上的nginx，并再次观察现象：

注意：keepalived在切换VIP时会丢1个包的。

结论：

01、master节点和backup节点都是有nginx服务在运行的；

02、keepalived在切换VIP时会丢1个包的； Keepalived是一个主流高可用软件，基于VIP绑定实现服务器双机热备，在上述拓扑中，Keepalived主要根据Nginx运行状态判断是否需要故障转移（偏移VIP），例如当Nginx主节点挂掉，VIP会自动绑定在Nginx备节点，从而保证VIP一直可用，实现Nginx高可用。

03、注意nginx服务：

三、部署Etcd集群(只需在)(只需在etcd节点配置即可，但本次复用3个node节点来作为etcd使用，因此三个都需要配置)

3.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具

cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用json文件生成证书，相比openssl更方便使用。

找任意一台服务器操作，这里用k8s-master1节点。

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
#注意，以上链接若打不开，直接使用我提供的软件即可！

chmod +x cfssl*
for x in cfssl*; do mv $x ${x%*_linux-amd64};  done
mv cfssl* /usr/bin

3.2 生成Etcd证书

1. 自签证书颁发机构（CA）

创建工作目录：

mkdir -p ~/etcd_tls
cd ~/etcd_tls

自签CA：

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

会生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件。

2. 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书

创建证书申请文件：

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "172.29.9.41",
    "172.29.9.42",
    "172.29.9.43"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。多写几个etcd ip可以，但是少写的话，如果后期要扩容，就需要重新生成证书，比较麻烦些；

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

会生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。

3.3从Github下载二进制文件

下载地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

这里直接使用我提供的软件即可！

将etcd软件上传到k8s-master节点上；

[root@k8s-master1 ~]#ll
total 18044
-r--------. 1 root root   545894 May 30 10:57 centos7-init.zip
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root      174 Oct 19 22:28 etcd_tls
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 17364053 Oct 19 22:31 etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   560272 May 30 10:48 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

3.4 部署Etcd集群(以下在节点1上操作，为简化操作，待会将节点1生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2和节点3。)

1.创建工作目录并解压二进制包

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

2. 创建etcd配置文件

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2380" #2380是 集群通信的端口；
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2379" #2379是指它的数据端口，其他客户端要访问etcd数据库的读写都走的是这个端口；

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.29.9.41:2380,etcd-2=https://172.29.9.42:2380,etcd-3=https://172.29.9.43:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" #一种简单的认证机制，网络里可能配置了多套k8s集群，防止误同步；
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

•ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
•ETCD_DATADIR：数据目录
•ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
•ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
•ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
•ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
•ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
•ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
•ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

3.systemd管理etcd

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4.拷贝刚才生成的证书

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：

cp ~/etcd_tls/ca*pem ~/etcd_tls/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

5.启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

• 注意：第一个etcd服务启动很定会很慢，肯定会失败的；

为什么呢？

journalctl -u etcd -f #查看日志

通过查看日志可以看到，链接etcd另外2个节点报错，因此另外2个etcd节点的服务也需要起起来才行。

6.将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2和节点3

scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@172.29.9.42:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@172.29.9.42:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@172.29.9.43:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@172.29.9.43:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然后在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP：

vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"   # 修改此处，节点2改为etcd-2，节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"   # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

最终配置：

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.42:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.42:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.42:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.42:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.29.9.41:2380,etcd-2=https://172.29.9.42:2380,etcd-3=https://172.29.9.43:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.43:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.43:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.43:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.43:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.29.9.41:2380,etcd-2=https://172.29.9.42:2380,etcd-3=https://172.29.9.43:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

最后启动etcd并设置开机启动，同上。

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

7. 查看集群状态

[root@k8s-master1 ~]#ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://172.29.9.41:2379,https://172.29.9.42:2379,https://172.29.9.43:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table

如果输出上面信息，就说明集群部署成功。

如果有问题第一步先看日志：/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd

四、安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet(所有节点都需要配置)>

1.安装Docker

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install docker-ce -y

systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors":["https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

2.添加阿里云YUM软件源

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

3.安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：

yum install -y kubelet-1.20.0 kubeadm-1.20.0 kubectl-1.20.0
systemctl enable kubelet

五、部署Kubernetes Master

1.初始化Master1(在k8s-master1上操作)

生成初始化配置文件：

cat > kubeadm-config.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 172.29.9.41
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: k8s-master1
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  certSANs:  # 包含所有Master/LB/VIP IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
  - k8s-master1
  - k8s-master2
  - 172.29.9.41
  - 172.29.9.42
  - 172.29.9.88
  - 127.0.0.1
  extraArgs:
    authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: 172.29.9.88:16443 # 负载均衡虚拟IP（VIP）和端口
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  external:  # 使用外部etcd
    endpoints:
    - https://172.29.9.41:2379 # etcd集群3个节点
    - https://172.29.9.42:2379
    - https://172.29.9.43:2379
    caFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem # 连接etcd所需证书
    certFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
    keyFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers # 由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问，这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0 # K8s版本，与上面安装的一致
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16  # Pod网络，与下面部署的CNI网络组件yaml中保持一致
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12  # 集群内部虚拟网络，Pod统一访问入口
scheduler: {}
EOF

