1、创建一个类MyImageView

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Matrix;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.ScaleGestureDetector;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewTreeObserver;
import androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView;


public class MyImageView extends AppCompatImageView implements ScaleGestureDetector.OnScaleGestureListener, View.OnTouchListener {
    /**
     * 控件宽度
     */
    private int mWidth;
    /**
     * 控件高度
     */
    private int mHeight;
    /**
     * 拿到src的图片
     */
    private Drawable mDrawable;
    /**
     * 图片宽度（使用前判断mDrawable是否null）
     */
    private int mDrawableWidth;
    /**
     * 图片高度（使用前判断mDrawable是否null）
     */
    private int mDrawableHeight;

    /**
     * 初始化缩放值
     */
    private float mScale;

    /**
     * 双击图片的缩放值
     */
    private float mDoubleClickScale;

    /**
     * 最大的缩放值
     */
    private float mMaxScale;

    /**
     * 最小的缩放值
     */
    private float mMinScale;

    private ScaleGestureDetector scaleGestureDetector;
    /**
     * 当前有着缩放值、平移值的矩阵。
     */
    private Matrix matrix;

    public MyImageView(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }

    public MyImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }

    public MyImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        setOnTouchListener(this);
        scaleGestureDetector = new ScaleGestureDetector(context, this);
        initListener();
    }


    /**
     * 初始化事件监听
     */
    private void initListener() {
        // 强制设置模式
        setScaleType(ScaleType.MATRIX);
        // 添加观察者
        getViewTreeObserver().addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
            @Override
            public void onGlobalLayout() {
                // 移除观察者
                getViewTreeObserver().removeGlobalOnLayoutListener(this);
                // 获取控件大小
                mWidth = getWidth();
                mHeight = getHeight();

                //通过getDrawable获得Src的图片
                mDrawable = getDrawable();
                if (mDrawable == null)
                    return;
                mDrawableWidth = mDrawable.getIntrinsicWidth();
                mDrawableHeight = mDrawable.getIntrinsicHeight();
                initImageViewSize();
                moveToCenter();
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 初始化资源图片宽高
     */
    private void initImageViewSize() {
        if (mDrawable == null)
            return;

        // 缩放值
        float scale = 1.0f;
        // 图片宽度大于控件宽度，图片高度小于控件高度
        if (mDrawableWidth > mWidth && mDrawableHeight < mHeight)
            scale = mWidth * 1.0f / mDrawableWidth;
            // 图片高度度大于控件宽高，图片宽度小于控件宽度
        else if (mDrawableHeight > mHeight && mDrawableWidth < mWidth)
            scale = mHeight * 1.0f / mDrawableHeight;
            // 图片宽度大于控件宽度，图片高度大于控件高度
        else if (mDrawableHeight > mHeight && mDrawableWidth > mWidth)
            scale = Math.min(mHeight * 1.0f / mDrawableHeight, mWidth * 1.0f / mDrawableWidth);
            // 图片宽度小于控件宽度，图片高度小于控件高度
        else if (mDrawableHeight < mHeight && mDrawableWidth < mWidth)
            scale = Math.min(mHeight * 1.0f / mDrawableHeight, mWidth * 1.0f / mDrawableWidth);
        mScale = scale;
        mMaxScale = mScale * 8.0f;
        mMinScale = mScale * 0.5f;
    }

    /**
     * 移动控件中间位置
     */
    private void moveToCenter() {
        final float dx = mWidth / 2 - mDrawableWidth / 2;
        final float dy = mHeight / 2 - mDrawableHeight / 2;
        matrix = new Matrix();
        // 平移至中心
        matrix.postTranslate(dx, dy);
        // 以控件中心作为缩放
        matrix.postScale(mScale, mScale, mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2);
        setImageMatrix(matrix);
    }

    /**
     * @return 当前缩放的值
     */
    private float getmScale() {
        float[] floats = new float[9];
        matrix.getValues(floats);
        return floats[Matrix.MSCALE_X];
    }

