一. 安装前的准备

1. 安装 pullk8s 工具，此工具可以通过 hub.docker.com 的 opsdockerimage 仓库下载k8s所需的 k8s.gcr.io 或 gcr.io 镜像，无需自己翻墙，每天更新一次，包括所有image 的全平台的所有tags。

$ sudo curl -L "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OpsDocker/pullk8s/main/pullk8s.sh" -o /usr/local/bin/pullk8s
$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/pullk8s

pullk8s COMMAND [NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]] [OPTIONS]

Pull gcr.io's image for hub.docker.com

Commands:
  check    Check gcr.io's fail pull images.
  pull     Pull an image or a repository

Options:
  --microk8s  If use MicroK8s release.

Examples:
  pullk8s pull gcr.io/google_containers/etcd:2.0.12
  pullk8s pull k8s.gcr.io/etcd:2.0.12
  pullk8s pull k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6 --microk8s
  pullk8s check --microk8s

2. 安装 snap ,Ubuntu 目前已经支持。其他系统的安装见 Installing snapd | Snapcraft documentation

 

二. 安装 microk8s

1. 安装 microk8s

$ sudo snap install microk8s --classic

microk8s (1.22/stable) v1.22.2 from Canonical✓ installed

  安装结束后，要进行下一步检查，查看那些 google 容器 pull 失败。

2. 检查被屏蔽的 gcr.io 或 k8s.gcr.io 容器名称

# pullk8s check --microk8s

k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1

  - 此时提示的 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 就是pull 失败的容器名称

  - 因 microk8s 启动需要时间，可能要执行多次才能看到失败的容器名称，

3. 使用 pullk8s 拉取失败的镜像，并导入到 pod 空间中

# pullk8s pull k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 --microk8s

Pull pause:3.1 ...
3.1: Pulling from opsdockerimage/pause
Digest: sha256:f78411e19d84a252e53bff71a4407a5686c46983a2c2eeed83929b888179acea
Status: Downloaded newer image for opsdockerimage/pause:3.1
docker.io/opsdockerimage/pause:3.1
Untagged: opsdockerimage/pause:3.1
Untagged: opsdockerimage/pause@sha256:f78411e19d84a252e53bff71a4407a5686c46983a2c2eeed83929b888179acea
unpacking k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 (sha256:0968e31df05b727234888883ba43ccaa4ec75566113c75065af5a6124b62d93c)...done

4. 查看Pod运行状态

# microk8s kubectl get pod --all-namespaces

NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-node-24q47                          1/1     Running   0          5m4s
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-58c9b7bcc5-ktpzk   1/1     Running   0          5m4s

5. 根据自己的需要，安装仪表板、DNS、私有化Registry、流量及路由控制器等k8s组件

# microk8s enable dashboard dns registry istio

  安装完成后，依然要进行步骤2、3的检查pull失败及pullk8s拉取操作。直到所有pod都是 Running

三. 访问仪表板

1. 获取 token 密钥

# token=$(microk8s kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep default-token | cut -d " " -f1)
# microk8s kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $token

2. 映射端口到外部网卡

# microk8s kubectl port-forward -n kube-system --address=0.0.0.0 service/kubernetes-dashboard 10443:443

3. 浏览器访问

   https://127.0.0.1:10443

其他常用命令：

命令	说明
microk8s dashboard-proxy	配置仪表板访问代理
microk8s start	启动 microk8s
microk8s stop	停止 microk8s
snap alias microk8s.kubectl kubectl	设置别名
microk8s kubectl get all --all-namespace	查看所有命名空间所有pod及服务的状态

四. 部署应用

翻阅网上很多文章，都是讲到安装 MicroK8s 就结束了，然后干什么呢？当然是如何部署我们的应用了，这里首先涉及到访问控制，下面以以 Istio 为例：

1. 安装 Istio，如果 二.5 步骤命令行，没有安装 Istio 则执行一下命令：

# microk8s enable istio

2. 查看是否配置了外部访问IP ，若EXTRNAL-IP值是<none>或持续显示<pending>则需要步骤3的配置IP

# microk8s kubectl get service -n istio-system istio-ingressgateway
NAME                   TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP    PORT(S)                                                                      AGE
istio-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   10.152.183.179   192.168.0.23   15021:30040/TCP,80:31999/TCP,443:32633/TCP,31400:32459/TCP,15443:32530/TCP   4d22h