使用配置文件引导：

kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.20.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.9. Latest validated version: 19.03
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master1 k8s-master2 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.29.9.41 172.29.9.88 172.29.9.42 127.0.0.1]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/ca certificate authority generation
[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/server certificate generation
[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/peer certificate generation
[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/healthcheck-client certificate generation
[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping apiserver-etcd-client certificate generation
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 17.036041 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.20" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master1 as control-plane by adding the labels "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''" and "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane='' (deprecated)"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master1 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:

  kubeadm join 172.29.9.88:16443 --token 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b83d62021daef2cd62c0c19ee0f45adf574c2eaf1de28f0e6caafdabdf95951d \
    --control-plane

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 172.29.9.88:16443 --token 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b83d62021daef2cd62c0c19ee0f45adf574c2eaf1de28f0e6caafdabdf95951d

初始化完成后，会有两个join的命令，带有 --control-plane 是用于加入组建多master集群的，不带的是加入节点的。

拷贝kubectl使用的连接k8s认证文件到默认路径：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

[root@k8s-master1 ~]#kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS     ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
k8s-master1   NotReady   control-plane,master   7m34s   v1.20.0
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

2.初始化Master2

此时，若我们直接在k8s-master2节点上使用提示的命令join时会报错：

注意：我们再加入master2，执行这条命令的时候，实际上只是初始化生成了一些配置文件而已，但是他那个证书，它没有再给你重新初始化了，因为你作为第二个控制面板加入集群了，它证书不再给你重新初始化，这主要是因为你是同一个集群，因为它再重新给你初始化根证书等证书，会导致你集群里的证书不一致现象，那么就会带来后面很多关于证书方面的问题。所以我们要部署第二个节点的时候，我们要把第一个节点的证书拷贝过来，就不能再重新生成一套独立的证书了，包括后面的授权等都是基于这1套证书去实现的。

将Master1节点生成的证书拷贝到Master2：

scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki/ 172.29.9.42:/etc/kubernetes/

复制加入master join命令在master2执行：

  kubeadm join 172.29.9.88:16443 --token 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b83d62021daef2cd62c0c19ee0f45adf574c2eaf1de28f0e6caafdabdf95951d \
    --control-plane

此时观看，发现加入成功！

拷贝kubectl使用的连接k8s认证文件到默认路径：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

[root@k8s-master2 ~]#kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS     ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1   NotReady   control-plane,master   14m   v1.20.0
k8s-master2   NotReady   control-plane,master   30s   v1.20.0
[root@k8s-master2 ~]#

注：由于网络插件还没有部署，还没有准备就绪 NotReady。

3.访问负载均衡器测试

找K8s集群中任意一个节点，使用curl查看K8s版本测试，使用VIP访问：

本次使用k8s-master2节点跑这个测试命令：多执行几次。

[root@k8s-master2 ~]#curl -k https://172.29.9.88:16443/version
{
  "major": "1",
  "minor": "20",
  "gitVersion": "v1.20.0",
  "gitCommit": "af46c47ce925f4c4ad5cc8d1fca46c7b77d13b38",
  "gitTreeState": "clean",
  "buildDate": "2020-12-08T17:51:19Z",
  "goVersion": "go1.15.5",
  "compiler": "gc",
  "platform": "linux/amd64"
}[root@k8s-master2 ~]#

可以正确获取到K8s版本信息，说明负载均衡器搭建正常。该请求数据流程：curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver

通过查看Nginx日志也可以看到转发apiserver IP：这个在k8s-master1节点上测试

tail /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log -f

测试成功。

六、加入Kubernetes Node

在172.29.9.43（Node1）执行。

向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：

[root@k8s-master1 ~]#kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 172.29.9.88:16443 --token vh0mrh.9s60jligjkrduacj     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b83d62021daef2cd62c0c19ee0f45adf574c2eaf1de28f0e6caafdabdf95951d
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

后续其他节点也是这样加入。

注：默认token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token，可以直接在master节点直接使用命令快捷生成：kubeadm token create --print-join-command

七、部署网络组件

Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案，是目前Kubernetes主流的网络方案。

部署Calico：

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl get pod -A

等Calico Pod都Running，节点也会准备就绪：

[root@k8s-master1 ~]#kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1   Ready    control-plane,master   29m   v1.20.0
k8s-master2   Ready    control-plane,master   24m   v1.20.0
k8s-node1     Ready    <none>                 16m   v1.20.0
[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

八、部署 Dashboard

Dashboard是官方提供的一个UI，可用于基本管理K8s资源。

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

# 查看部署
kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard

访问地址：https://NodeIP:30001

创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色：

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

使用输出的token登录Dashboard。

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总结

​ 好了，关于部署一套完整的企业级高可用K8s集群实验就到这里了，感谢大家阅读，最后贴上我的美圆photo一张，祝大家生活快乐，每天都过的有意义哦，我们下期见！