    /**
     * @param matrix 矩阵
     * @return matrix的 l t b r 和width，height
     */
    private RectF getRectf(Matrix matrix) {
        RectF f = new RectF();
        if (mDrawable == null)
            return null;
        f.set(0, 0, mDrawableWidth, mDrawableHeight);
        matrix.mapRect(f);
        return f;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onScale(ScaleGestureDetector detector) {
        if (mDrawable == null) {
            return true;
        }
        // 系统定义的缩放值
        float scaleFactor = detector.getScaleFactor();
        // 获取已经缩放的值
        float scale = getmScale();
        float scaleResult = scale * scaleFactor;
        if (scaleResult >= mMaxScale && scaleFactor > 1.0f)
            scaleFactor = mMaxScale / scale;
        if (scaleResult <= mMinScale && scaleFactor < 1.0f)
            scaleFactor = mMinScale / scale;

        matrix.postScale(scaleFactor, scaleFactor, detector.getFocusX(), detector.getFocusY());

        RectF f = getRectf(matrix);
        float dX = 0.0f;
        float dY = 0.0f;
        // 图片高度大于控件高度
        if (f.height() >= mHeight) {
            // 图片顶部出现空白
            if (f.top > 0) {
                // 往上移动
                dY = -f.top;
            }
            // 图片底部出现空白
            if (f.bottom < mHeight) {
                // 往下移动
                dY = mHeight - f.bottom;
            }
        }
        // 图片宽度大于控件宽度
        if (f.width() >= mWidth) {
            // 图片左边出现空白
            if (f.left > 0) {
                // 往左边移动
                dX = -f.left;
            }
            // 图片右边出现空白
            if (f.right < mWidth) {
                // 往右边移动
                dX = mWidth - f.right;
            }
        }

        if (f.width() < mWidth) {
            dX = mWidth / 2 - f.right + f.width() / 2;
        }

        if (f.height() < mHeight) {
            dY = mHeight / 2 - f.bottom + f.height() / 2;
        }
        matrix.postTranslate(dX, dY);
        setImageMatrix(matrix);
        return true;
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onScaleBegin(ScaleGestureDetector detector) {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onScaleEnd(ScaleGestureDetector detector) {
        float scale = getmScale();
        if (scale < mScale) {
            matrix.postScale(mScale / scale, mScale / scale, mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2);
            setImageMatrix(matrix);
        }
    }


    private float downX;
    private float downY;
    private float nowMovingX;
    private float nowMovingY;
    private float lastMovedX;
    private float lastMovedY;
    private boolean isFirstMoved = false;

    @Override
    public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
        switch (event.getAction() & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK) {
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                isFirstMoved = false;
                downX = event.getX();
                downY = event.getY();
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
                isFirstMoved = false;
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                nowMovingX = event.getX();
                nowMovingY = event.getY();
                if (!isFirstMoved) {
                    isFirstMoved = true;
                    lastMovedX = nowMovingX;
                    lastMovedY = nowMovingY;
                }
                float dX = 0.0f;
                float dY = 0.0f;
                RectF rectf = getRectf(matrix);
                // 判断滑动方向
                final float scrollX = nowMovingX - lastMovedX;
                // 判断滑动方向
                final float scrollY = nowMovingY - lastMovedY;
                // 图片高度大于控件高度
                if (rectf.height() > mHeight && canSmoothY()) {
                    dY = nowMovingY - lastMovedY;
                }

                // 图片宽度大于控件宽度
                if (rectf.width() > mWidth && canSmoothX()) {
                    dX = nowMovingX - lastMovedX;
                }
                matrix.postTranslate(dX, dY);

                remedyXAndY(dX,dY);

                lastMovedX = nowMovingX;
                lastMovedY = nowMovingY;
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP:
                isFirstMoved = false;
                break;
        }
        return scaleGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event);
    }

    /**
     * 判断x方向上能不能滑动
     * @return 可以滑动返回true
     */
    private boolean canSmoothX(){
        RectF rectf = getRectf(matrix);
        if (rectf.left >0 || rectf.right <getWidth())
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 判断y方向上可不可以滑动
     * @return 可以滑动返回true
     */
    private boolean canSmoothY(){
        RectF rectf = getRectf(matrix);
        if (rectf.top>0 || rectf.bottom < getHeight())
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 纠正出界的横和众线
     * @param dx 出界偏移的横线
     * @param dy 出街便宜的众线
     */
    private void remedyXAndY(float dx,float dy){
        if (!canSmoothX())
            matrix.postTranslate(-dx,0);
        if (!canSmoothY())
            matrix.postTranslate(0,-dy);
        setImageMatrix(matrix);
    }
}

2、引用这个类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <com.example.testsize.MyImageView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:scaleType="matrix"
        android:src="@drawable/bg_monitor"/>

</RelativeLayout>