记一次Linux磁盘分区及扩容操作
一、磁盘分区1)查看磁盘信息# fdisk -lWARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.Disk /dev/sda: 1919.0 GB, 1918999986176 bytes, 3748046848 sector
一、磁盘分区
1)查看磁盘信息
# fdisk -l
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sda: 1919.0 GB, 1918999986176 bytes, 3748046848 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 4DA8CF29-067C-4696-8630-4E24516E0D46
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 1050623 512M EFI System EFI System Partition
2 1050624 2099199 512M Microsoft basic
3 2099200 3479406591 1.6T Microsoft basic
4 3479406592 3747842047 128G Linux swap
Disk /dev/sdb: 15352.0 GB, 15351999889408 bytes, 29984374784 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 1048576 bytes
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 252G 0 252G 0% /dev
tmpfs 252G 0 252G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 252G 20M 252G 1% /run
tmpfs 252G 0 252G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 1.7T 5.8G 1.7T 1% /
/dev/sda2 506M 227M 280M 45% /boot
/dev/sda1 512M 9.9M 502M 2% /boot/efi
tmpfs 51G 44K 51G 1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 51G 0 51G 0% /run/user/0
经查看,发现 sdb 盘没有分区。
2)分盘
--创建物理卷(使用pvcreate)
# pvcreate /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
--查看物理卷
# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdb" is a new physical volume of "13.96 TiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb
VG Name
PV Size 13.96 TiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 5EMfd6-TPtv-a5Sv-ItGx-rIUk-fzfI-nRR3in
--创建卷组并给卷组增加分区(使用vgcreate)
# vgcreate vgdata /dev/sdb
Volume group "vgdata" successfully created
--查看卷组
#vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgdata
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 13.96 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 3660201
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 3660201 / 13.96 TiB
VG UUID bHLMlb-KWB7-KQ1q-G7Mr-fdsv-djd2-wIjazy
--创建新的逻辑卷(使用lvcreate)
#lvcreate -l 100%free -n lvdata vgdata
Logical volume "lvdata" created.
--查看逻辑卷
# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vgdata/lvdata
LV Name lvdata
VG Name vgdata
LV UUID mRjXg9-0BX8-QkV0-08r2-VyXM-sQqm-SOQUBv
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time plmprddb02, 2021-03-21 23:45:39 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 13.96 TiB
Current LE 3660201
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
3)格式化
# mkfs -t xfs /dev/vgdata/lvdata
meta-data=/dev/vgdata/lvdata isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=117126464 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=3748045824, imaxpct=5
= sunit=64 swidth=256 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
4)挂载
--创建挂载目录
# mkdir /oradata
--挂载
# mount /dev/vgdata/lvdata /oradata
--查看挂载情况
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 252G 0 252G 0% /dev
tmpfs 252G 0 252G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 252G 20M 252G 1% /run
tmpfs 252G 0 252G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 1.7T 5.8G 1.7T 1% /
/dev/sda2 506M 227M 280M 45% /boot
/dev/sda1 512M 9.9M 502M 2% /boot/efi
tmpfs 51G 40K 51G 1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 51G 0 51G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata 14T 34M 14T 1% /oradata
5)设置开机自动挂载
#vi /etc/fstab
添加如下内容:
/dev/vgdata/lvdata /oradata xfs defaults 0 0
必要步骤总结:
–创建物理卷(使用pvcreate)
# pvcreate /dev/sdb
–创建卷组并给卷组增加分区(使用vgcreate)
# vgcreate vgdata /dev/sdb
–创建新的逻辑卷(使用lvcreate)
# lvcreate -l 100%free -n lvdata vgdata
–格式化
# mkfs -t xfs /dev/vgdata/lvdata
–创建挂载目录
# mkdir /oradata
–挂载
# mount /dev/vgdata/lvdata /oradata
–设置开机自动挂载
# vi /etc/fstab
添加如下内容:
/dev/vgdata/lvdata /oradata xfs defaults 0 0
二、扩容
如下展示的扩容步骤为另一台机器上的操作。
背景:因 /oradata 路径空间不足,现需对其扩容500G 。
1)查看磁盘信息
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000dc28e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 4196352 138414079 67108864 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 138414080 314572799 88079360 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 3758.1 GB, 3758096384000 bytes, 7340032000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-root: 90.2 GB, 90190118912 bytes, 176152576 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data: 3221.2 GB, 3221221277696 bytes, 6291447808 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 1048576 bytes