3. 配置外部访问IP：

# microk8s kubectl -n istio-system edit service/istio-ingressgateway

进入编辑后，在 spec 下添加你的外部访问IP，修改后 wq 推出即生效：

spec:
  externalIPs:
  - 192.168.0.23

4. 允许sidecar：

Istio 提供了一种无入侵式的应用部署方式，即在创建 Pod 时触发 Sidecar 的注入过程，将Envoy的扩展版本作为代理布署到每个微服务中，而方法是在则会个namespace添加一个标签。

$ microk8s kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled

# 查看 default 是否成功添加 label
$ microk8s kubectl get namespaces --show-labels
NAME                 STATUS   AGE     LABELS
kube-system          Active   4d23h   kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-system
kube-public          Active   4d23h   kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-public
kube-node-lease      Active   4d23h   kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-node-lease
container-registry   Active   4d23h   kubernetes.io/metadata.name=container-registry
istio-system         Active   4d23h   kubernetes.io/metadata.name=istio-system
default              Active   4d23h   istio-injection=enabled,kubernetes.io/metadata.name=default

5.部署应用

创建文件 nginx 静态服务器配置文件 nginx-deployment.yaml，配置 v1/v2 两个版本：

##################################################
# ConfigMap to copy simple text to NGINX 
##################################################
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: nginx-static-files
  namespace: default
data:
  echo.txt.v2: |-
    Hello, This is Service1!!!
  echo.txt.v1: |-
    Hello, This is Service2!!!
---
##################################################
# Deployment to create NGINX Containers
##################################################
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-v2
  labels:
    deploy: nginx
    version: "2"
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
      version: "2"
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
        version: "2"
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.17.9
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - name: echo-txt
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/echo
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 2
          periodSeconds: 10
      volumes:
      - name: echo-txt
        configMap:
          name: nginx-static-files
          items:
          - key: echo.txt.v2
            path: test.txt

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-v1
  labels:
    deploy: nginx
    version: "1"
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
      version: "1"
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
        version: "1"
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.17.9
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - name: echo-txt
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/echo
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 2
          periodSeconds: 10
      volumes:
      - name: echo-txt
        configMap:
          name: nginx-static-files
          items:
          - key: echo.txt.v1
            path: test.txt
---
##################################################
# NGINX Services
##################################################
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-svc
  labels:
    service: nginx
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: nginx
  ports:
  - name: http
    protocol: TCP
    port: 80

执行：
 

# microk8s kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml

6. 配置访问路由规则

    创建文件 nginx Gateway、虚拟服务配置文件 nginx-gateway.yaml，绑定域名 test.mynginx.com 并配置权重50/50，将流量平均分配给 v1/v2：

########################################
# Destination Rule
########################################
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  host: nginx-svc
  subsets:
  - name: v2
    labels:
      app: nginx
      version: "2"
  - name: v1
    labels:
      app: nginx
      version: "1"

---
########################################
# Gateway
########################################

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: nginx-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      name: http
      number: 80
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "*"
---
########################################
# VirtualService
########################################
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  hosts:
  - "test.mynginx.com"
  gateways:
  - nginx-gateway
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: nginx-svc
        port:
          number: 80
        subset: v2
      weight: 50
    - destination:
        host: nginx-svc
        port:
          number: 80
        subset: v1
      weight: 50

 执行：
 

# microk8s kubectl apply -f nginx-gateway.yaml

7.访问应用
  在客户端电脑，添加 Host 域名，配置 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

192.168.0.23    test.mynginx.com

  保存后，在浏览器访问：http://test.mynginx.com/echo/test.txt

  强制刷新 Ctrl+F5，可以看到随机返回 Server1/Server2。