通过如上信息可以看出,/dev/sdb 盘当前有3758.1 GB,而逻辑卷/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data只有3221.2 GB,新加的500G需要进行配置。
具体操作如下文。
2)扩容
--查看物理卷信息
# pvscan
PV /dev/sdb VG vg_data lvm2 [<2.93 TiB / 0 free]
PV /dev/sda3 VG rootvg lvm2 [<84.00 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 2 [3.01 TiB] / in use: 2 [3.01 TiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
--扩充物理卷
# pvresize /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
--再次查看物理卷信息
# pvscan
PV /dev/sdb VG vg_data lvm2 [<3.42 TiB / 0 free] --已修改成功
PV /dev/sda3 VG rootvg lvm2 [<84.00 GiB / 0 free]
--查看vg信息
# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
rootvg 1 1 0 wz--n- <84.00g 0
vg_data 1 1 0 wz--n- <3.42t 500.00g --已扩容
--查看lv信息
# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_data/lv_data' [<2.93 TiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/rootvg/root' [<84.00 GiB] inherit
--扩充lv
# lvextend -L +500G /dev/vg_data/lv_data --扩500G
Size of logical volume vg_data/lv_data changed from <2.93 TiB (767999 extents) to <3.42 TiB (895999 extents).
Logical volume vg_data/lv_data successfully resized.
--再次查看lv信息
# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_data/lv_data' [<3.42 TiB] inherit --已扩至3.42G
ACTIVE '/dev/rootvg/root' [<84.00 GiB] inherit
--查看磁盘信息
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000dc28e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 4196352 138414079 67108864 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 138414080 314572799 88079360 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 3758.1 GB, 3758096384000 bytes, 7340032000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-root: 90.2 GB, 90190118912 bytes, 176152576 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data: 3758.1 GB, 3758092189696 bytes, 7340023808 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 1048576 bytes
可看到/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data已变成3758.1 GB 。
--查看磁盘挂载情况
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /dev
tmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 24G 18M 24G 1% /run
tmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-root 84G 33G 52G 40% /
/dev/sda1 2.0G 182M 1.9G 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data 3.0T 2.7T 333G 89% /oradata
tmpfs 4.7G 0 4.7G 0% /run/user/0
--卸载磁盘
# umount /dev/vg_data/lv_data
umount: /oradata: target is busy.
(In some cases useful info about processes that use
the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
--查看磁盘挂载情况
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /dev
tmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 24G 18M 24G 1% /run
tmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-root 84G 33G 52G 40% /
/dev/sda1 2.0G 182M 1.9G 9% /boot
tmpfs 4.7G 0 4.7G 0% /run/user/0
--重新挂载磁盘
# umount /dev/vg_data/lv_data
--查看磁盘挂载情况
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /dev
tmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 24G 18M 24G 1% /run
tmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-root 84G 33G 51G 40% /
/dev/sda1 2.0G 182M 1.9G 9% /boot
tmpfs 4.7G 0 4.7G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data 3.0T 2.7T 333G 89% /oradata
发现 /oradata 的空间依然是3.0T,并没有变化。
问题出在那里呢?
通过搜索资料找到了解决方法,执行如下命令:
# xfs_growfs /dev/vg_data/lv_data
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=196607744 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=786430976, imaxpct=5
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=383999, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 786430976 to 917502976
再次查看,发现 /oradata空间已增加500G 。
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /dev
tmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 24G 18M 24G 1% /run
tmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-root 84G 33G 51G 40% /
/dev/sda1 2.0G 182M 1.9G 9% /boot
tmpfs 4.7G 0 4.7G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data 3.5T 2.7T 833G 77% /oradata
必要操作总结:
–扩充物理卷
# pvresize /dev/sdb
–扩充lv
# lvextend -L +500G /dev/vg_data/lv_data --扩500G
–resize lv
# xfs_growfs /dev/vg_data/lv_data
–卸载磁盘
# umount /dev/vg_data/lv_data
–重新挂载磁盘
# umount /dev/vg_data/lv_data
本文通过真是案例展示了Linux磁盘分区及扩容的方法,希望对各位有所帮助。
相关文章:
Linux—磁盘配额,管理LVM逻辑卷
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